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Issue: Vol. 655 No. 1: 21 Jun. 2024
Type: Article
Published: 2024-06-21
DOI: 10.11646/phytotaxa.655.1.1
Page range: 1-20
Abstract views: 37
PDF downloaded: 1

Expanding and subdividing the southern and south-tropical African Kalanchoe [subg. Kalanchoe] sect. Raveta (Crassulaceae subfam. Kalanchooideae): description of K. [sect. Raveta] ser. Raveta, K. [sect. Raveta] ser. Longiflorae, and K. [sect. Raveta] ser. Rotundifoliae

Ria Olivier Herbarium, Department of Botany, Nelson Mandela University, P.O. Box 77000, Gqeberha, 6031 South Africa.
abruptly urceolate flowers Africa dense-flowered inflorescences elliptic flowers gradually urceolate flowers sparse-flowered inflorescences typification Eudicots

Abstract

Three series, Kalanchoe ser. Raveta, K. ser. Longiflorae, and K. ser. Rotundifoliae, are described in Kalanchoe [subg. Kalanchoe] sect. Raveta (Crassulaceae subfam. Kalanchooideae). The type species of all three series are indigenous to southern Africa. The first series, K. ser. Raveta, includes the robust, white-waxy kalanchoes with soup plate-sized leaves, dense-flowered, club-shaped inflorescences, and variously coloured (yellowish, whitish, greenish, and pinkish red) flowers. The second series, K. ser. Longiflorae, includes medium-sized to rather large shrubs with yellow flowers that generally do not, or hardly, show diurnal movement and do not become tightly twisted post-anthesis. The third series, K. ser. Rotundifoliae, includes small, generally low-growing, shrubby species with variously chromatic flowers (different shades of red, orange, and yellow, never white) that show distinct diurnal movement and with the flowers becoming tightly twisted post-anthesis.

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  74. Smith, G.F. (2023g) Kalanchoe neglecta. Crassulaceae subfam. Kalanchooideae. Flowering Plants of Africa 68: 82–91, t. 2388.
  75. Smith, G.F. (2023h) Kalanchoe ×estrelae. Crassulaceae subfam. Kalanchooideae. Flowering Plants of Africa 68: 106–119, t. 2390.
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  78. Smith, G.F. (2023k) In search of enhanced material: Kalanchoe ×toelkenii (Crassulaceae subfam. Kalanchooideae), a new South African nothospecies derived from Kalanchoe ×gunniae × K. sexangularis. Phytotaxa 619 (3): 241–249. https://doi.org/10.11646/phytotaxa.619.3.4
  79. Smith, G.F. (2024a) A review and analysis of the infrageneric classifications published or used for Kalanchoe (Crassulaceae subfam. Kalanchooideae) from 2001 to the present, with reference to those published up to 2000. Phytotaxa 635 (4): 245–275. https://doi.org/10.11646/phytotaxa.635.4.1
  80. Smith, G.F. (2024b) The unranked infrageneric names validly published in Kalanchoe (Crassulaceae subfam. Kalanchooideae) by Alwin Berger in 1930 revisited, with publication of five names at the rank of section and one at the rank of subgenus. Phytotaxa 635 (4): 276–286. https://doi.org/10.11646/phytotaxa.635.4.2
  81. Smith, G.F. (2025a) Kalanchoe longiflora. Crassulaceae subfam. Kalanchooideae. Flowering Plants of Africa 69. [in press]
  82. Smith, G.F. (2025b) Kalanchoe blossfeldiana. Crassulaceae subfam. Kalanchooideae. Flowering Plants of Africa 69. [in press]
  83. Smith, G.F. & Crouch, N.R. (2021) Kalanchoe benbothae (K. subg. Fernandesiae; Crassulaceae subfam. Kalanchooideae), a new southern African species endemic to KwaZulu-Natal in the Maputaland-Pondoland Region of Endemism. Phytotaxa 521 (2): 105–112. https://doi.org/10.11646/phytotaxa.521.2.4
  84. Smith, G.F. & Crouch, N.R. (2025) Kalanchoe benbothae. Crassulaceae subfam. Kalanchooideae. Flowering Plants of Africa 69. [in press]
  85. Smith, G.F., Crouch, N.R. & Figueiredo, E. (2016) Reinstatement of Kalanchoe montana Compton (Crassulaceae), a distinctive species from the Barberton Center of Endemism, eastern southern Africa. Haseltonia 22: 64–72. https://doi.org/10.2985/026.022.0112
  86. Smith, G.F., Crouch, N.R. & Figueiredo, E. (2021c) Kalanchoe crouchii. Crassulaceae subfam. Kalanchooideae. Mpumalanga, South Africa. Flowering Plants of Africa 67: 60–68, plate 2366.
  87. Smith, G.F. & Figueiredo, E. (2017a) The taxonomy of Kalanchoe longiflora Schltr. ex J.M.Wood (Crassulaceae), an endemic of South Africa’s Maputaland-Pondoland Region of Endemism. Bradleya 35: 122–128. https://doi.org/10.25223/brad.n35.2017.a11
  88. Smith, G.F. & Figueiredo, E. (2017b) Notes on Kalanchoe rotundifolia (Haw.) Haw. (Crassulaceae) in southern Africa: the taxonomy of a species complex. Haseltonia 23: 57–71. https://doi.org/10.2985/026.023.0109
  89. Smith, G.F. & Figueiredo, E. (2018a) The infrageneric classification and nomenclature of Kalanchoe Adans. (Crassulaceae), with special reference to the southern African species. Bradleya 36: 162–172. https://doi.org/10.25223/brad.n36.2018.a10
  90. Smith, G.F. & Figueiredo, E. (2018b) Kalanchoe crouchii Gideon F.Sm. & Figueiredo (Crassulaceae), a new species from the dolomites of the Wolkberg Centre of Endemism, Mpumalanga Province, South Africa. Haseltonia 25: 84–90. https://doi.org/10.2985/026.025.0107
  91. Smith, G.F. & Figueiredo, E. (2021a) The floristics and phytogeography of Kalanchoe Adans. (Crassulaceae subfam. Kalanchooideae) in the Waterberg Biosphere Reserve, northern South Africa. Bradleya 39: 207–220. https://doi.org/10.25223/brad.n39.2021.a22
  92. Smith, G.F. & Figueiredo, E. (2021b) (2852) Proposal to reject the name Kalanchoe aleurodes (Crassulaceae: Kalanchooideae). Taxon 70 (6): 1371–1372. https://doi.org/10.1002/tax.12632
  93. Smith, G.F. & Figueiredo, E. (2022a) Lectotypification of the name Kalanchoe wildii (Crassulaceae subfam. Kalanchooideae). Phytotaxa 538 (2): 157–162. https://doi.org/10.11646/phytotaxa.538.2.8
  94. Smith, G.F. & Figueiredo, E. (2022b) Refining the circumscription of a variable species: epitypification of the name Kalanchoe rotundifolia (Crassulaceae subfam. Kalanchooideae). Phytotaxa 555 (1): 109–112. https://doi.org/10.11646/phytotaxa.555.1.9
  95. Smith, G.F. & Figueiredo, E. (2022c) Kalanchoe klopperae (Crassulaceae subfam. Kalanchooideae), a southern African species newly distinguished from K. rotundifolia. Novon 30: 104–109. https://doi.org/10.3417/2022780
  96. Smith, G.F. & Figueiredo, E. (2022d) Kalanchoe ×sogae (Crassulaceae subfam. Kalanchooideae) derived from Kalanchoe lateritia × K. sexangularis, with notes on the inheritance of hairiness and resistance against phytophagous insects in Kalanchoe hybrids. Phytotaxa 572 (1): 97–106. https://doi.org/10.11646/phytotaxa.572.1.7
  97. Smith, G.F. & Figueiredo, E. (2023a) Kalanchoe luciae. Crassulaceae subfam. Kalanchooideae. Flowering Plants of Africa 68: 70–80, plate 2387.
  98. Smith, G.F. & Figueiredo, E. (2023b) Kalanchoe krigeae (K. subg. Kalanchoe; Crassulaceae subfam. Kalanchooideae), a new, small-growing species from northeastern South Africa split off from K. rotundifolia. Phytotaxa 603 (3): 280–288. https://doi.org/10.11646/phytotaxa.603.3.7
  99. Smith, G.F. & Figueiredo, E. (2025) Kalanchoe waterbergensis. Crassulaceae subfam. Kalanchooideae. Flowering Plants of Africa 69. [in press]
  100. Smith, G.F., Figueiredo, E. & Crouch, N.R. (2017) Kalanchoe leblanciae. Crassulaceae. South Africa. Mozambique. Flowering Plants of Africa 65: 56–66, t. 2328.
  101. Smith, G.F., Figueiredo, E. & Crouch, N.R. (2019b) Kalanchoe winteri. Crassulaceae. South Africa. Flowering Plants of Africa 66: 62–69, t. 2348.
  102. Smith, G.F., Figueiredo, E. & Crouch, N.R. (2021d) Expanding the known geographical distribution range of Kalanchoe waterbergensis (Crassulaceae subfam. Kalanchooideae) in northern South Africa. Bradleya 39: 172–176. https://doi.org/10.25223/brad.n39.2021.a16
  103. Smith, G.F., Figueiredo, E. & Crouch, N.R. (2025) Kalanchoe gideonsmithii. Crassulaceae subfam. Kalanchooideae. Flowering Plants of Africa 69. [in press]
  104. Smith, G.F., Figueiredo, E., Loureiro, J. & Crouch, N.R. (2019c) Kalanchoe ×gunniae Gideon F.Sm & Figueiredo (Crassulaceae), a new South African nothospecies derived from Kalanchoe paniculata Harv. × Kalanchoe sexangularis N.E.Br. Bradleya 37: 141–150. https://doi.org/10.25223/brad.n37.2019.a9
  105. Smith, G.F., Figueiredo, E. & Mottram, R. (2018b) Kalanchoe ‘Margrit’s Magic’ (Crassulaceae), a new cultivar from South Africa. Bradleya 36: 227–232. https://doi.org/10.25223/brad.n36.2018.a20
  106. Smith, G.F., Figueiredo, E. & Shtein, R. (2021e) Kalanchoe manginii. Crassulaceae: Kalanchooideae. Madagascar. Flowering Plants of Africa 67: 70–79, t. 2367.
  107. Smith, G.F., Figueiredo, E. & Van Wyk, A.E. (2019a) Kalanchoe (Crassulaceae) in southern Africa. Classification, biology, and cultivation. Academic Press, an imprint of Elsevier, London, San Diego, Cambridge (U.S.A.), and Oxford, 328 pp. https://doi.org/10.1016/B978-0-12-814007-9.00003-7
  108. Smith, G.F. & Hankey, A. (2021) Kalanchoe ×forbesiae (Crassulaceae subfam. Kalanchooideae) derived from K. lubangensis × K. sexangularis: towards improved horticultural material. Phytotaxa 528 (5): 290–300. https://doi.org/10.11646/phytotaxa.528.5.3
  109. Smith, G.F., Klein, D.-P. & Shtein, R. (2021b) A revision of the Malagasy Kalanchoe subg. Kitchingia (Crassulaceae subfam. Kalanchooideae): history, taxonomy, and nomenclature. Phytotaxa 507 (1): 67–80. https://doi.org/10.11646/phytotaxa.507.1.3
  110. Smith, G.F. & Monro, A.M. (2022) The nomenclature and taxonomy of Crassulaceae subfam. Kalanchooideae resolved. Phytotaxa 555 (3): 241–251. https://doi.org/10.11646/phytotaxa.555.3.3
  111. Smith, G.F., Parihar, B. & Almeida, A.M.R. (2023a) A review of growth form and plant duration (life cycle) in Kalanchoe (Crassulaceae subfam. Kalanchooideae) in an evolutionary and classificatory framework. Phytotaxa 592 (3): 217–254. https://doi.org/10.11646/phytotaxa.592.3.3
  112. Smith, G.F. & Shtein, R. (2021a) The identity of Kalanchoe stearnii (Crassulaceae subfam. Kalanchooideae). Phytotaxa 478 (2): 295–300. https://doi.org/10.11646/phytotaxa.478.2.13
  113. Smith, G.F. & Shtein, R. (2021b) A review of horticulturally desirable characters in Kalanchoe (Crassulaceae subfam. Kalanchooideae): variable and deviating vegetative and reproductive morphologies useful in breeding programmes. Haseltonia 28: 106–119. https://doi.org/10.2985/026.028.0110
  114. Smith, G.F. & Shtein, R. (2022) Nomenclature and taxonomy of the partial infrageneric classification systems proposed for Kalanchoe (Crassulaceae subfam. Kalanchooideae) by Boiteau and Boiteau & Mannoni in the mid-20th century. Phytotaxa 536 (2): 141–153. https://doi.org/10.11646/phytotaxa.536.2.3
  115. Smith, G.F., Shtein, R. & Klein, D.-P. (2021a) Kalanchoe subg. Alatae (Crassulaceae subfam. Kalanchooideae), a new rank for K. sect. Alatae. Phytotaxa 509 (2): 255–258. https://doi.org/10.11646/phytotaxa.509.2.9
  116. Smith, G.F., Vaz de Sousa, D. & Oberlander, K.C. (2023c) Crassulaceae. Kalanchoe. IAPT chromosome data 39/5. In: Marhold, K. & Kučera, J. (Eds.) IAPT chromosome data 39. Taxon 72 (5): 1191, E11–E13. https://doi.org/10.1002/tax.13077
  117. Tölken, H.R. (1978) Two new species and a new combination in the genus Kalanchoe. Journal of South African Botany 44: 89–91. Available from: https://archive.org/stream/journalofsouthaf44unse#page/90/mode/2up (accessed 20 June 2024)
  118. Tölken, H.R. (1983) Kalanchoe sexangularis. Natal, Swaziland, Transvaal and Zimbabwe. Crassulaceae. The Flowering Plants of Africa 47 (2): t. 1878.
  119. Tölken, H.R. (1985) Crassulaceae. 3166, 4. Kalanchoe. 3166a, 5. Bryophyllum. In: Leistner, O.A. (Ed.) Flora of Southern Africa 14. Botanical Research Institute, Department of Agriculture and Water Supply, place of publication not stated, likely Pretoria, pp. 61–74.
  120. Turland, N.J., Wiersema, J.H., Barrie, F.R., Greuter, W., Hawksworth, D.L., Herendeen, P.S., Knapp, S., Kusber, W.-H., Li, D.-Z., Marhold, K., May, T.W., McNeill, J., Monro, A.M., Prado, J., Price, M.J. & Smith, G.F. (2018) International Code of Nomenclature for algae, fungi, and plants (Shenzhen Code) adopted by the Nineteenth International Botanical Congress Shenzhen, China, July 2017. Koeltz Botanical Books, Glashütten. [Regnum Vegetabile 159], 254 pp. https://doi.org/10.12705/Code.2018
  121. Tutin, F. (1931 [4 July]) Kalanchoe aleurodes. Gardeners’ Chronicle[: a weekly illustrated journal of horticulture and allied subjects] 3rd ser., XC [90]: 9.
  122. Van Jaarsveld, E.J. (2017) Kalanchoe waterbergensis, a new Kalanchoe species from the Waterberg, Limpopo province, South Africa. Bradleya 35: 166–170. https://doi.org/10.25223/brad.n35.2017.a16
  123. Von Poellnitz, [J.]K.[L.A.]. (1934) XV. Kalanchoe Blossfeldiana. Repertorium specierum novarum regni vegetabilis. Centralblatt für Sammlung und Veröffentlichung von Einzeldiagnosen neuer Pflanzen 35: 159–160. Available from: http://bibdigital.rjb.csic.es/ing/Libro.php?Libro=6015 (accessed 20 June 2024)
  124. Watson, W. [as “W.W.”] (1902 [24 May]) New and interesting plants. Kalanchoe kewensis. Ornithogalum kewense. Cymbidium rhodochilum. Pitcairnea cœrulea. The Garden (London, 1871–1927) [an illustrated weekly journal of horticulture in all its branches] 61 ([Volume LXI] No. 1529): 338–339. Available from: https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/79275#page/356/mode/1up (accessed 20 June 2024)
  125. Wood, J. Medley. (1903) Kalanchoe longiflora, Schlechter, MSS. Natural Order, Crassulaceae. Natal Plants, vol. 4, part I: Plate 320. [lacking page numbers]