Skip to main content Skip to main navigation menu Skip to site footer
Responsive image
Issue: Vol. 640 No. 2: 11 Mar. 2024
Type: Article
Published: 2024-03-11
DOI: 10.11646/phytotaxa.640.2.3
Page range: 125-160
Abstract views: 109
PDF downloaded: 5

Taxonomic revision of the genus Calendula (Asteraceae) in the Canary Islands

Departamento de Biologia e CESAM, Universidade de Aveiro, 3810–193, Aveiro, Portugal.
Jardín de Aclimatación de la Orotava (ICIA), C. Retama, 2, 38400 Puerto de la Cruz, Santa Cruz de Tenerife, Spain.
LEAF- Linking Landscape, Environment, Agriculture and Food, Associate Laboratory Terra, Instituto Superior de Agronomia, University of Lisbon, Tapada da Ajuda, Lisboa, Portugal.
LEAF- Linking Landscape, Environment, Agriculture and Food, Associate Laboratory Terra, Instituto Superior de Agronomia, University of Lisbon, Tapada da Ajuda, Lisboa, Portugal.
Departamento de Biologia e CESAM, Universidade de Aveiro, 3810–193, Aveiro, Portugal.
taxonomy DNA nuclear content chromosome number Calendula sventenii Calendula ricardii Eudicots

Abstract

A taxonomic revision of the genus Calendula (Asteraceae – Calenduleae) for the Canary Islands is presented. An extensive morphometric analysis was conducted on specimens held in several herbaria and collected by the team, as well as chromosome counts and genome size estimates. Four species of Calendula were recognized in the islands: C. arvensis, C. officinalis, C. ricardoi, and C. sventenii, the latter two being new taxa, described for the first time in this work. Descriptions, an identification key, distribution areas, ecology and conservation assessments for each taxon are presented, as well as discussions of the possible origins of the taxa in the territory.

References

  1. Acebes-Genovés, J.R., Arco-Aguilar, M., García-Gallo, A., León-Arencibia, M.C., Pérez-de-Paz, P.L., Rodríguez-Delgado, O. & Wildpret-de-la-Torre, W. (2001) Pteridophyta, Spermatophyta. In: Izquierdo, I., Martín, J.L., Zurita, N. & Arechavaleta, M. (Eds.) Lista de especies silvestres de Canarias (hongos, plantas y animales terrestres) 2001. Consejería de Política Territorial y Medio Ambiente Gobierno de Canarias. pp. 98–140.
  2. Acebes-Genovés, J.R., Arco-Aguilar, M., García-Gallo, A., León-Arencibia, M.C., Pérez-de-Paz, P.L., Rodríguez-Delgado, O., Wildpret-de-la-Torre, W., Martín-Osorio, V.E., Marrero-Gómez, M.C. & Rodríguez-Navarro, M.L. (2004) In: Izquierdo, I., Martín, J.L., Zurita, N. & Arechavaleta, M. (Eds.) Lista de especies silvestres de Canarias (hongos, plantas y animales terrestres) 2004. Consejería de Medio Ambiente y Ordenación Territorial, Gobierno de Canarias. pp. 96–143.
  3. Acebes-Genovés, J.R., León-Arencibia, M.C., Rodríguez-Navarro, M.L., Arco-Aguilar, M., García-Gallo, A., Pérez-de-Paz, P.L., Rodríguez-Delgado, O., Martín-Osório, V.E. & Wildpret-de-la-Torre, W. (2010) Pteridophyta, Spermatophyta. In: Arechavaleta, M., Rodríguez, S., Zurita, N., García, A. (Coord.), Lista de especies silvestres de Canarias. Hongos, plantas y animales terrestres 2009. Gobierno de Canarias. pp. 106–172.
  4. Arco-Aguilar, M.J. & Rodríguez-Delgado, O. (2018) Vegetation of the Canary Islands. Plant and Vegetation, vol. 16. Springer, 429 pp.
  5. Alavi, S.A. (1983) Asteraceae. Calendula L. In: Jafri, S.M.H. & El-Gadi, A. (Eds.) Flora of Libya, vol. 107. Al Faateh University, Dept. of Botany, Tripoli, pp. 193–198.
  6. Arnaiz-Villena, A., Muñiz, E., Campos, C., Gomez-Casado, E., Tomasi, S., Martínez-Quiles, N., Martín-Villa, M. & Palacio-Gruber, J. (2015) Origin of Ancient Canary Islanders (Guanches): presence of Atlantic/Iberian HLA and Y chromosome genes and Ancient Iberian language. International Journal of Anthropology 8: 67–93. https://doi.org/10.4314/ijma.v1i8.4
  7. Baltisberger, M. & Widmer, A. (2006) Chromosome numbers of plant species from the Canary Islands. Botanica Helvetica 116: 9–30. https://doi.org/10.1007/s00035-006-0739-x
  8. Battandier, J.A. & Trabut, L. (1888) Flore de l’Algérie. A. Jourdan, Paris, pp. 477–480.
  9. Bechtel, B. (2016) The Climate of the Canary Islands by Annual Cycle Parameters. The International Archives of the Photogrammetry, Remote Sensing and Spatial Information Sciences XLI-B8: 243–250. https://doi.org/10.5194/isprs-archives-XLI-B8-243-2016
  10. Beierkuhnlein, C., Walentowitz, A. & Welss, W. (2021) FloCan – A Revised Checklist for the Flora of the Canary Islands. Diversity 13: 1–19. https://doi.org/10.3390/d13100480
  11. Bramwell, D. (1971) Studies in the Canary Islands Flora: The Vegetation of Punta de Teno, Tenerife. Cuadernos de Botanica Canaria 11: 4–37.
  12. Buch, C.L. v. (1819) Allgemeine Uebersicht der Flora auf den Canarischen Inseln. Abhandlungen der Physikalischen Klasse der Königlich-Preussischen Akademie der Wissenschaften 1816–1817: 337–384.
  13. Buch, C.L. v. (1825) Physicalische Beschreibung der Canarischen Inseln. Druckerei der K. Akademie der Wissenschaften, Berlin, 171 pp.
  14. Buch, C.L. v. (1833) Catalogue des Plantes spontanées qui ont été jusqu’ici trouvées dans les îles Canaries. In: Guillemin, M.A.J. (Ed.) Archives de Botanique ou Recueil Mensuel. Bureau des Archives, Paris, pp. 481–508.
  15. Camacho, J.P.M. (2005) B Chromosomes. In: Gregory, T.R. (Ed.) The Evolution of the Genome. Academic Press, pp. 223–286. https://doi.org/10.1016/B978-012301463-4/50006-1
  16. Candolle, A.P. (1837) Prodromus systematis naturalis regni vegetabilis, vol. 6. Treuttel & Würtz, Paris, 687 pp.
  17. Caujapé-Castells, J., Tye, A., Crawford, D.J., Santos-Guerra, A., Sakai, A., Beaver, K., Lobin, W., Vincent Florens, F.B., Moura, M., Jardim, R., Gómes, I. & Kueffer, C. (2010) Conservation of oceanic island floras: Present and future global challenges. Perspectives in Plant Ecology, Evolution and Systematics 12: 107–129. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.ppees.2009.10.001
  18. Cosson, E.S-C. (1857) Séance du 26 Décembre 1856. Bulletin de la Société Botanique de France 3: 703. https://doi.org/10.1080/00378941.1856.10839627
  19. Crawford, D.J. & Archibald, J.K. (2016) Island floras as model systems for studies of plant speciation: prospects and challenges. Journal of Systematics and Evolution 55: 1–15. https://doi.org/10.1111/jse.12234
  20. Dalgaard, V. (1986) Chromosome studies in flowering plants from Macaronesia. Anales del Jardín Botánico de Madrid 43: 83–111.
  21. Doležel, J. & Bartoš, J. (2005) Plant DNA Flow Cytometry and Estimation of Nuclear Genome Size. Annals of Botany 95: 99–110. https://doi.org/10.1093/aob/mci005
  22. Doležel, J., Sgorbati, S. & Lucretti, S. (1992) Comparison of three DNA fluorochromes for flow cytometric estimation of nuclear DNA content in plants. Physiologia Plantarum 85 (4): 625–631. https://doi.org/10.1111/j.1399-3054.1992.tb04764.x
  23. Dydak, M., Kolano, B., Nowak, T., Siwinska, D. & Maluszynska, J. (2009) Cytogenetic studies of three European species of Centaurea L. (Asteraceae). Hereditas 146: 152–161. https://doi.org/10.1111/j.1601-5223.2009.02113.x
  24. Esmaeili, G., van Laere, K., Muylle, H. & Leus, L. (2020) Artificial chromosome doubling in allotetraploid Calendula officinalis. Frontiers in Plant Science 11: 1–11. https://doi.org/10.3389/fpls.2020.00622
  25. Gonçalves, A.C.R.S. (2018) Revisão taxonómica do género Calendula L. (Asteraceae-Calenduleae) na Península Ibérica e Marrocos. Dissertação de Doutoramento, Universidade de Aveiro, Aveiro.
  26. Gonçalves, A.C.R.S., Castro, S., Paiva, J., Santos, C. & Silveira, P. (2018) Taxonomic revision of the genus Calendula (Asteraceae) in the Iberian Peninsula and the Balearic Islands. Phytotaxa 352: 1–91. https://doi.org/10.11646/phytotaxa.352.1.1
  27. Gonçalves, A.C.R.S., Ouhammoud, A., Amirouche, R., Santos, C., Figueiredo, E. & Silveira, P. (2023) A taxonomic revision of Calendula (Asteraceae) in Morocco, including some taxa from Algeria and Tunisia. Phytotaxa 605: 1–83. https://doi.org/10.11646/phytotaxa.605.1.1
  28. Greilhuber, J. & Speta, F. (1985) Geographical variation of genome size at low taxonomic levels in the Scilla bifolia alliance (Hyacinthaceae). Flora 176: 431–438. https://doi.org/10.1016/S0367-2530(17)30139-1
  29. Guilengue, N., Alves, S., Talhinhas, P. & Neves-Martins, J. (2020) Genetic and Genomic Diversity in a Tarwi (Lupinus mutabilis Sweet) Germplasm Collection and Adaptability to Mediterranean Climate Conditions. Agronomy 10: 21. https://doi.org/10.3390/agronomy10010021
  30. Hansen, A. & Sunding, P. (1985) Flora of Macaronesia. Checklist of vascular plants. Sommerfeltia 1: 1–171. https://doi.org/10.2478/som-1985-0001
  31. Herrera, C. & Custodio, E. (2014) Groundwater flow in a relatively old oceanic volcanic island: The Betancuria area, Fuerteventura Island, Canary Islands, Spain. Science of The Total Environment 496: 531–550. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.scitotenv.2014.07.063
  32. Heyn, C.C. & Joel, A. (1983) Reproductive Relationships Between Annual Species of Calendula (Compositae). Plant Systematics and Evolution 143: 311–329. https://doi.org/10.1007/BF00986612
  33. Heyn, C.C., Dagan, O. & Nachman, B. (1974) The annual Calendula species: taxonomy and relationships. Israel Journal of Plant Sciences 23: 1201–1969.
  34. Hitchcock, A.S. & Green, M.L. (1929) Standard-species of Linnaeus genera of Phanerogamae (1753–1754). In: Anonymous (Ed.) International Botanical Congress, Cambridge (England), 1930: Nomenclature. Proposals by British botanists. Wyman & Sons, London, pp. 110–199.
  35. Izquierdo, R., Belmonte, J., Avila, A., Alarcón, M., Cuevas, E. & Alonso-Pérez, S. (2011) Source areas and long-range transport of pollen from continental land to Tenerife (Canary Islands). International Journal of Biometeorology 55: 67–85. https://doi.org/10.1007/s00484-010-0309-1
  36. Kim, S.C., Crawford, D.J., Francisco-Ortega, J. & Santos-Guerra, A. (1996) A common origin for woody Sonchus and five related genera in the Macaronesian islands: molecular evidence for extensive radiation. Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences (Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America 93 (15): 7743–7748. https://doi.org/10.1073/pnas.93.15.7743
  37. Lanza, D. (1919) Monografia del genere Calendula L. Atti della Accademia di Scienze, Lettere e Arti di Palermo 11: 1–166.
  38. Lindinger, L. (1926) Beiträge zur Kenntnis von Vegetation und Flora der kanarischen Inseln. Kommissions-Verlag L. Friederichsen & Co., Hamburg, 353 pp.
  39. Linnaeus, C. (1753) Species plantarum, vol. 1. Laurentius Salvius, Stockholm, 560 pp.
  40. Linnaeus, C. (1763) Species plantarum, vol. 2. Laurentius Salvius, Stockholm, pp. 561–1200.
  41. Loureiro, J., Rodriguez, E., Doležel, J. & Santos, C. (2006) Flow cytometric and microscopic analysis of the effect of tannic acid on plant nuclei and estimation of DNA content. Annals of Botany 98: 515–527. https://doi.org/10.1093/aob/mcl140
  42. Médail, F. & Quézel, P. (1999) The phytogeographical significance of S.W. Morocco compared to the Canary Islands. Plant Ecology 140: 221–244. https://doi.org/10.1023/A:1009775327616
  43. Meikle, R.D. (1976) Calendula L. In: Tutin, T.G., Heywood, V.H., Burges, N.A., Valentine, D.H., Walters, S.M. & Webb, D.A. (Eds.) Flora Europaea, vol. 4. Cambridge University Press, Cambridge, pp. 206–207.
  44. Morales, J., Rodríguez, A., Alberto, V., Machado, C. & Criado, C. (2009) The impact of human activities on the natural environment of the Canary Islands (Spain) during the pre-Hispanic stage (3rd–2nd Century BC to15th Century AD): an overview. Environmental Archaeology 14: 27–36. https://doi.org/10.1179/174963109X400655
  45. Msanda, F., Mayand, E.H. & Furze, J.N. (2021) Floristic biodiversity, biogeographical significance, and importance of Morocco’s Arganeraie Biosphere Reserve. Environmental Science and Pollution Research 28: 64156–64165. https://doi.org/10.1007/s11356-020-11936-0
  46. Nora, S. (2009) Cariossistemática do género Calendula L. (Asteraceae) na Península Ibérica. Master dissertation. University of Aveiro, Aveiro, 64 pp.
  47. Nora, S., Castro, S., Loureiro, J., Gonçalves, A.C.F.R.S., Oliveira, H., Castro, M., Santos, C. & Silveira, P. (2013) Flow cytometric and karyological analyzes of Calendula species from Iberian Peninsula. Plant Systematics and Evolution 299: 853–864. https://doi.org/10.1007/s00606-013-0767-0
  48. Nordenstam, B. (2007) Calenduleae. In: Kadereit, J.W. & Jeffrey, C. (Eds.) Kubitzki’s The Families and Genera of Vascular Plants, vol. 8. Springer, Berlin & Heidelberg & New York, pp. 241–245.
  49. Nordenstam, B. & Källersjö, M. (2009) Calenduleae. In: Funk, V.A., Susanna, A., Stuessy, T.F. & Bayer, R.J. (Eds.) Systematics, evolution, and biogeography of compositae. IAPT, Vienna, pp. 527–538.
  50. Norlindh, T. (1946) Studies in the Calenduleae. II. Phytogeography and interrelation. Botaniska Notiser 1946: 471–506.
  51. Norlindh, T. (1977) Calenduleae – Systematic review. In: Heywood, V.H., Harborne, J.B. & Turner, B.L. (Eds.) The Biology and Chemistry of the Compositae, vol. 2. Academic Press, London, pp. 961–987.
  52. Oberprieler, C. & Vogt, R. (1993) Chromosome numbers of North African phanerogams. II. Willdenowia 23: 211–238.
  53. Ohle, H. (1974) Beiträge zur Taxonomie der Gattung Calendula II. Taxonomische Revision der südeuropäischen perennierenden Calendula-Sippen. Feddes Repertorium 85: 245–283. https://doi.org/10.1002/fedr.19740850402
  54. Ohle, H. (1975a) Beiträge zur Taxonomie und Evolution der Gattung Calendula L. III. Revision der marokkanischen perennierenden Sippen unter Berücksichtigung einiger marokkanischer Annueller. Feddes Repertorium 86: 1–17. https://doi.org/10.1002/fedr.19750860102
  55. Ohle, H. (1975b) Beiträge zur Taxonomie und Evolution der Gattung Calendula L. IV. Revision der algerisch-tunesischen perennierenden Calendula-Sippen unter Berücksichtigung einiger marokkanisch-algerischer Annueller und der marokkanischen und südeuropäischen perennierende. Feddes Repertorium 86: 525–541. https://doi.org/10.1002/fedr.19750860908
  56. Peltier, J.P. (1982) La végétation du bassin versant de l ‘Ouest Souss (Maroc). Thèse es-sciences Université Scientifique et médicale. Grenoble, France.
  57. Persoon, C.H. (1807) Synopsis plantarum, vol. 2. C.F. Cramerum, Paris, 656 pp.
  58. Pitard, J. & Proust, L. (1908) Tribe. VI: Calendulaceae. In: Pitard, J. & Proust, L. (Eds.) Les Iles Canaries, Flore de l’archipel. Klincksieck, Paris, 502 pp. https://doi.org/10.5962/bhl.title.49564
  59. Rafinesque, C.S. (1810) Caratteri di alcuni nuovi generi e nuove specie di animali e piante della Sicilia: con varie osservazioni sopra i medesimi. Sanfilippo, Palermo, 105 pp. https://doi.org/10.5962/bhl.title.104418
  60. Ruprecht, F.J. (1856) Animadversiones in Plantas Nonnullas Horti Imp. Botanici Petropolitani (1851–1854). Bulletin de la Classe Physico-Mathématique de l’Académie Impériale des Sciences de Saint-Pétersbourg 14: 229–240.
  61. Santos-Guerra, A. (2001) Flora vascular nativa. In: Fernández-Palacios, J.M. & Martín-Esquivel, J.L. (Eds.) Naturaleza de las Islas Canarias, Ecología y Conservación. Turquesa, pp. 185–192.
  62. Silveira, P., Gonçalves, A.C.R.S., Santos, C. & Paiva, J. (2013) Two lectotypifications and a new combination in Calendula (Asteraceae) for Flora Iberica. Phytotaxa 145: 47–53. https://doi.org/10.11646/phytotaxa.145.1.5
  63. Slovák, M., Vít, P., Urfus, T. & Suda, J. (2009) Complex pattern of genome size variation in a polymorphic member of the Asteraceae. Journal of Biogeography 36: 372–384. https://doi.org/10.1111/j.1365-2699.2008.02005.x
  64. Soliman, M.I. (2003) Genetic Diversity of Achene Heteromorphism in Egyptian Calendula micrantha Tineo et Guss. Asian Journal of Plant Science & Research 2: 782–789. https://doi.org/10.3923/ajps.2003.782.789
  65. Srivastava, S. & Lavania, U.C. (1991) Evolutionary DNA variation in Papaver. Genome 34: 763–768. https://doi.org/10.1139/g91-118
  66. Suda, J., Krahulcová, A., Trávnícek, P., Rosenbaumová, R., Peckert, T. & Krahulec, F. (2007) Genome size variation and species relationships in Hieracium Sub-genus Pilosella (Asteraceae) as inferred by flow cytometry. Annals of Botany 100: 1323–1335. https://doi.org/10.1093/aob/mcm218
  67. Vargas, P., Arjona, Y., Nogales, M. & Heleno, R.H. (2015) Long-distance dispersal to oceanic islands: success of plants with multiple diaspore specializations. AoB Plants 7: plv073. https://doi.org/10.1093/aobpla/plv073
  68. Vogt, R. & Oberprieler, C. (2008) Chromosome numbers of North African phanerogams. VIII. More counts in Compositae. Willdenowia 38: 497–519. https://doi.org/10.3372/wi.38.38210
  69. Webb, P.B. & Berthelot, S. (1846) Histoire Naturelle des Iles Canaries, vol. 3 (2). Paris, pp. 340–342.