Skip to main content Skip to main navigation menu Skip to site footer
Responsive image
Issue: Vol. 675 No. 3: 4 Dec. 2024
Type: Article
Published: 2024-12-04
DOI: 10.11646/phytotaxa.675.3.3
Page range: 233-246
Abstract views: 149
PDF downloaded: 8

Morpho-molecular systematics of Striaticonidium kfriense (Stachybotryaceae), a new synnematous species from the Western Ghats, India

National Fungal Culture Collection of India (NFCCI), Biodiversity and Palaeobiology (Fungi) Gr., MACS Agharkar Research Institute, G. G. Agarkar Road, Pune, 411 004, Maharashtra, India. Faculty of Science, Savitribai Phule Pune University, Pune, 411 007, Maharashtra, India.
National Fungal Culture Collection of India (NFCCI), Biodiversity and Palaeobiology (Fungi) Gr., MACS Agharkar Research Institute, G. G. Agarkar Road, Pune, 411 004, Maharashtra, India.
Department of Forest Ecology, Kerala Forest Research Institute, Peechi, Thrissur, Kerala 680653, India.
Department of Botany, Bishop Abraham Memorial College, Thuruthicad, Pathanamthitta–689597, Kerala, India.
Patanjali Herbal Research Department, Patanjali Research Institute, Haridwar 249405, Uttarakhand, India
Mycology Lab, Department of Plant Pathology, Punjab Agricultural University, Ludhiana 141 004, Punjab, India.
Department of Health Sciences, Faculty of Medicine and Health Sciences, University of Mauritius, Réduit 80837, Mauritius. Department of Zoology, College of Science, King Saud University, Riyadh, Saudi Arabia.
National Fungal Culture Collection of India (NFCCI), Biodiversity and Palaeobiology (Fungi) Gr., MACS Agharkar Research Institute, G. G. Agarkar Road, Pune, 411 004, Maharashtra, India
Center for Yunnan Plateau Biological Resources Protection and Utilization, College of Biological Resource and Food Engineering, Qujing Normal University, Qujing, Yunnan, 655011, P. R. China
Department of Forest Ecology, Kerala Forest Research Institute, Peechi, Thrissur, Kerala 680653, India
1 new taxon conidial fungi Kerala phylogeny striated conidia taxonomy Fungi

Abstract

This study introduces a new species of Striaticonidium from the evergreen forests of Karadichola, Vazhachal in the southern Western Ghats of Kerala, India. This new species is distinct from the other members of the Striaticonidium genus due to its significantly longer determinate synnemata with twisted stalk and marginal, flexuous, coarsely ornamented setae. Striaticonidium kfriense is also unique for its larger conidia and conidiogenous cells from the morphologically comparable, S. synnematum. Phylogenetic analyses of combined cmdA-ITS-LSU-rpb2-tub2 sequence data delineated S. kfriense as a new lineage sister to S. synnematum under the family Stachybotryaceae. Furthermore, the pairwise homoplasy index between S. kfriense and other species within Striaticonidium indicated no evidence of significant genetic recombination between our species and its closest relatives. This is the first record of genus Striaticonidium from India especially from the pristine warm tropical natural forests of the Indian Gondwanan region, such as the Western Ghats.

References

  1. Aljanabi, S.M. & Martinez, I. (1997) Universal and rapid salt-extraction of high quality genomic DNA for PCR-based techniques. Nucleic Acids Research 25: 4692–4693. https://doi.org/10.1093/nar/25.22.4692
  2. Beddome, R.H. (1891) Flora Sylvatica for Southern India. The Forester’s Manual of Botany for Southern India. p. cx.
  3. Ben, H.Y., Gao, W., Qu, H.Y., Chai, A.L., Shi, Y.X., Xie, X.W. & Li, B.J. (2015) New host record of Myrothecium roridum causing leaf spot on Abutilon megapotamicum from China. Journal of Phytopathology 164: 563–566. https://doi.org/10.1111/jph.12439
  4. Bhat, D.J. (2010) Fascinating Microfungi (Hyphomycetes) of Western Ghats—India. Broadway Book Centre, Panjim, Goa, India. 221 pp.
  5. Bhat, D.J. & Kendrick, B. (1993) Twenty-five New Conidial Fungi from the Western Ghats and the Andaman Islands (India). Mycotaxon 49: 19–90.
  6. Chethana, K.T., Manawasinghe, I.S., Hurdeal, V.G., Bhunjun, C.S., Appadoo, M.A., Gentekaki, E., Raspé, O., Promputtha, I. & Hyde, K.D. (2021) What are fungal species and how to delineate them? Fungal Diversity 109 (1): 1–25. https://doi.org/10.1007/s13225-021-00483-9
  7. Corda, A.C.J. (1842) Icones fungorum hucusque cognitorum. Vol. 5. 92 pp.
  8. Crous, P.W., Shivas, R.G., Quaedvlieg, W., van der Bank, M., Zhang, Y., Summerell, B.A., Guarro, J., Wingfield, M.J., Wood, A.R., Alfenas, A.C., Braun, U., Cano-Lira, J.F., García, D., Marin-Felix, Y., Alvarado, P., Andrade, J.P., Armengol, J., Assefa, A., den Breeÿen, A., Camele, I., Cheewangkoon, R., De Souza, J.T., Duong, T.A., Esteve-Raventós, F., Fournier, J., Frisullo, S., García-Jiménez, J., Gardiennet, A., Gené, J., Hernández-Restrepo, M., Hirooka, Y., Hospenthal, D.R., King, A., Lechat, C., Lombard, L., Mang, S.M., Marbach, P.A.S., Marincowitz, S., Marin-Felix, Y., Montaño-Mata, N.J., Moreno, G., Perez, C.A., Pérez Sierra, A.M., Robertson, J.L., Roux, J., Rubio, E., Schumacher, R.K., Stchigel, A.M., Sutton, D.A., Tan, Y.P., Thompson, E.H., van der Linde, E., Walker, A.K., Walker, D.M., Wickes, B.L., Wong, P.T.W. & Groenewald, J.Z. (2014) Fungal Planet description sheets: 214–280. Persoonia : Molecular Phylogeny and Evolution of Fungi 32: 184–306. https://doi.org/10.3767/003158514X682395
  9. Crous, P.W., Wingfield, M.J., Burgess, T.I., Carnegie, A.J., St.J. Hardy, G.E., Smith, D., Summerell, B.A., Cano-Lira, J.F., Guarro, J., Houbraken, J., Lombard, L., Martín, M.P., Sandoval-Denis, M., Alexandrova, A.V., Barnes, C.W., Baseia, I.G., Bezerra, J.D.P., Guarnaccia, V., May, T.W., Hernández-Restrepo, M., Stchigel, A.M., Miller, A.N., Ordoñez, M.E., Abreu, V.P., Accioly, T., Agnello, C., Agustincolmán, A., Albuquerque, C.C., Alfredo, D.S., Alvarado, P., Araújo-Magalhães, G.R., Arauzo, S., Atkinson, T., Barili, A., Barreto, R.W., Bezerra, J.L., Cabral, T.S., Rodríguez, F. Camello, Cruz, R.H.S.F., Daniëls, P.P., da silva, B.D.B., de Almeida, D.A.C., de Carvalhojúnior, A.A., Decock, C.A., Delgat, L., Denman, S., Dimitrov, R.A., Edwards, J., Fedosova, A.G., Ferreira, R.J., Firmino, A.L., Flores, J.A., García, D., Gené, J., Giraldo, A., Góis, J.S., Gomes, A.A.M., Gonçalves, C.M., Gouliamova, D.E., Groenewald, M., Guéorguiev, B.V., Guevara-Suarez, M., Gusmão, L.F.P., Hosaka, K., Hubka, V., Huhndorf, S.M., Jadan, M., Jurjevi, Kraak, B., Kuera, V., Kumar, T.K.A., Kušan, I., Lacerda, S.R., Lamlertthon, S., Lisboa, W.S., Loizides, M., Luangsa-Ard, J.J., Lysková, P., Maccormack, W.P., Macedo, D.M., Machado, A.R., Malysheva, E.F., Marinho, P., Matoec, N., Meijer, M., Meši, A., Mongkolsamrit, S., Moreira, K.A., Morozova, O.V., Nair, K.U., Nakamura, N., Noisripoom, W., Olariaga, I., Oliveira, R.J.V., Paiva, L.M., Pawar, P., Pereira, O.L., Peterson, S.W., Prieto, M., Rodríguez-Andrade, E., Rojodeblas, C., Roy, M., Santos, E.S., Sharma, R., Silva, G.A., Souza-Motta, C.M., Takeuchi-Kaneko, Y., Tanaka, C., Thakur, A., Smith, M.TH., Tkalec, Z., Valenzuela-Lopez, N., Vanderkleij, P., Verbeken, A., Viana, M.G., Wang, X.W. & Groenewald, J.Z. (2017) Fungal Planet description sheets: 625–715. Persoonia: Molecular Phylogeny and Evolution of Fungi 39: 270–467. https://doi.org/10.3767/persoonia.2017.39.11
  10. D’Souza, M. & Bhat, D.J. (2002) Didymobotryum spirillum, a new synnematous hyphomycete from India. Mycologia 94 (5): 535–538. https://doi.org/10.1080/15572536.2003.11833218
  11. Gamble, J.S. (1896) The Bambuseae of British India. Annals of the Royal Botanic Garden (Calcutta) 7: 125
  12. Glass, N.L. & Donaldson, G. (1995) Development of primer sets designed for use with PCR to amplify conserved genes from filamentous ascomycetes. Applied and Environmental Microbiology 61: 1323–1330. https://doi.org/10.1128/aem.61.4.1323-1330.1995
  13. Hall, T.A. (1999) BioEdit: a user- friendly biological sequence alignment editor and analysis program for Windows 95/98/NT. Nucleic Acids Symposium Series 41: 95–98. https://doi.org/10.11646/phytotaxa.314.2.6.
  14. Hawksworth, D.L. (2012) Managing and coping with names of pleomorphic fungi in a period of transition. IMA Fungus 3: 15–24. https://doi.org/10.5598/imafungus.2012.03.01.03
  15. Huson, D.H. (1998) SplitsTree: Analyzing and visualizing evolutionary data. Bioinformatics 14: 68–73. https://doi.org/10.1093/bioinformatics/14.1.68
  16. Huson, D.H. & Bryant, D. (2006) Application of phylogenetic networks in evolutionary studies. Molecular Biology and Evolution 23: 254–267. https://doi.org/10.1093/molbev/msj030
  17. Jeewon, R. & Hyde, K.D. (2016) Establishing species boundaries and new taxa among fungi: recommendations to resolve taxonomic ambiguities. Mycosphere 7 (11): 1669–1677. https://doi.org/10.5943/mycosphere/7/11/4
  18. Kalyaanamoorthy, S., Minh, B.Q., Wong, T.K.F., von Haeseler, A. & Jermiin, L.S. (2017) ModelFinder: Fast model selection for accurate phylogenetic estimates. Nature Methods 14: 587–589. https://doi.org/10.1038/nmeth.4285
  19. Katoh, K., Rozewicki, J. & Yamada, K.D. (2019) MAFFT online service: multiple sequence alignment, interactive sequence choice and visualization. Briefings in Bioinformatics 20: 1160–1166. https://doi.org/10.1093/bib/bbx108
  20. Kornerup, A. & Wanscher, J.H. (1978) Methuen Handbook of Colour. 3rd edn. London (UK): Methuen.
  21. Kumar, S., Stecher, G. & Tamura, K. (2016) MEGA7: molecular evolutionary genetics analysis version 7.0 for bigger datasets. Molecular biology and evolution 33 (7): 1870–1874. https://doi.org/10.1093/molbev/msw054
  22. Lad, S., Rajeshkumar, K.C., Sruthi, O.P., Ashtekar, N., Ansil, A.P., Verma, R.K. & Wijayawardene, N.N. (2022) Resolving the phylogenetic placement of Gangliostilbe in the family Xenospadicoidaceae (Xenospadicoidales). MycoAsia 2022/01. https://doi.org/10.59265/mycoasia.2022-01
  23. Larsson, A. (2014) Aliview a fast and lightweight alignment viewer and editor for large data sets. Bioinformatics 30 (22): 3267–3278. https://doi.org/10.1093/bioinformatics/btu531
  24. Liu, Y.J., Whelen, S. & Hall, B.D. (1999) Phylogenetic relationships among ascomycetes: evidence from an RNA polymerase II subunit. Molecular biology and evolution 16: 1799–1808. https://doi.org/10.1093/oxfordjournals.molbev.a026092
  25. Lombard, L., Houbraken, J., Decock, C., Samson, R.A., Meijer, M., Réblová, M., Groenewald, J.Z. & Crous, P.W. (2016) Generic hyper-diversity in Stachybotriaceae. Persoonia-Molecular Phylogeny and Evolution of Fungi 36 (1): 156–246. https://doi.org/10.3767/003158516X691582
  26. McNeill, J., Turland, N.J., Barrie, F.R., Buck, W.R., Demoulin, V., Greuter, W., Hawksworth, D.L., Herendeen, P.S., Knapp, S., Marhold, K., Prado, J., Prud’homme van Reine, W.F., Smith, G.F. & Wiersema, J.H. (Eds.) (2012) International Code of Nomenclature for algae, fungi, and plants (Melbourne Code): Adopted by the Eighteenth International Botanical Congress Melbourne, Australia, July 2011. [Regnum Vegetabile 154] Koeltz Scientific Books, Königstein. 240 pp.
  27. Minh, B.Q., Schmidt, H.A., Chernomor, O., Schrempf, D., Woodhams, M.D., Von Haeseler, A. & Lanfear, R. (2020) IQ-TREE 2: new models and efficient methods for phylogenetic inference in the genomic era. Molecular biology and evolution 37 (5): 1530–1534. https://doi.org/10.1093/molbev/msaa015
  28. Morgulis, A., Coulouris, G., Raytselis, Y., Madden, T.L., Agarwala, R. & Schäffer, A.A., (2008) Database indexing for production MegaBLAST searches. Bioinformatics 24 (16): 1757–1764. https://doi.org/10.1093/bioinformatics/btn322
  29. Nag Raj TR. (1993) Coelomyceous anamorphs with appendage-bearing conidia. Mycologue Publications, Waterloo, Ontario, Canada.
  30. Nguyen, L.T., Schmidt, H.A., von Haeseler, A. & Minh, B.Q. (2015) IQ-TREE: a fast and efective stochastic algorithm for estimating maximum-likelihood phylogenies. Molecular Biology and Evolution 32 (1): 268–274. https://doi.org/10.1093/molbev/msu300
  31. Nylander, J.A.A. (2004) MrModeltest (version 2.2). Available from: http://www.abc.se/~nylander/ (accessed 3 December 2024)
  32. Pem, D., Jeewon, R., Chethana, K.W.T., Hongsanan, S., Doilom, M., Suwannarach, N. & Hyde, K.D. (2021) Species concepts of Dothideomycetes: classification, phylogenetic inconsistencies and taxonomic standardization. Fungal Diversity 109 (1): 283–319. https://doi.org/10.1007/s13225-021-00485-7
  33. Quaedvlieg, W., Binder, M., Groenewald, J.Z., Summerell, B.A., Carnegie, A.J., Burgess, T.I. & Crous, P.W. (2014) Introducing the consolidated species concept to resolve species in the Teratosphaeriaceae. Persoonia: Molecular Phylogeny and Evolution of Fungi 33: 1–40. https://doi.org/10.3767/003158514X681981
  34. Rajeshkumar, K.C. Bhat, D.J., Lad, S.S., Wijayawardene, N.N., Singh, S.K., Pandkar, M.R., Maurya, D.K., Ashtekar, N.D. & Hyde, K.D. (2018) Morphology and phylogeny of Tamhinispora srinivasanii sp. nov. (Tubeufiaceae) from northern Western Ghats, India. Phytotaxa 346 (1): 113–120. https://doi.org/10.11646/phytotaxa.346.1.7
  35. Rajeshkumar, K.C. Hyde, K.D., Wijayawardene, N.N., Madrid, H., Lad, S.S., Boonmee, S. & Shahnoor, F. (2019) Tubeufia sahyadriensis (Tubeufiaceae), a new dictyosporous anamorph from the Western Ghats, India. Phytotaxa 423 (3): 171–181. https://doi.org/10.11646/phytotaxa.423.3.5
  36. Rajeshkumar, K.C., Braun, U., Groenewald, J.Z., Lad, S.S., Ashtekar, N., Fatima, S. & Anand, G. (2021) Phylogenetic placement and reassessment of Asperisporium pongamiae as Pedrocrousiella pongamiae gen. et comb. nov. (Mycosphaerellaceae). Fungal Systematics and Evolution 7: 165–176. https://doi.org/10.3114/fuse.2021.07.08
  37. Rajeshkumar, K.C., Kajale, S., Sutar, S.A., Singh, S.K. (2012) Ellisembia karadkensis sp. nov. from the Western Ghats, India. Mycotaxon 121: 181–186. https://doi.org/10.5248/121.181
  38. Rajeshkumar, K.C., Sharma, R., Hepat, R.P., Swami, S.V., Singh, P.N., Singh, S.K. (2011) Morphology and molecular studies on Pseudocercospora kamalii sp. nov. a foliar pathogen on Terminalia from India. Mycotaxon 117: 227–237. https://doi.org/10.5248/117.227
  39. Rajeshkumar, K.C., Varma, R.K., Sruthi, O.P., Gautam, A.K. & Crous, P.W. (2023) Groenewaldia (Lentitheciaceae), a new corticolous fungal genus from India. Mycological Progress 22: 43. https://doi.org/10.1007/s11557-023-01888-3
  40. Rambaut, A. (2010) FigTree v1. 3.1. Institute of Evolutionary Biology. University of Edinburgh, Edinburgh, United Kingdom. Available from: http://tree.bio.ed.ac.uk/software/figtree (accessed 3 December 2024)
  41. Rehner, S.A. & Buckley, E. (2005) A Beauveria phylogeny inferred from nuclear ITS and EF1-α sequences: evidence for cryptic diversification and links to Cordyceps teleomorphs. Mycologia 97 (1): 84–98. https://doi.org/10.3852/mycologia.97.1.84
  42. Ronquist, F., Teslenko, M., van der Mark, P., Ayres, D.L., Darling, A., Höhna, S., Larget, B., Liu, L., Suchard, M.A. & Huelsenbeck, J.P. (2012) MrBayes 3.2: efficient Bayesian phylogenetic inference and model choice across a large model space. Systematic biology 61 (3): 539–542. https://doi.org/10.1093/sysbio/sys029
  43. Saccardo, P.A. (1886) Sylloge Hyphomycetum. Sylloge Fungorum 4: 1–807.
  44. Senanayake, I.C., Rathnayaka, A.R., Marasinghe, D.S., Calabon, M.S., Gentekaki, E., Lee, H.B., Hurdeal, V.G., Pem, D., Dissanayake, L.S., Wijesinghe, S.N., Bundhun, D., Nguyen, T.T., Goonasekara, I.D., Abeywickrama, P.D., Bhunjun, C.S., Jayawardena, R.S., Wanasinghe, D.N., Jeewon, R., Bhat, D.J. & Xiang, M.M. (2020) Morphological approaches in studying fungi: collection, examination, isolation, sporulation and preservation. Mycosphere 11: 2678–2754. https://doi.org/10.5943/mycosphere/11/1/20.
  45. Sruthi, O.P., Rajkumar, S., Rajeshkumar, K.C., Verma, R.K., Gautam, A.K., Narula, B., Wijayawardene, N.N., Tibpromma, S. & Karunarathna, S.C. (2023) A phylogenetic reappraisal of Excipulariopsis narsapurensis in Wiesneriomycetaceae, Tubeufiales. Phytotaxa 607 (5): 273–290. https://doi.org/10.11646/phytotaxa.607.5.2
  46. Sruthi, O.P., Rajeshkumar, K.C., Gowrav, S.M., Ansil, P.A. & Ashtamoorthy, S.K. (2024) Morphological and phylogenetic evidence for recognition of a new species of Kirschsteiniothelia, K. agumbensis and validation of five new combinations in Kirschsteiniotheliaceae. Phytotaxa 649 (2): 159–181. https://doi.org/10.11646/phytotaxa.649.2.2
  47. Subramanian, C.V. & Bhat, D.J. (1987) Hyphomycetes from South India I. Some New Taxa. Kavaka 15 (1–2): 41–74.
  48. Tulloch, M. (1972) The genus Myrothecium Tode ex Fr. Mycological Papers 130: 1–42.
  49. Vaidya, G., Lohman, D.J. & Meier, R. (2011) SequenceMatrix: concatenation software for the fast assembly of multi‐gene datasets with character set and codon information. Cladistics 27 (2): 171–180. https://doi.org/10.1111/j.1096-0031.2010.00329.x
  50. Vilgalys, R. & Hester, M. (1990) Rapid genetic identification and mapping of enzymatically amplified ribosomal DNA from several Cryptococcus species. Journal of Bacteriology 172: 4238–4246. https://doi.org/10.1128/jb.172.8.4238-4246.1990
  51. White, T.J., Bruns, T., Lee, J. & Taylor, J. (1990) Amplification and direct sequencing of fungal ribosomal RNA genes for phylogenetics. In: Innis, M.A., Gelfand, D.H., Sninsky, J.J. & White, T.J. (Eds.) PCR protocols: a guide to methods and applications. Academic Press, San Diego, pp. 315–322. https://doi.org/10.1016/B978-0-12-372180-8.50042-1
  52. Wijayawardene, N.N., Hyde, K.D., Dai, D.Q., Sánchez-García.M., Goto, B.T., Saxena, R.K., Erdoğdu, M., Selçuk, F., Rajeshkumar, K.C., Aptroot, A., Błaszkowski, J., Boonyuen, N., da Silva, G.A., de Souza, F.A., Dong, W., Ertz, D., Haelewaters, D., Jones, E.B.G., Karunarathna, S.C., Kirk, P.M., Kukwa, M., Kumla, J., Leontyev, D.V., Lumbsch, H.T., Maharachchikumbura, S.S.N., Marguno, F., Martínez-Rodríguez, P., Mešić, A., Monteiro, J.S., Oehl, F., Pawłowska, J., Pem, D., Pfliegler, W.P., Phillips, A.J.L., Pošta, A., He, M.Q., Li, J.X., Raza, M., Sruthi, O.P., Suetrong, S., Suwannarach, N., Tedersoo, L., Thiyagaraja, V., Tibpromma, S., Tkalčec, Z., Tokarev, Y.S., Wanasinghe, D.N., Wijesundara, D.S.A., Wimalaseana, S.D.M.K., Madrid, H., Zhang, G.Q., Gao, Y., Sánchez-Castro, I., Tang, L.Z., Stadler, M., Yurkov, A. & Thines, M. (2022) Outline of Fungi and fungus-like taxa—2021. Mycosphere 13: 53–453. https://doi.org/10.5943/mycosphere/13/1/2