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Issue: Vol. 687 No. 2: 18 Feb. 2025
Type: Article
Published: 2025-02-18
DOI: 10.11646/phytotaxa.687.2.3
Page range: 201-240
Abstract views: 203
PDF downloaded: 9

A review and analysis of names and designations published in Kalanchoe (Crassulaceae subfam. Cotyledonoideae) (when, where, by whom, and from where did the material originate) between 1801 and 1908, when the final part of Raymond-Hamet’s two-part monograph was published

Ria Olivier Herbarium, Department of Botany, Nelson Mandela University, P.O. Box 77000, Gqeberha, 6031 South Africa.
botanical history taxonomic status Eudicots

Abstract

Although the validly published and legitimate genus name Kalanchoe (Crassulaceae subfam. Cotyledonoideae) dates from 1763, the first species names and combinations in the genus were only published in the early 1800s. Adanson, the author of the genus name, did not himself validly publish any species names therein. Between 1801 and January 1908, when the second part of Hamet’s two-part monograph of Kalanchoe appeared in print, a total of 154 new names, new combinations, and designations were published in the genus, mostly at the rank of species. [Hamet later changed his name to Raymond-Hamet, i.e., by hyphenating his first name and surname.] These 154 names and designations were essentially the ones that Hamet considered in his monograph published in November 1907 and January 1908. Note though that by 1907, when the monograph was submitted for publication, names for six genus-rank taxa had already been published for species today included in Kalanchoe. These synonyms are: (1) Vereia (1798); (2) Bryophyllum (1805) [the basionym of K. subg. Bryophyllum (1919)]; (3) Physocalycium (1820); (4) Baumgartenia (1821); (5) Meristostylus (1861); and (6) Kitchingia (1881) [the basionym of K. subg. Kitchingia (2018)]. A seventh genus name, (7) Geaya (1908), was only published in 1908, the year in which the second (and final) part of Hamet’s monograph appeared in print. Names published in the first six genera were therefore also taken into account in the monograph. Of the 141 names—the other 13 were designations—validly published in Kalanchoe up to the publication of Hamet’s monograph in 1907 and 1908, 71 are today treated as accepted species: virtually exactly 50%. The 13 designations, i.e., not validly published ‘names’, published by 1908 do not feature in priority considerations. Overall, Hamet’s approach to the taxonomy of Kalanchoe was rather conservative and he recognised only 52 species and one nothospecies, with a further 10 species treated as “Species non satis notæ”. Taxonomic and nomenclatural complications that arose from Hamet’s monographic interpretation of the taxonomy of Kalanchoe are highlighted and discussed.

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  99. Haworth, A.H. (1812) Synopsis plantarum succulentarum, cum descriptionibus, synonymis, locis; observationibus anglicanis, culturaque. [Kalenchoe, sic. Kalanchoe, on pp. 109–110; Bryophyllum on p. 110.] Typis Richardi Taylor et Socii, Shoe-Lane, Londoni, 334 pp.; including ‘Appendix’. [https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/38208#page/118/mode/1up]
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  108. Hooker, J.D. & Thomson, T. (1858) Præcursores ad floram indicam; being sketches of the natural families of Indian plants, with remarks on their distribution, structure and affinities (with a plate.) [Nat. Ord. Crassulaceæ. Gen. IV. Kalanchoe, Adans. treated on p. 91.] Journal of the Proceedings of the Linnean Society of London II: 1–29, [continued from p. 29 of the volume] 54–103, [continued from p. 103 of the volume] 163–180. [https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/8352#page/303/mode/1up]
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  114. Klotzsch, J.F. (1861 [‘1862’]) Contortae. Endlicher. Meristostylus Klotzsch. In: Peters, W.C.H. (Eds.) Naturwissenschaftliche Reise nach Mossambique: auf Befehl Seiner Majestät des Königs Friedrich Wilhelm IV, in den Jahren 1842 bis 1848 ausgeführt von Wilhelm C.H. Peters. Botanik. [...]. I. Abtheilung. [Volume 6, in two parts.] Druck und Verlag von Georg Reimer, Berlin, pp. 267–270; whole work iv + 304 pp. + 48 plates. [https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/page/36335691#page/270/mode/1up]
  115. Koorders, S.H. (1919 [Mai], [‘24 October 1918’]) Beitrag zur Kenntniss der Flora von Java No. 18. Beschreibung von Kalanchoë Schumacheri vom Idjen-Plateau und Revision der Crassulaceae von Java. (Mit 2 lithographischen Tafeln.). Bulletin du Jardin Botanique de Buitenzorg, sér. 3, 1 (3): 169–180, Figures 14 and 15. [https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/27173#page/205/mode/1up (text); https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/27173#page/243/mode/1up (figures)]
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  117. Kuntze, [C.E.]O. (1891 [5 November]) Revisio Generum Plantarum: vascularium omnium atque cellularium multarum secundum leges nomeclaturae internationales cum enumeratione plantarum exoticarum in itinere mundi collectarum [...] Commissionen. Pars 1. [60. Crassulaceae on pp. 228–232.] Arthur Felix, Leipzig, Dulau & Co., London, U. Hoepli, Milano, Gust. E. Schechert, New York, & Charles Klincksieck, Paris, 374 pp. [https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/page/784870#page/386/mode/1up]
  118. Kurz, W.S. (1877 [19 April]) XVI.—Contributions towards a knowledge of the Burmese flora [continued from volume XLIV, p. 190 and to be continued]. [Bryophyllum Salisb. and Kalanchoe Adans. treated on p. 309.] Journal of the Asiatic Society of Bengal. Part 2. Natural History, &c. (Calcutta [Kolkata]) 45 (4): 204–310. [https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/114186#page/325/mode/1up]
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  120. Lange, Joh.[M.C.] (1878) Udvalg af de i Københavns botaniske haves frøfortegnelser for 1854–75 beskrevne nye arter, på ny gennemgåede og forsynede med afbildninger, (Hertil tavle II–V). [Kalanchoe integerrima Lange on p. 139.] Botanisk Tidsskrift [Tredie række. Andet Bind] (Ser. 3, Part 1): 131–143 + Plates II–V. [https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/181405#page/155/mode/1up (text); https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/181405#page/165/mode/1up (illustration)]
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  123. Maire, R. (1977) Kalanchoe Adanson (1763) Rosales: Crassulaceae. In: Quézel,P.[A.] (Ed.) Flore de l’Afrique de Nord (Maroc, Algérie, Tunisie, Tripolitaine, Cyrénaïque et Sahara). Vol. XIV. Rhoeadales: Cruciferae fin Resedaceae. Sarraceniales: Droseraceae. Rosales: Crassulaceae. Éditions Paul Lechevalier éditeur S.A.R.L., 19, rue Augereau, 19, Paris, pp. 239–241, 251–252, 263. [https://archive.org/details/flore-afrique-du-nord/Vol%2014%20Flore%20de%20l%27Afrique%20Du%20Nord%20Maroc%20Algerie%20Tunisie%20Tripolitaine%20Cyrenaique%20Et%20Sahara%20R-Maire-1977/page/n119/mode/2up]
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  149. Royal Botanic Gardens, Kew. (1931) Hand-list of tender dicotyledons and Gnetaceae cultivated in the Royal Botanic Gardens, Kew. Second edition. [Kalanchoe insignis (N.E.Br.) N.E.Br. on p. 109.] Printed for H. M. Stationery Office, by Wyman, London, 200 pp. [https://babel.hathitrust.org/cgi/pt?id=coo.31924001677487&view=1up&seq=137]
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  151. Schinz, H. (1888) Beiträge zur Kenntnis der Flora von Deutsch-Südwest-Afrika und der angrenzenden Gebiete II. [Crassulaceae Benth. et Hook. Gen. Plant. LX on pp. 172–173.] Verhandlungen des Botanischen Vereins der Provinz Brandenburg 30: 138–186. [https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/page/33724373#page/242/mode/1up]
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  154. Schönland, S. (1891) Crassulaceae. In: Engler, A. & Prantl, K. (Eds.) Die natürlichen Pflanzenfamilien nebst ihren Gattungen und wichtigeren Arten insbesondere den Nutzpflanzen bearbeitet unter Mitwirkung zahlreicher hervorragender Fachgelehrten von A. Engler und K. Prantl. III. Teil. 2. Abteilung a. [Podostemaceae von E. Warming; Crassulaceae von S. Schönland; Cephalotaceae, Saxifragaceae, Cunoniaceae von A. Engler; Myrothamnaceae von F. Niedenzu; Pittosporaceae von F. Pax; Hamamelidaceae, Bruniaceae, Platanaceae von F. Niedenzu]. Verlag von Wilhelm Engelmann, Leipzig, pp. 23–38. [https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/100217#page/31/mode/1up]
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  156. Schweinfurth, G.[A.] (1892) Crassulaceae. 141. Calenchoe [sic, Kalanchoe] ndorensis Schwf. sp. n. aff. glaucescentii Bak. [K. ndorensis Schweinf. described on p. 865.] In: L.R. von Höhnel, Reise Zum Rudolph-See und Stephanie-See. Die Forschungsreise des Grafen Samuel Teleki in Ost-Aequatorial-Afrika 1887–1888. Anhang. A. Aus den Jagdtagebuch des Grafen S. Teleki. Alfred Hölder, k. u. k. Hof- und Universitäts-Buchhändler, Vienna, pp. 817–872; whole work 960 pp. [https://archive.org/details/zumrudolphseeun00telegoog/page/n939]
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  158. Scott Elliot, G.F. (1891 [22 August]) New and little known Madagascar plants, collected and enumerated by G.F. Scott Elliot, M.A., B.Sc. F.L.S. The Journal of the Linnean Society, Botany XXIX(197): 1–67, with Plates I–XII. [https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/8386#page/9/mode/1up]
  159. Senni, L. (1905 [Gennaio marzo, 31 marzo]) Piante della Colonia Eritrea coltivate nel R. Orto Botanico di Palermo. Bolletino del R. [Reale] Orto Botanico di Palermo IV(Fase 1): 5–14. [https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/126472#page/9/mode/1up]
  160. Smith, G.F. (2019) Notes on Kalanchoe ×houghtonii (Crassulaceae subfam. Kalanchooideae), an early hybrid between two species of K. subg. Bryophyllum. Haseltonia 26: 78–85. https://doi.org/10.2985/026.026.0111
  161. Smith, G.F. (2020a) The kalanchoes (Crassulaceae subfam. Kalanchooideae) of Raymond-Hamet (1890–1972). Bradleya 38: 120–140. https://doi.org/10.25223/brad.n38.2020.a15
  162. Smith, G.F. (2020b) Nomenclature of the partial infrageneric classification proposed for Kalanchoe (Crassulaceae subfam. Kalanchooideae) by René C.J.E. Maire in 1976 [sic; 1977]. Phytotaxa 468 (2): 231–235. https://doi.org/10.11646/phytotaxa.468.2.8
  163. Smith, G.F. (2021a) Reinstatement of Kalanchoe [subg. Bryophyllum] sect. Alatae (Crassulaceae subfam. Kalanchooideae) for K. porphyrocalyx and K. uniflora, two Madagascan endemics. Bradleya 39: 177–181. https://doi.org/10.25223/brad.n39.2021.a17
  164. Smith, G.F. (2021b) How Kalanchoe marmorata (Crassulaceae subfam. Kalanchooideae), a distinctive central and east African species, received its name, and the later, valid publication of K. macrantha by Maire. Phytotaxa 502 (1): 93–100. https://doi.org/10.11646/phytotaxa.502.1.7
  165. Smith, G.F. (2022a) The taxonomy of Kalanchoe marmorata Baker (Crassulaceae subfam. Kalanchooideae), a distinctive African species, revisited. Phytotaxa 538 (2): 100–112. https://doi.org/10.11646/phytotaxa.538.2.2
  166. Smith, G.F. (2022b) Taxonomic and nomenclatural notes on Kalanchoe bentii (Crassulaceae subfam. Kalanchooideae). Phytotaxa 555 (2): 178–186. https://doi.org/10.11646/phytotaxa.555.2.6
  167. Smith, G.F. (2022c) Kalanchoe sect. Raveta (Crassulaceae subfam. Kalanchooideae) of Raymond-Hamet (1916): a long-overlooked name in K. subg. Kalanchoe. Phytotaxa 550 (2): 208–212. https://doi.org/10.11646/phytotaxa.550.2.10
  168. Smith, G.F. (2023a [April]) (2947) Proposal to reject the name Bryophyllum triangulare (Crassulaceae: Kalanchooideae). Taxon 72 (2): 435–436. https://doi.org/10.1002/tax.12922
  169. Smith, G.F. (2023b) Taxonomy and nomenclature of Kalanchoe tomentosa (Crassulaceae subfam. Kalanchooideae), a variable, completely hairy species from Madagascar. Phytotaxa 609 (4): 289–300. https://doi.org/10.11646/phytotaxa.609.4.5
  170. Smith, G.F. (2023c) A review of exotic Kalanchoe taxa (Crassulaceae subfam. Kalanchooideae) naturalised and cultivated in Africa and the Gulf of Guinea islands, with their nomenclature updated. Phytotaxa 613 (1): 1–28. https://doi.org/10.11646/phytotaxa.613.1.1
  171. Smith, G.F. (2023d) The ‘woody clade’ in Kalanchoe: reinstatement and amendment of K. subg. Calophygia (Crassulaceae subfam. Kalanchooideae) published by Bernard Marie Descoings in 2006. Phytotaxa 616 (2): 113–127. https://doi.org/10.11646/phytotaxa.616.2.1
  172. Smith, G.F. (2023e) A reassessment of combinations previously proposed or published for Kalanchoe subg. Alatae (Crassulaceae subfam. Kalanchooideae) and its valid publication at the rank of subgenus. Phytotaxa 585 (1): 61–66. https://doi.org/10.11646/phytotaxa.585.1.7
  173. Smith, G.F. (2023f) A review of the infrageneric classifications proposed for Kalanchoe (Crassulaceae subfam. Kalanchooideae) from the earliest times up to 2000. Phytotaxa 619 (1): 1–38. https://doi.org/10.11646/phytotaxa.619.1.1
  174. Smith, G.F. (2023g) The taxonomy and nomenclature of Kalanchoe ×kewensis [K. bentii × K. glaucescens] (Crassulaceae subfam. Kalanchooideae), a nothospecies produced at the Royal Botanic Gardens, Kew, in the early 1900s. Phytotaxa 618 (3): 274–282. https://doi.org/10.11646/phytotaxa.618.3.5
  175. Smith, G.F. (2023h) A nomenclatural and taxonomic review of the names and new combination published between 1886 and 1931 in Kalanchoe (Crassulaceae subfam. Kalanchooideae) by British botanist Nicholas Edward Brown (1849–1934). Phytotaxa 630 (4): 266–280. https://doi.org/10.11646/phytotaxa.630.4.2
  176. Smith, G.F. (2024a) The unranked infrageneric names validly published in Kalanchoe (Crassulaceae subfam. Kalanchooideae) by Alwin Berger in 1930 revisited, with publication of five names at the rank of section and one at the rank of subgenus. Phytotaxa 635 (4): 276–286. https://doi.org/10.11646/phytotaxa.635.4.2
  177. Smith, G.F. (2024b) Notes on the nomenclature of the genus name Vereia, the earliest-published synonym of Kalanchoe, and the species published in Vereia (Crassulaceae subfam. Kalanchooideae). Phytotaxa 636 (1): 20–34. https://doi.org/10.11646/phytotaxa.636.1.2
  178. Smith, G.F. (2024c) Finally disposing of the ‘names’ published in Kalanchoe (Crassulaceae subfam. Kalanchooideae) by Nathaniel Wallich (1786–1854) in 1831 and 1832. Phytotaxa 647 (3): 287–293. https://doi.org/10.11646/phytotaxa.647.3.5
  179. Smith, G.F. (2024d) The name to be used for the most invasive species of Kalanchoe globally finally resolved: nomenclature and taxonomy of the Malagasy Kalanchoe delagoensis (Crassulaceae subfam. Cotyledonoideae). Phytotaxa 672 (3): 225–241. https://doi.org/10.11646/phytotaxa.672.3.1
  180. Smith, G.F. (2024e) A review and analysis of the infrageneric classifications published or used for Kalanchoe (Crassulaceae subfam. Kalanchooideae) from 2001 to the present, with reference to those published up to 2000. Phytotaxa 635 (4): 245–275. https://doi.org/10.11646/phytotaxa.635.4.1
  181. Smith, G.F. (2025a) Revisiting the nomenclature and taxonomy associated with the name Kalanchoe ceratophylla (Crassulaceae subfam. Cotyledonoideae). Phytotaxa. [In press]
  182. Smith, G.F. (2025b) A review and analysis of names and designations published for species and varieties of Kalanchoe (Crassulaceae subfam. Cotyledonoideae) by Adolf Engler (1844–1930) between 1892 and 1913. Phytotaxa 682 (1): 1–28. https://doi.org/10.11646/phytotaxa.682.1.1
  183. Smith, G.F. & Crouch, N.R. (2024) Kalanchoe steyniae (Crassulaceae subfam. Kalanchooideae; K. [subg. Kalanchoe sect. Raveta] ser. Rotundifoliae), a new, small-growing, shrubby species from eastern southern Africa. Phytotaxa 659 (3): 268–276. https://doi.org/10.11646/phytotaxa.659.3.4
  184. Smith, G.F. & Figueiredo, E. (2017) Notes on Kalanchoe rotundifolia (Haw.) Haw. (Crassulaceae) in southern Africa: the taxonomy of a species complex. Haseltonia 23: 57–71. https://doi.org/10.2985/026.023.0109
  185. Smith, G.F. & Figueiredo, E. (2018a) The infrageneric classification and nomenclature of Kalanchoe Adans. (Crassulaceae), with special reference to the southern African species. Bradleya 36: 162–172. https://doi.org/10.25223/brad.n36.2018.a10
  186. Smith, G.F. & Figueiredo, E. (2018b) Nomenclatural notes on Kalanchoe pinnata (Lam.) Pers. (Crassulaceae). Bradleya 36: 220–223. https://doi.org/10.25223/brad.n36.2018.a18
  187. Smith, G.F. & Figueiredo, E. (2019a) A new status and combination in a Madagascan Kalanchoe, K. beauverdii var. juelii (Crassulaceae subfam. Kalanchooideae). Phytotaxa 414 (2): 119–120. https://doi.org/10.11646/phytotaxa.414.2.4
  188. Smith, G.F. & Figueiredo, E. (2019b) Aspects of the nomenclature of four names in Kalanchoe Adans. (Crassulaceae): Kalanchoe rosea C.B.Clarke, K. bouvieri Raym.-Hamet & H.Perrier, K. rosei Raym.-Hamet & H.Perrier, and K. rosea A.Chev. Bradleya 37: 133–140. https://doi.org/10.25223/brad.n37.2019.a8
  189. Smith, G.F. & Figueiredo, E. (2019c) The taxonomy of Kalanchoe laxiflora Baker, a Madagascan species of Crassulaceae. Bradleya 37: 118–124. https://doi.org/10.25223/brad.n37.2019.a6
  190. Smith, G.F. & Figueiredo, E. (2021) Taxonomic and nomenclatural notes on Kalanchoe hauseri Werderm. (Crassulaceae subfam. Kalanchooideae) from Angola, with notes on Friedrich Welwitsch’s collecting activities in the country. Bradleya 39: 182–187. https://doi.org/10.25223/brad.n39.2021.a18
  191. Smith, G.F. & Figueiredo, E. (2022a) Refining the circumscription of a variable species: epitypification of the name Kalanchoe rotundifolia (Crassulaceae subfam. Kalanchooideae). Phytotaxa 555 (1): 109–112. https://doi.org/10.11646/phytotaxa.555.1.9
  192. Smith, G.F. & Figueiredo, E. (2022b) Nomenclatural and taxonomic notes on the names published in Kalanchoe (Crassulaceae subfam. Kalanchooideae) by Drake del Castillo in 1903. Phytotaxa 547 (2): 158–166. https://doi.org/10.11646/phytotaxa.547.2.3
  193. Smith, G.F. & Figueiredo, E. (2023a) Names validly published in Kalanchoe (Crassulaceae subfam. Kalanchooideae) by Louis-René ‘Edmond’ Tulasne in 1857, with reference to names proposed in sched. by Hilsenberg and Bojer for two Malagasy species, and with notes on the type of the name K. tubiflora. Phytotaxa 584 (4): 275–284. https://doi.org/10.11646/phytotaxa.584.4.4
  194. Smith, G.F. & Figueiredo, E. (2023b) A review and analysis of the use of epithets in infrageneric, species, and infraspecific names in Kalanchoe (Crassulaceae subfam. Kalanchooideae): trends in the plant naming game. Phytotaxa 618 (3): 213–242. https://doi.org/10.11646/phytotaxa.618.3.1
  195. Smith, G.F. & Figueiredo, E. (2024) A review and analysis of the early nomenclature and taxonomy associated with the genus name Kalanchoe (Crassulaceae subfam. Kalanchooideae), published by Michel Adanson (1727–1806) in 1763, with notes on the late-18th century taxonomy of the genus. Phytotaxa 633 (2): 108–124. https://doi.org/10.11646/phytotaxa.633.2.2
  196. Smith, G.F., Figueiredo, E. & Crouch, N.R. (2018) The taxonomy of Kalanchoe hirta Harv. and K. crenata (Andrews) Haw. (Crassulaceae), and reinstatement of K. hirta as a distinctive, endemic species from southern and south-tropical Africa. Haseltonia 24: 40–50. https://doi.org/10.2985/026.024.0107
  197. Smith, G.F., Figueiredo, E. & Van Wyk, A.E. (2019) Kalanchoe (Crassulaceae) in southern Africa. Classification, biology, and cultivation. Academic Press, an imprint of Elsevier, London, San Diego, Cambridge (USA), and Oxford, x, 328 pp. https://doi.org/10.1016/B978-0-12-814007-9.00003-7
  198. Smith, G.F. & Monro, A.M. (2022a) The nomenclature and taxonomy of Crassulaceae subfam. Kalanchooideae resolved. Phytotaxa 555 (3): 241–251. https://doi.org/10.11646/phytotaxa.555.3.3
  199. Smith, G.F. & Monro, A.M. (2022b) (2908) Proposal to reject the name Crassulaceae subfam. Cotyledonoideae (Crassulaceae). Taxon 71 (4): 910–911. https://doi.org/10.1002/tax.12778
  200. Smith, G.F. & Monro, A.M. (2024a) “Parting is such sweet sorrow [...]”, or the perils of publishing papers in parts: the case of the nomenclatural novelties published by Raymond Hamet (1890–1972) in his two-part monograph (1907, 1908) of Kalanchoe (Crassulaceae subfam. Kalanchooideae), with special reference to the new names and new combinations treated (but not first published) in part 2. Phytotaxa 645 (2): 149–162. https://doi.org/10.11646/phytotaxa.645.2.4
  201. Smith, G.F. & Monro, A.M. (2024b) The name for the subfamily containing Kalanchoe is Crassulaceae subfam. Cotyledonoideae, and not Crassulaceae subfam. Kalanchooideae, with amendment of the circumscription of Crassulaceae subfam. Cotyledonoideae. Phytotaxa 672 (3): 293–298. https://doi.org/10.11646/phytotaxa.672.3.7
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How to Cite

Smith, G.F. (2025) A review and analysis of names and designations published in Kalanchoe (Crassulaceae subfam. Cotyledonoideae) (when, where, by whom, and from where did the material originate) between 1801 and 1908, when the final part of Raymond-Hamet’s two-part monograph was published. Phytotaxa 687 (2): 201–240. https://doi.org/10.11646/phytotaxa.687.2.3