Skip to main content Skip to main navigation menu Skip to site footer
Type: Article
Published: 2024-10-22
Page range: 131-140
Abstract views: 59
PDF downloaded: 4

Rediscovery of Portulaca trianthemoides (Portulacaceae) in southern Africa after 89 years

KwaZulu-Natal Herbarium, South African National Biodiversity Institute, P.O. Box 52099, Berea Road, Durban, 4007 South Africa
Randles Nursery, eThekwini Municipality, Durban, 4001 South Africa
School of Life Sciences, University of KwaZulu-Natal, Private Bag X54001, Durban, 4000 South Africa
Caryophyllales lectotypification rediscovering typification Eudicots

Abstract

Portulaca trianthemoides was described in 1931 and known previously only from the type locality in Soutpansberg, Limpopo, South Africa. It has not been collected since 1934; however, a recent rediscovery of the species led us to investigate the name (typification) and propose an emended description. Some aspects of the ecology of the species are also discussed, and first images of live plants are provided. Despite its restricted distribution area, an estimation of the population size is more than c. 15,000 individuals, suggesting that the species is not of conservation concern.

References

  1. Adamson, J.S. (1962) The South African species of Aizoaceae, 12: Sesuvium, Trianthema, Zaleya. Journal of South African Botany 28: 243–253.
  2. Applequist, W.L. & Wallace, R.S. (2001) Phylogeny of the portulacaceous cohort based on ndhF sequence data. Systematic Botany 26: 406–419. https://doi.org/10.1043/0363-6445-26.2.406
  3. Bremekamp, C.E.B. (1933) New or otherwise noteworthy plants from the northern Transvaal. Annals of the Transvaal Museum 15: 233–264. https://hdl.handle.net/10520/AJA00411752_605
  4. Brown, N.E. (1909) List of plants collected in Ngamiland and the northern part of the Kalahari Desert, chiefly in the neighbourhood of Kwebe and along the Botletle and Lake Rivers. Bulletin of Miscellaneous Information, Royal Gardens, Kew 3: 91 pp. https://doi.org/10.2307/4111525
  5. Burgoyne, P.M. & Potter, L. (2005) Portulaca trianthemoides Bremek. National Assessment: Red List of South African Plants version 2017.1. Available from: http://redlist.sanbi.org/species.php?species=3975-14 (accessed 31 January 2018)
  6. Dallas, W.S. (1852) List of the specimens of hemipterous insects in the collection of the British Museum: Part II. Taylor & Francis Incorporated, London, 494 pp.
  7. Danin, A., Baker, I. & Baker, H.G. (1978) Cytogeography and taxonomy of the Portulaca oleracea L. polyploid complex. Israel Journal of Botany 27: 177–211.
  8. Danin, A., Domina, G. & Raimondo, F. M. (2008) Microspecies of the Portulaca oleracea aggregate found on major Mediterranean islands (Sicily, Cyprus, Crete, Rhodes). Flora Mediterranea 18: 89–107.
  9. Danin, A., Buldrini, F., Mazzanti, M.B., Bosi, G., Caria, M.C., Dandria, D., Lanfranco, E., Mifsud, S. & Bagella, S. (2016) Diversification of Portulaca oleracea L. complex in the Italian peninsula and adjacent islands. Botany Letters 163: 261–272. https://doi.org/10.1080/23818107.2016.1200482
  10. Gagliano, M. & Renton, M. (2013) Love thy neighbour: facilitation through an alternative signalling modality in plants. BMC Ecology 13: 19. https://doi.org/10.1186/1472-6785-13-19
  11. Geesink, R. (1969) An account of the genus Portulaca in Indo-Australia and the Pacific (Portulacaceae). Blumea 17: 294–298.
  12. Glen, H.F. & Germishuizen, G. (2010) Botanical exploration of southern Africa, edition 2. Strelitzia 26. South African National Biodiversity Institute, Pretoria.
  13. Hahn, N. (2002) Endemic flora of the Soutpansberg. University of Natal, Pietermaritzburg. Unpublished Master’s thesis.
  14. Hahn, N. (2019) Indigenous vascular plants of the Soutpansberg, South Africa. Bothalia 49: 1–5. Available from: https://hdl.handle.net/10520/EJC-16f1d5d48d (accessed 21 October 2024)
  15. Hershkovitz, M.A. & Zimmer, E.A. (1997) On the evolutionary origins of the cacti. Taxon 46: 217–232. https://doi.org/10.2307/1224092
  16. Hooker, W.J. (1829) Portulaca grandiflora. Large-flowered purslane. Curtis’s Botanical Magazine 56: t. 2885.
  17. IUCN (2022) Guidelines for Using the IUCN Red List Categories and Criteria. Version 15.1 (July) Prepared by the Standards and Petitions Subcommittee. Available from: https://www.iucnredlist.org/resources/redlistguidelines (accessed 31 October 2023)
  18. Kalaisekar, P.G., Padmaja, V.R. & Bhagwat, J.V. (2017) Insect pests of millets: systematics, bionomics and management. Indian Institute of Millets Research (ICAR), Hyderabad. Available from: http://krishi.icar.gov.in/jspui/handle/123456789/7860 (accessed 21 October 2024)
  19. Karban, R. & Shiojiri, K. (2009) Self-recognition affects plant communication and defense. Ecology Letters 12: 502–506. https://doi.org/10.1111/j.1461-0248.2009.01313.x
  20. Kunth, C.S. (1823) Nova Genera et Species Plantarum, vol. 6. Lutetiae Parisiorum, 72 pp.
  21. Legrand, D. (1958) Desmembracion del genero Portulaca II. Comunicaciones botánicas del Museo de Historia Natural (Montevideo) 3: 1–17.
  22. Legrand, D. (1962) Las especies americanas de Portulaca. Anales del Museo Nacional (Montevideo) 7: 1–147.
  23. Linnaeus, C. (1753) Species plantarum. Vols. 1‒2. Stockholm, Sweden: Laurentius Salvius. 1200 pp. https://doi.org/10.5962/bhl.title.669
  24. Linnaeus, C. (1767) Mantissa Plantarum: Generum editionis VI. et specierum editionis II, vol. 1. Salvii, Stockholm, 445 pp.
  25. Matthews, J.F. & Levins, P.A. (1985) The genus Portulaca in the southeastern United States. Castanea 50: 96–104.
  26. Matthews, J.F., Ketron, D.W. & Zane, S.F. (1992) Portulaca umbraticola Kunth (Portulacaceae) in the United States. Castanea 57: 202–208. [https://www.jstor.org/stable/4033134]
  27. Mucina, L. & Rutherford, M.C. (2006) The vegetation of South Africa, Lesotho and Swaziland. Strelitzia 19. South African National Biodiversity Institute, Pretoria.
  28. Mulla, S.K. & Swamy, P. (2010) Preliminary pharmacognostical and phytochemical evaluation of Portulaca quadrifida Linn. International Journal of Pharmtech Research 2: 1699–1702.
  29. Nyffeler, R. (2007) The closest relatives of cacti: Insights from phylogenetic analyses of chloroplast and mitochondrial sequences with special emphasis on relationships in the tribe Anacampseroteae. American Journal of Botany 94: 89–101. https://doi.org/10.3732/ajb.94.1.89
  30. Nyffeler, R. & Eggli, U. (2010) Disintegrating Portulacaceae: a new familial classification of the suborder Portulacineae (Caryophyllales) based on molecular and morphological data. Taxon 59: 227–240. https://doi.org/10.1002/tax.591021
  31. Obermeyer, A.A., Schweickerdt, H.G. & Verdoorn, I.C. (1937) An enumeration of plants collected in the northern Transvaal. Bothalia 3: 223–255.
  32. Ocampo, G. (2015) Systematic implications of seed morphological diversity in Portulacaceae (Caryophyllales). Plant Systematics and Evolution 301: 1215–1226. https://doi.org/10.1007/s00606-014-1146-1
  33. Ocampo, G. & Columbus, J.T. (2012) Molecular phylogenetics, historical biogeography, and chromosome number evolution of Portulaca (Portulacaceae). Molecular Phylogenetics and Evolution 63: 97–112. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.ympev.2011.12.017
  34. Peckover, R. (2021) Portulaca waterbergensis (Portulacaceae), an unusual new species from the Waterberg, Limpopo Province, South Africa. CactusWorld 39: 327–330.
  35. Phillips, S.M. (2002) Portulacaceae. In: Beentje, H.J. (Ed.) Flora of Tropical East Africa. A.A. Balkema, Rotterdam.
  36. Pinto, C.E. & Schlindwein, C. (2015) Pollinator sharing and low pollen–ovule ratio diminish reproductive success in two sympatric species of Portulaca (Portulacaceae). Studies on Neotropical Fauna and Environment 50: 4–13. https://doi.org/10.1080/01650521.2014.972187
  37. Poellnitz von, K. (1934) Versuch eine Monographie der Gattung Portulaca L. Feddes Repertorium: Journal of Botanical Taxonomy and Geobotany 37: 240–320. https://doi.org/10.1002/fedr.19340371403
  38. POWO (2024) Plants of the World Online. Available from: http://www.plantsoftheworldonline.org/ (accessed 26 August 2024)
  39. Quantum Geographic Information System (QGIS) Development Team (2022) QGIS geographic information system. Open Source Geospatial Foundation Project.
  40. Rad, M.A., Sajedi, S. & Domina, G. (2017) First data on the taxonomic diversity of the Portulaca oleracea aggregate (Portulacaceae) in Iran. Turkish Journal of Botany 41: 535–542. https://doi.org/10.3906/bot-1611-43
  41. Schinz, H. (1900) Portulaca hereroensis. Mémoires de l’Herbier Boissier 20: 18.
  42. Simopoulos, A.P., Norman, H.A., Gillaspy, J.E. & Duke, J.A. (1992) Common purslane: a source of omega-3 fatty acids and antioxidants. Journal of the American College of Nutrition 11: 374–382. https://doi.org/10.1080/07315724.1992.10718240
  43. Sonder, O.W. (1862) Portulacaceae. In: Harvey, W.H. & Sonder, O.W. (Eds.) Flora Capensis; being a systematic description of the plants of the Cape Colony, Caffraria, & Port Natal. Vol. 2. Cambridge University Press, Dublin, London, Cape Town, pp. 381–386.
  44. South African National Biodiversity Institute (2006–2018) The Vegetation Map of South Africa, Lesotho and Swaziland, Mucina, L., Rutherford, M.C., Powrie, L.W. (Eds.) Online. [http://bgis.sanbi.org/Projects/Detail/186 Version 2018]
  45. South African National Biodiversity Institute (2016) Plants of southern Africa (POSA) website. Available from: http://www.posa.sanbi.org/ (accessed 24 January 2023)
  46. Stål, C. (1860) Hemiptera. Species novas descripsit. In: Virgin, C.A. (Ed.) Kongliga Svenska Fregattens Eugenies Resa Omkring Jorden, under befäl af C.A. Virgin. Åren 1851-53. III Zoologi, Insekter. Norstedt, Stockholm. 236 pp. https://doi.org/10.5962/bhl.title.2467
  47. Turland, N.J., Wiersema, J.H., Barrie, F.R., Greuter, W., Hawksworth, D.L., Herendeen, P.S., Knapp, S., Kusber, W.-H., Li, D.-Z., Marhold, K., May, T.W., McNeill, J., Monro, A.M., Prado, J., Price, M.J. & Smith, G.F. (Eds.) (2018) International Code of Nomenclature for algae, fungi, and plants (Shenzhen Code) adopted by the Nineteenth International Botanical Congress Shenzhen, China, July 2017. [Regnum Vegetabile 159]. Koeltz Botanical Books, Glashütten, 254 pp. https://doi.org/10.12705/Code.2018
  48. Wild, H. (1961) Portulacaceae L. In: Exell, A.W. & Wild, H. (Eds.) Flora Zambesiaca, vol. 1. Royal Botanic Gardens, Kew, pp. 362–372.
  49. Wright, C.A. (2012) Mediterranean vegetables: a cook’s compendium of all the vegetables from the world’s healthiest cuisine, with more than 200 recipes. Harvard Common Press. Boston, Massachusetts, 416 pp.