Abstract
Euphorbia zhongiana (Euphorbiaceae), from Zhejiang Province, eastern China, is described and illustrated as a new species. It is morphologically similar to E. fauriei, however, differs in its winter green habit, whole plant being glabrous; cyathophylls 2, broadly ovate, yellow-greenish; involucre 2.5–3.0 × 2.5–3.0 mm; the surface of ovary usually smooth, rare sparsely microtuberous; styles connate at middle towards base; apex slightly 2–lobed; capsules smooth without tuberculate or conical verrucae, rare sparsely and inconspicuously rugose; seed coat with reticulate wrinkle.
References
- Berry, P.E. & Riina, R. (2007) A new collaborative research project: a global inventory of Euphorbia. Euphorbia World 3: 12–13.
- Boissier, E. (1862) Euphorbiaceae subordo Euphorbieae. In: Candolle, A.L.P.P. de (Ed.) Prodromus Systematis Naturalis Regni Vegetabilis 15 (2). Victor Masson & Fils, Paris, pp. 3–188.
- Bruyns, P.V., Mapaya, R.J. & Hedderson, T.J. (2006) A new subgeneric classification for Euphorbia (Euphorbiaceae) in southern Africa based on ITS and psbA-trnH sequence data. Taxon 55: 397–420. https://doi.org/10.2307/25065587
- Chen, S., Yao, H., Han, J., Liu, C., Song, J., Shi, L., Zhu, Y., Ma, X., Gao, T., Pang, X., Luo, K., Li, Y., Li, X., Jia, X., Lin, Y. & Leon, C. (2010) Validation of the ITS2 region as a novel DNA barcode for identifying medicinal plant species. PLOS One 5: e8613. https://doi.org/10.1371/journal.pone.0008613
- Dorsey, B.L., Haevermans, T., Aubriot, X., Morawetz, J.J., Riina, R., Steinmann, V.W. & Berry, P.E. (2013) Phylogenetics, morphological evolution, and classification of Euphorbia subgenus Euphorbia. Taxon 62: 291–315. https://doi.org/10.12705/622.1
- Dumortier, B.C.J. (1827) Florula belgica. J. Casterman, Tournai, 87 pp.
- Ernst, M., Grace, O.M., Saslis-Lagoudakis, C.H., Nilsson, N., Simonsen, H.T. & Ronsted, N. (2015) Global medicinal uses of Euphorbia L. (Euphorbiaceae). Journal of Ethnopharmacology 176: 90–101. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jep.2015.10.025
- Ernst, M., Nothias, L.-F., van der Hooft, J.J.J., Silva, R.R., Saslis-Lagoudakis, C.H., Grace, O.M., Martinez-Swatson, K., Hassemer, G., Funez, L.A., Simonen, H.T., Medema, M.H., Staerk, D., Nilsson, N., Lovato, P., Dorrestein, P.C. & Rønsted, N. (2019) Assessing specialized metabolite diversity in the cosmopolitan plant genus Euphorbia L. Frontiers in Plant Science 10: 846. https://doi.org/10.3389/fpls.2019.00846
- Geltman, D.V. (2012) Euphorbia edgeworthii Boiss. (Euphorbiaceae), a novelty for the flora of China. Turczaninowia 15: 19–21.
- Geltman, D.V. (2018) Two Euphorbia (Euphorbiaceae) species new for the flora of China (Xinjiang and Inner Mongolia). Novitates Systematicae Plantarum Vascularium 49: 144–148. https://doi.org/10.31111/novitates/2018.49.144
- Horn, J.W., van Ee, B.W., Morawetz, J.J., Riina, R., Steinmann, V.W., Berry, P.E. & Wurdack, K.J. (2012) Phylogenetics and the evolution of major structural characters in the giant genus Euphorbia L. (Euphorbiaceae). Molecular Phylogenetics and Evolution 63: 305–326. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.ympev.2011.12.022
- Horn, J.W., Xi, Z., Riina, R., Peirson, J.A., Yang, Y., Dorsey, B.L., Berry, P.E., Davis, C.C. & Wurdack, K.J. (2014) Evolutionary bursts in Euphorbia (Euphorbiaceae) are linked with photosynthetic pathway. Evolution 68: 3485–3504. https://doi.org/10.1111/evo.12534
- Hurusawa, I. (1940a) Species generis Euphorbiae Imperii Japonici (Ⅴ). The Journal of Japanese Borany 16: 581–582. https://doi.org/10.51033/jjapbot.16_10_2454
- Hurusawa, I. (1940b) Species generis Euphorbiae Imperii Japonici (Ⅵ). The Journal of Japanese Botany 16: 638–639. https://doi.org/10.51033/jjapbot.16_11_2464
- IUCN (2022) Guidelines for Using the IUCN Red List Categories and Criteria. Version 15.1. Prepared by the Standards and Petitions Committee, Gland, Switzerland. Available from: http://www.iucnredlist.org/documents/RedListGuidelines.pdf (accessed 24 October 2023).
- Kurosawa, T. & Ohashi, H. (1994) Distinctions between Euphorbia lasiocaula Boiss. and E. pekinensis Rupr. (Euphorbiaceae). The Journal of Japanese Botany 69: 278–279. https://doi.org/10.51033/jjapbot.69_5_8925
- Léveillé, H. (1908) Decades plantarum Novarum Ⅷ–Ⅹ. Repertorium Specierum Novarum Regni Vegetabilis 5: 279–284. https://doi.org/10.1002/fedr.19080051515
- Li, M.T., Lan, X.Z., Zuo, Y.W. & Deng, H.P. (2021) Euphorbia motuogensis (Euphorbiaceae), a new species from Xizang, China. Phytotaxa 527: 107–116. https://doi.org/10.11646/phytotaxa.527.2.3
- Linnaeus, C. (1753) Species Plantarum. Laurentius Salvius, Stockholm, 1200 pp.
- Ma, J.S. (1997) Euphorbia. In: Ma, J.S. (Ed.) Flora Reipublicae Popularis Sinicae 44 (3). Science Press, Beijing, pp. 26–127.
- Ma, J.S. & Gilbert, M.G. (2008) Euphorbia. In: Wu, C.Y., Raven, P.R. & Hong, D.Y. (Eds.) Flora of China 11. Science Press, Beijing & Missouri Botanical Garden, St. Louis, pp. 288–313.
- Ma, J.S., Liu, Y. & Wei, F.N. (2013) A new species of Euphorbia (Euphorbiaceae) from Guangxi, China. Phytotaxa 87: 45–49. https://doi.org/10.11646/phytotaxa.87.3.2
- Maximowicz, C.J. (1859) Primitiae Florae Amurensis. Buchdruckerei der kaiserlichen Akademie der Wissenschaften, St. Petersburg, 504 pp.
- Morren, C.F.A. & Decaisne, J. (1836) Observations sur quelques plantes du Japon. Bulletin de I’Academie Royale des Siences et Belles-letters de Bruxelles 3: 168–175.
- Nylander, J.A.A. (2004) Mrmodeltest v2. Program distributed by the author. Evolutionary Biology Centre, Uppsala University. Available from: https://github.com/nylander/MrModeltest2 (accessed 18 September 2024)
- Park, K., Ahn, B. & Lee, K. (1999) Reexamination of sectional classification in Far Eastern Euphorbia subgenus Esula (Euphorbiaceae) using morphological and phenolic data. Journal of Plant Biology 42: 199–204. https://doi.org/10.1007/BF03030479
- Park, K., Jung, H., Kim, J., Chung, G. & Oh, B. (2002) Comparisons of morphological and genetic diversity between endemic Euphorbia fauriei and widespread E. pekinensis (Euphorbiaceae). Korean Journal of Plant Taxonomy 32: 177–191. https://doi.org/10.11110/kjpt.2002.32.2.177
- Patan, S.S.V.K., Bugude, R., Sake, P.K. & Randall, G.T. (2018) Use of Euphorbia sp. (Euphorbiaceae) as biofuel feedstock for semi-arid and arid lands. Biofuels 12: 511–521. https://doi.org/10.1080/17597269.2018.1501637
- Peirson, J.A., Riina, R., Mayfield, M.H., Ferguson, C.J., Urbatsch, L.E. & Berry, P.E. (2014) Phylogenetics and taxonomy of the New World leafy spurges, Euphorbia section Tithymalus (Euphorbiaceae). Botanical Journal of the Linnean Society 175: 191–228. https://doi.org/10.1111/boj.12167
- Peirson, J.A., Bruyns, P.V., Riina, R., Morawetz, J.J. & Berry, P.E. (2013) A molecular phylogeny and classification of the largely succulent and mainly African Euphorbia subg. Athymalus (Euphorbiaceae). Taxon 62: 1178–1199. https://doi.org/10.12705/626.12
- Persoon, C.H. (1806) Synopsis plantarum: seu enchiridium botanicum, complectens enumerationem systematicam specierum hucusque cognitarum 2 (1). Apud Bibliopolas, Treuttel et Würtz, Parisiis Lutetiorum, pp. 1–272. https://doi.org/10.5962/bhl.title.638
- Prokhanov, J.I. (1933) Systematical review of the spurges of Middle Asia. ONTI, Moscow & Leningrad, 68 pp.
- Rafinesque, C.S. (1817) Second decade of undescribed American plants. American Monthly Magazine and Critical Review 2: 119–120.
- Reichenbach, H.G.L. (1829) Conspectus Regni Vegetabilis 1. Apud Carolum Cnobloch, Lipsiae [Leipzig], 294 pp.
- Riina, R., Peirson, J.A., Geltman, D.V., Molero, J., Frajman, B., Pahlevani, A., Barres, L., Morawetz, J.J., Salmaki, Y., Zarre, S., Kryukov, A., Bruyns, P.V. & Berry, P.E. (2013) A worldwide molecular phylogeny and classification of the leafy spurges, Euphorbia subgenus Esula (Euphorbiaceae). Taxon 62: 316–342. https://doi.org/10.12705/622.3
- Shi, Q.W., Su, X.H. & Kiyota, H. (2008) Chemical and pharmacological research of the plants in genus Euphorbia. Chemistry Reviews 108: 4295–4327. https://doi.org/10.1021/cr078350s
- Shishkin, B.K. & Bobrov, E.G. (1949) Flora of the U.S.S.R. 14. Izdatel'stvo Akademii Nauk SSSR, Moskva-Leningrad, 311 pp.
- Small, R.L. (2004) Phylogeny of Hibiscus sect. Muenchhusia (Malvaceae) based on chloroplast rpl16 and ndhF, and nuclear ITS and GBSSI sequences. Systematic Botany 29: 385–392. https://doi.org/10.1600/036364404774195575
- Steinmann, V.W., van Ee, B., Berry, P.E. & Gutiérrez, J. (2007) The systematic position of Cubanthus and other shrubby endemic species of Euphorbia (Euphorbiaceae) in Cuba. Anales del Jardin Botanico de Madrid 64: 123–133. https://doi.org/10.3989/ajbm.2007.v64.i2.167
- Steinmann, V.W. & Porter, J.M. (2002) Phylogenetic relationships in Euphorbieae (Euphorbiaceae) based on ITS and ndhF sequence data. Annals of the Missouri Botanical Garden 89: 453–490. https://doi.org/10.2307/3298591
- Tamura, K., Stecher, G. & Kumar, S. (2021) MEGA11: Molecular Evolutionary Genetics Analysis Version 11. Molecular Biology and Evolution 38: 3022–3027. https://doi.org/10.1093/molbev/msab120
- Thiers, B. (2023 onwards) Index Herbariorum: A global directory of public herbaria and associated staff. New York Botanical Garden's Virtual Herbarium. Available from: http://sweetgum.nybg.org/science/ih/ (accessed 1 May 2023)
- Webster, G.L. (1967) The genera of Euphorbiaceae in the southeastern United States. Journal of the Arnold Arboretum 48: 363–430. https://doi.org/10.5962/p.67869
- Webster, G.L. (2014) Euphorbiaceae. In: Kubitzki, K. (Ed.) The families and genera of vascular plants. Eudicots 12: Malpighiales. Springer Verlag, Berlin, pp. 51–216. https://doi.org/10.1007/978-3-642-39417-1_10
- Wei, N., Pérez-Escobar, O.A., Musili, P.M., Huang, W.C., Yang, J.B., Hu, A.Q., Hu, G.W., Grace, O.M. & Wang, Q.F. (2021) Plastome evolution in the hyperdiverse genus Euphorbia (Euphorbiaceae) using phylogenomic and comparative analyses: large-scale expansion and contraction of the inverted repeat region. Frontiers in Plant Science 12: 712064. https://doi.org/10.3389/fpls.2021.712064
- Yang, Y., Riina, R., Morawetz, J.J., Haevermans, T., Aubriot, X. & Berry, P.E. (2012) Molecular phylogenetics and classification of Euphorbia subgenus Chamaesyce (Euphorbiaceae). Taxon 61: 764–789. https://doi.org/10.1002/tax.614005
- Yu, Q., Chen, G.X., Yang, Y., Wang, Q.F. & Wei, N. (2022) A remarkable new species of Euphorbia section Helioscopia (Euphorbia subgenus Esula, Euphorbiaceae) from Jiufeng Mountains in Fujian Province, Eastern China. Systematic Botany 47: 259–267. https://doi.org/10.1600/036364422X16442668893265
- Zang, E.H., Zhang, M.X., Wang, W.L., Zhang, C.H. & Li, M.H. (2021) Euphorbia mongoliensis (Euphorbiaceae), a new species from Inner Mongolia, China. Phytotaxa 501: 151–161. https://doi.org/10.11646/phytotaxa.501.1.6
- Zhang, F.Y., Chen, F., Xie, W.Y., Zheng, Z.X., Mao, M.H. & Chen, Z.H. (2020) Euphorbia xianxialingensis (Euphorbiaceae), a new species from Zhejiang. Journal of Zhejiang Forest Science and Technology 40: 82–85.
- Zimmermann, N.F.A., Ritz, C.M. & Hellwig, F.H. (2010) Further support for the phylogenetic relationships within Euphorbia L. (Euphorbiaceae) from nrITS and trnL–trnF IGS sequence data. Plant Systematics and Evolution 286: 39–58. https://doi.org/10.1007/s00606-010-0272-7