Abstract
Gynoxys is a very diverse genus of Asteraceae with an Andean distribution from Venezuela to northern Argentina. It comprises about 130 species, 34 of which are recorded in Ecuador. In the present study, we describe Gynoxys revolutifolia, a new species occurring in Ecuador between Loja and Zamora-Chinchipe provinces. The new species is a shrub or treelet characterized by coriaceous leaves with a strongly revolute margin. After an accurate revision of the main Ecuadorian herbaria and field surveys, we provide a comprehensive comparison of G. revolutifolia with the species it was previously misidentified as. We also provide information concerning the chemical composition, distribution range and conservation status of the new species.
References
- Ansaloni, R., Izco, J., Amigo, J. & Minga, D. (2022) Analysis of the Páramo vascular flora in the Cajas National Park Central Andes, Ecuador. Mediterranean Botany 43: 1–42. https://doi.org/10.5209/mbot.76491
- Bachman, S. & Moat, J. (2012) GeoCAT—an open source tool for rapid red list assessments. BGjournal 9 (1): 11–13. [https://www.jstor.org/stable/24811237]
- Beltrán, H. & Calvo, J. (2020) A new species of Nordenstamia (Compositae, Senecioneae) from central Peru. Phytotaxa 474 (3): 293–297. https://doi.org/10.11646/phytotaxa.474.3.8
- Cabrera, A.L. (1974) Especies nuevas o críticas de la Flora Jujeña. VI. Boletín de la Sociedad Argentina de la Botánica15 (4): 319–339.
- Camel, V., Quispe-Melgar, H.R., Ames-Martínez, F.N., Navarro-Romo, W.C., Segovia-Salcedo, M.C. & Kessler, M. (2019) Forest structure of three endemic species of the genus Polylepis (Rosaceae) in central Perú. Ecología Austral 29 (3): 285–295. https://doi.org/10.25260/EA.19.29.3.0.812
- Carrión-Paladines, V., Benítez, Á. & García-Ruíz, R. (2022) Conversion of Andean montane forest to exotic forest plantation modifies soil physicochemical properties in the buffer zone of Ecuador’s Podocarpus National Park. Forest Ecosystems 9: e1000076. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.fecs.2022.100076
- Cassini, A.H.G. (1827) Sénécionées, Senecioneae. In: Cuvier, F. (Ed.) Dictionnaire des sciences naturelles, dans lequel on traite méthodiquement des différens êtres de la nature, 2nd ed., vol. 48(2). F.G. Levrault, Strasbourg & Le Normant, Paris, pp. 446–466.
- Cuatrecasas J (1951) Contributions to the Flora of South America. Studies on Andean Compositae—II. Fieldiana: Botany 27 (2): 1–74. https://doi.org/10.5962/bhl.title.2414
- Cuatrecasas, J. (1954) New species of Compositae from Ecuador, collected by W.H. Camp. Brittonia 8 (1): 39–49. https://doi.org/10.2307/2804909
- Cuatrecasas, J. (1955) A new genus and other novelties in Compositae. Britonia 8 (2): 151–163. https://doi.org/10.2307/2804857
- Dumortier, B.C.J. (1827) Florula Belgica. J.Casterman, Tournay, 172 pp.
- Escobari, B. (2023) Molecular Phylogeny, Evolution and Biogeography of the Andean Gynoxyoid Group (Compositae, Asteroideae—Senecioneae). PhD thesis. Berlin: Freie Universität Berlin. [https://refubium.fu-berlin.de/handle/fub188/37499]
- Escobari, B., Borsch, T. & Kilian, N. (2023) Generic concepts and species diversity within the Gynoxyoid clade (Senecioneae, Compositae). PhytoKeys 234: 61–106. https://doi.org/10.3897/phytokeys.234.107750
- Gradstein, S.R., Kessler, M., Lehnert, M., Abyi, M., Homeier, J, Mandl, N., Makeschin, F. & Richter, M. (2008) Vegetation, climate, and soil of the unique Purdiaea forest of southern Ecuador. ECOTROPICA 14: 15–26.
- Herrera, B. (1980) Revision de las especies peruanas del género Gynoxys (Compositae). Boletin de la Sociedad Peruana de Botanica 8 (1): 3–74.
- IUCN Standards and Petitions Committee (2022) Guidelines for Using the IUCN red List Categories and Criteria. Version 15. Prepared by the Standards and Petitions. Committee. [https://www.iucnredlist.org/resources/redlistguidelineshttp://www.iucnredlist.org/documents/redListGuidelines.pdf]
- Izco, J., Pulgar, Í., Aguirre, J. & Santin, Z. (2007) Estudio florístico de los Páramos de pajonal meridionales de Ecuador. Revista Peruana de Biología 14 (2): 237–246. https://doi.org/10.15381/rpb.v14i2.1783
- Jadán, O., Cedillo, H., Tapay, W., Pangol, I., Quizphe, W. & Cabrera, O. (2022) Successional Forest stages influence the composition and diversity of vascular epiphytes communities from Andean Montane Forests. Ecological Indicators 143 (8): e109366. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.ecolind.2022.109366
- Jørgensen, P.M. & León-Yánez, S. (Eds.) (1999) Catalogue of the Vascular Plants of Ecuador. Monographs in systematic botany from the Missouri Botanical Garden 75: i–viii, 1–1181.
- Keating, P.L. (2000) Chronically Disturbed Paramo at a Site in Southern Ecuador. Journal of the Torrey Botanical Society 127 (2): 162. https://doi.org/10.2307/3088693
- León-Yánez, S., Valencia, R., Pitman, N., Endara, L., Ulloa-Ulloa, C. & Navarrete, H. (Eds.) (2011) Libro rojo de las plantas endémicas del Ecuador, 2ª edición. Publicaciones del Herbario QCA, Pontificia Universidad Católica del Ecuador, Quito, 440 pp.
- Linnaeus, C. (1753) Species Plantarum, vol. 2. L.Salvius, Stockholm, pp. 561–1200. [https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/page/358887#page/308/mode/1up]
- Lozano, P. & Bussmann, R. (2005) Importancia de los deslizamientos en el Parque Nacional Podocarpus, Loja, Ecuador. Revista Peruana de Biología 12 (2): 195–202. https://doi.org/10.15381/rpb.v12i2.2393
- Lundin, R. (2006) Nordenstamia Lundin (Compositae—Senecioneae), a new genus from the Andes of South America. Compositae Newsletter 44: 14–18.
- Maldonado, Y.E., Malagón, O., Cumbicus, N. & Gilardoni G.A. (2023) New Essential Oil from the Leaves of Gynoxys rugulosa Muschl. (Asteraceae) Growing in Southern Ecuador: Chemical and Enantioselective Analyses. Plants 12 (4): e849. https://doi.org/10.3390/plants12040849
- Montalvo, J., Minga, D., Verdugo, A., López, J., Guazhambo, D., Pacheco, D., Siddons, D., Crespo, A. & Zárate, E. (2018) Características morfológico-funcionales diversidad arbórea tasa de crecimiento y de secuestro de carbono en especies y ecosistemas de Polylepis del sur de Ecuador. Ecología Austral 28 (1): 249–261. https://doi.org/10.25260/EA.18.28.1.1.557
- Muschler, R. (1913) Compositae perv. et boliv. II. Botanische Jahrbucher für Systematik, Pflanzengeschichte und Pflanzengeographie 50 (2/3, Beibl. 111): 76–96.
- Nordenstam, B. (1978) Taxonomic studies in the tribe Senecioneae (Compositae). Opera Botanica 44: 1–83.
- Nordenstam, B. (2007) XII. Tribe Senecioneae Cass. In: Kadereit, J.W. & Jeffrey, C. (Eds.) The Families and Genera of Vascular Plants, vol. 8: Flowering Plants, Eudicots, Asterales. Springer. Berlin, Heidelberg, New York, pp. 208–241.
- Nordenstam, B., Kadereit, J.W., Pelser, P.B. & Watson, L.E. (2009) Tribe Senecioneae. In: Funk, V.A., Susanna, A., Stuessy, T. & Bayer, T. (Eds.) Systematics, Evolution, and Biogeography of the Compositae. IATP, Viena, pp. 503–525.
- Quiroz, D.C., Marín, F., Arias, R., Crespo, P., Weber, M. & Palomeque, X. (2019) Comparison of natural regeneration in natural grassland and pine plantations across an elevational gradient in the Páramo ecosystem of southern Ecuador. Forests 10 (9): 1–30. https://doi.org/10.3390/f10090745
- Robinson, H. & Cuatrecasas, J. (1992) Additions to Aequatorium and Gynoxys (Asteraceae: Senecioneae) in Bolivia, Ecuador, and Peru. Novon 2 (4): 411–416. https://doi.org/10.2307/3391502
- Romoleroux, K., Muriel, P., Sklenář, P., Ulloa-Ulloa, C., Espinel, D. & Romoleroux, C. (2023) La flora de los Páramos ecuatorianos: orígenes, diversidad y endemismo. In: Hofstede, R., Mena-Vásconez, P. & Suárez, E. (Eds.) Los Páramos del Ecuador: Pasado, presente y futuro. USFQ PRESS, Quito, pp. 218–245.
- Sagastegui-Alva, A. & Dillon, M.O. (1985) Four new species of Asteraceae from Perú. Brittonia 37 (1): 6–13. https://doi.org/10.1007/BF02809659
- Schneider, C.A., Rasband, W.S. & Eliceiri, K.W. (2012) NIH Image to ImageJ: 25 years of image analysis. Nature Methods 9 (7): 671–675. https://doi.org/10.1038/nmeth.2089
- Thiers, B. (2023) Index Herbariorum: A global directory of public herbaria and associated staff. New York Botanical Garden’s Virtual Herbarium. Available from: http://sweetgum.nybg.org/ih/ (accessed 1 March 2023)