Abstract
Xanthoceras sorbifolium (yellowhorn) is an endemic edible oil crop in China. A novel Neocucurbitaria species associated with dead stems of yellowhorn in Jilin Province (northeast China) is described and illustrated. It is characterized by stromata with 1–5 locules and a subhyaline pycnidial wall under the inner layer. Full morphological details and a comparison with closely related species are also provided. The new species differs from the closely related species N. ribicola, N. rhamni, N. rhamnicola and N. rhamnioides by its distinct conidiogenous cells and conidia. Phylogenetic analysis (maximum likelihood and Bayesian inference method) of combined ITS, LSU, rpb2, tef1-α and tub2 sequence data reveal that two strains of the fungus differ from all other species of Neocucurbitaria (Cucurbitariaceae). Therefore, we introduce N. subribicola as a new species, and this is the first report of the asexual morph of Neocucurbitaria in China
References
- Benson, D.A., Cavanaugh, M., Clark, K., Karsch-Mizrachi, I., Ostell, J., Pruitt, K.D. & Sayers, E.W. (2018) GenBank. Nucleic Acids Research 46 (D1): D41–D47. https://doi.org/10.1093/nar/gkx1094
- Carbone, I. & Kohn, L.M. (1999) A method for designing primer sets for speciation studies in filamentous ascomycetes. Mycologia 91: 553–556. https://doi.org/10.1080/00275514.1999.12061051
- Crous, P.W., Wingfield, M.J., Burgess, T.I., Hardy, G.E., Crane, C., Barrett, S., Cano-Lira, J.F., Le, Roux, J.J., Thangavel, R., Guarro, J., Stchigel, A.M., Martín, M.P., Alfredo, D.S., Barber, P.A., Barreto, R.W., Baseia, I.G., Cano-Canals, J., Cheewangkoon, R., Ferreira, R.J., Gené, J., Lechat, C., Moreno, G., Roets, F., Shivas, R.G., Sousa, J.O., Tan, Y.P., Wiederhold, N.P., Abell, S.E., Accioly, T., Albizu, J.L., Alves, J.L., Antoniolli, Z.I., Aplin, N., Araújo, J., Arzanlou, M., Bezerra, J.D., Bouchara, J.P., Carlavilla, J.R., Castillo, A., Castroagudín, V.L., Ceresini, P.C., Claridge, G.F., Coelho, G., Coimbra, V.R., Costa, L.A., da Cunha, K.C, da Silva, S.S., Daniel, R., de Beer, Z.W., Dueñas, M., Edwards, J., Enwistle, P., Fiuza, P.O., Fournier, J., García, D., Gibertoni, T.B., Giraud, S., Guevara-Suarez, M., Gusmão, L.F., Haituk, S., Heykoop, M., Hirooka, Y., Hofmann, T.A., Houbraken, J., Hughes, D.P., Kautmanová, I., Koppel, O., Koukol, O., Larsson, E., Latha, K.P., Lee, D.H., Lisboa, D.O., Lisboa, W.S., López-Villalba, Á., Maciel, J.L., Manimohan, P., Manjón, J.L., Marincowitz, S., Marney, T.S., Meijer, M., Miller, A.N., Olariaga, I., Paiva, L.M., Piepenbring, M., Poveda-Molero, J.C., Raj, K.N., Raja, H.A., Rougeron, A., Salcedo, I., Samadi, R., Santos, T.A., Scarlett, K., Seifert, K.A., Shuttleworth, L.A., Silva, G.A., Silva, M., Siqueira, J.P., Souza-Motta, C.M., Stephenson, S.L., Sutton, D.A., Tamakeaw, N., Telleria, M.T., Valenzuela-Lopez, N., Viljoen, A., Visagie, C.M., Vizzini, A., Wartchow, F., Wingfield, B.D., Yurchenko, E., Zamora, J.C. & Groenewald, J.Z. (2016) Fungal planet description sheets: 469–557. Persoonia 37: 218–403. https://doi.org/10.3767/003158516X694499
- Crous, P.W., Schumacher, R.K., Akulov, A., Thangavel, R., Hernández-Restrepo, M., Carnegie, A.J., Cheewangkoon, R., Wingfield, M.J., Summerell, B.A., Quaedvlieg, W., Coutinho, T.A., Roux, J., Wood, A.R., Giraldo, A. & Groenewald, J.Z. (2019) New and interesting fungi. 2. Fungal Systematics and Evolution 3: 57–134. https://doi.org/10.3114/fuse.2019.03.06
- Darriba, D., Taboada, G.L., Doallo, R. & Posada, D. (2012) jModelTest 2: more models, new heuristics and parallel computing. Nature Methods 9 (8): 772. https://doi.org/10.1038/nmeth.2109
- de Gruyter, J., Woudenberg, J.H., Aveskamp, M.M., Verkley, G.J., Groenewald, J.Z. & Crous, P.W. (2010) Systematic reappraisal of species in Phoma section Paraphoma, Pyrenochaeta and Pleurophoma. Mycologia 102 (5): 1066–1081. https://doi.org/10.3852/09-240
- Hong, S.M., Das, K., Lim, S.K., Suh, S.J., Lee, S.Y. & Jung, HY. (2023) Neocucurbitaria chlamydospora sp. nov.: a novel species of the family Cucurbitariaceae isolated from a stink bug in Korea. Mycobiology 51 (3): 115–121. https://doi.org/10.1080/12298093.2023.2203973
- Jaklitsch, W.M. & Voglmayr, H. (2020) Fenestelloid clades of the Cucurbitariaceae. Persoonia 44: 1–40. https://doi.org/10.3767/persoonia.2020.44.01
- Jaklitsch, W.M., Checa, J., Blanco, M.N., Olariaga, I., Tello, S. & Voglmayr, H. (2018) A preliminary account of the Cucurbitariaceae. Studies in Mycology 90: 71–118. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.simyco.2017.11.002
- Jayasiri, S.C., Hyde, K.D., Ariyawansa, H.A., Bhat, J. & Promputtha, I. (2015) The faces of fungi database: fungal names linked with morphology, phylogeny and human impacts. Fungal Diversity 74 (1): 3–18. https://doi.org/10.1007/s13225-015-0351-8
- Katoh, K., Rozewicki, J. & Yamada, K.D. (2019) MAFFT online service: multiple sequence alignment, interactive sequence choice and visualization. Briefings in Bioinformatics 20: 1160–1166. https://doi.org/10.1093/bib/bbx108
- Larsson, A. (2014) AliView: a fast and lightweight alignment viewer and editor for large datasets. Bioinformatics 30: 3276–3278. https://doi.org/10.1093/bioinformatics/btu531
- Li, W.L., Liang, R.R., Dissanayake, A.J. & Liu, J.K. (2023) Mycosphere notes 413–448: Dothideomycetes associated with woody oil plants in China. Mycosphere 14 (1): 1436–1529 https://doi.org/10.5943/mycosphere/14/1/16
- Liang, Q., Li, H.Y., Li, S.K., Yuan, F.L., Sun, J.F., Duan, Q.C., Li, Q.Y., Zhang, R., Sang, Y.L., Wang, N., Hou, X.W., Yuan, K.Q., Liu, J.N. & Yang, L. (2019) The genome assembly and annotation of yellowhorn (Xanthoceras sorbifolium Bunge). GigaScience 8 (6): giz071. https://doi.org/10.1093/gigascience/giz071
- Liu, Y.J., Whelen, S. & Hall, B.D. (1999) Phylogenetic relationships among ascomycetes: evidence from an RNA polymerase II subunit. Molecular Biology and Evolution 16: 1799–1808. https://doi.org/10.1093/oxfordjournals.molbev.a026092
- Magaña-Dueñas, V., Stchigel, A.M. & Cano-Lira, J.F. (2021) New coelomycetous fungi from freshwater in Spain. Journal of Fungi 7 (5): 368. https://doi.org/10.3390/jof7050368.
- O'Donnell, K., Cigelnik, E., Weber, N.S. & James, M.T. (1997) Phylogenetic relationships among ascomycetous truffles and the true and false morels inferred from 18S and 28S ribosomal DNA sequence analysis. Journal of Molecular Evolution 89: 48–65. https://doi.org/10.1080/00275514.1997.12026754
- Payam, E., Mehdi, M.K. & Pedro, W.C. (2024) A revision of the family Cucurbitariaceae with additional new taxa from forest trees in Iran. Mycological Progress 23: 15. https://doi.org/10.1007/s11557-024-01953-5
- Punithalingam, E. & English, M.P. (1975) Pyrenochaeta unguis-hominis on human toenails. Transactions of the British Mycological Society 64 (3): 539–541. https://doi.org/10.1016/S0007-1536(75)80163-X
- Rambaut, A. (2018) FigTree v.1.4.4. University of Edinburgh, Edinburgh.
- Rehner, S.A. & Buckley, E. (2005) A Beauveria phylogeny inferred from nuclear ITS and EF1-α sequences: evidence for cryptic diversification and links to Cordyceps teleomorphs. Mycologia 97: 84–98. https://doi.org/10.1080/15572536.2006.11832842
- Ronquist, F., Teslenko, M., Van Der Mark, P., Ayres, D.L., Darling, A., Höhna, S., Larget, B., Liu, L., Suchard, M.A. & Huelsenbeck, J.P. (2012) Mrbayes 3.2: efficient Bayesian phylogenetic inference and model choice across a large model space. Systematic Biology 61: 539–542. https://doi.org/10.1093/sysbio/sys029
- Senanayake, I., Rathnayaka, A., Sandamali, D., Calabon, M. & Vedprakash, H.G. (2020) Morphological approaches in studying fungi: collection, examination, isolation, sporulation and preservation. Mycosphere 11 (1): 2678–2754. https://doi.org/10.5943/mycosphere/11/1/20
- Su, W.X., Xu, R., Bhunjun, C.S., Tian, S., Dai, Y., Li, Y. & Phukhamsakda, C. (2022) Diversity of ascomycota in Jilin: introducing novel woody litter taxa in Cucurbitariaceae. Journal of Fungi 8 (9): 905. https://doi.org/10.3390/jof8090905
- Vaidya, G., Lohman, D.J. & Meier, R. (2011) SequenceMatrix: concatenation software for the fast assembly of multi‐gene datasets with character set and codon information. Cladistics 27: 171–180. https://doi.org/10.1111/j.1096-0031.2010.00329.x
- Valenzuela-Lopez, N., Cano-Lira, J.F., Guarro, J., Sutton, D.A., Wiederhold, N., Crous, P.W. & Stchigel, A.M. (2018) Coelomycetous Dothideomycetes with emphasis on the families Cucurbitariaceae and Didymellaceae. Studies in Mycology 90: 1–69. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.simyco.2017.11.003
- Valenzuela-Lopez, N., Cano-Lira, J.F., Stchigel, A.M., Rivero-Menendez, O., Alastruey-Izquierdo, A. & Guarro, J. (2019) Neocucurbitaria keratinophila: an emerging opportunistic fungus causing superficial mycosis in Spain. Medical Mycology 57 (6): 733–738. https://doi.org/10.1093/mmy/myy132.
- Vilgalys, R. & Hester, M. (1990) Rapid genetic identification and mapping of enzymatically amplified ribosomal DNA from several Cryptococcus species. Journal of Bacteriology 172: 4238–4246. https://doi.org/10.1128/jb.172.8.4238-4246.1990
- Wanasinghe, D.N, Phookamsak, R., Jeewon, R., Li, W.J., Hyde, K.D., Jones, E.B.G., Camporesi, E. & Promputtha, I. (2017) A family level rDNA based phylogeny of Cucurbitariaceae and Fenestellaceae with descriptions of new Fenestella species and Neocucurbitaria gen. nov. Mycosphere 8: 397–414. https://doi.org/10.5943/mycosphere/8/4/2
- White, T.J., Bruns, T.D., Lee, S.B. & Taylor, J.W. (1990) Amplification and direct sequencing of fungal ribosomal RNA genes for phylogenetics. PCR protocols: a guide to methods and applications 18 (1): 315–322. https://doi.org/10.0000/PMID1793
- Wijayawardene, N.N., Hyde, K.D., Dai, D.Q., Sánchez-García, M., Goto, B.T. & Magurno, F. (2022) Outline of Fungi and fungus-like taxa—2021. Mycosphere 13 (1): 53–453. https://doi.org/10.5943/mycosphere/13/1/2
- Winter, H.G. (1885) Pilze. II. Abtheilung. Ascomyceten: Gymnoasceen und Pyrenomyceten. In: Rabenhorst, G.L. (Ed.) Rabenhorst’s Kryptogamen-Flora von Deutschland, Oesterreich und der Schweiz, 2nd ed. Kummer, Leipzig, pp. 65–528. https://doi.org/10.5962/bhl.title.1356.
- Xu, R., Su, W.X., Wang, Y., Tian, S.Q., Li, Y. & Phukhamsakda, C. (2024a) Morphological characteristics and phylogenetic evidence reveal two new species and the first report of Comoclathris (Pleosporaceae, Pleosporales) on dicotyledonous plants from China. MycoKeys 101: 95–112. https://doi.org/10.3897/mycokeys.101.113040
- Xu, R., Xie, M.L., Su, W.X., Tian, S.Q., Li, Y. & Phukhamsakda, C. (2024b) Four new records of botryosphaerialean fungi from Xanthoceras sorbifolium. Microbiology China 1–16. https://doi.org/10.13344/j.microbiol.china.230855.
- Zang, E.H., Qiu, B., Chen, N.H., Li, C.F., Liu, Q., Zhang, M., Liu, Y.C. & Li, M.H. (2021) Xanthoceras sorbifolium Bunge: a review on botany, phytochemistry, pharmacology, and applications. Frontiers in Pharmacology 12: 708549. https://doi.org/10.3389/fphar.2021.708549
- Zhao, Z., Liang, C.J., Zhang, W., Yang, Y.Y., Bi, Q.X., Yu, H.Y. & Wang, L.B. (2024) Genome-wide association analysis identifies a candidate gene controlling seed size and yield in Xanthoceras sorbifolium Bunge. Horticulture Research 11 (1): 243. https://doi.org/10.1093/hr/uhad243