Abstract
The paper presents an annotated checklist of the genus Raphiocarpus (Gesneriaceae) in the flora of Vietnam with a key for identification of all 13 species hitherto recorded in the country, including newly described species. The data for each species include the accepted name, synonyms, citations of relevant regional literature, typification, information on distribution, ecology, and phenology, conservation status, as well as a list of studied specimens and taxonomic notes. Lectotypes for Raphiocarpus asper and R. evrardii are designated. A new species, Raphiocarpus bicallosus, is described here from Xuan Lien Nature Reserve, Thanh Hoa Province, N Vietnam. It is most similar to R. tamdaoensis, but differs in having distinct prophylls, a 3–5-flowered inflorescence, a dark purple-brown corolla limb, the presence of 1 staminode and 2 hairy bosses inside the tube, as well as a glabrous ovary and capsule 5–6 cm long.
References
- Arnott, G.A.W. (1832) Botany. In: Napier, M. (Ed.) Encyclopedia Britannica. 7, 5. A & C Black, Edinburgh, pp. 30–145.
- Candolle, A. (1816) Essai sur les propriétés médicales des plantes, comparées avec leurs formes extérieures et leur classification naturelle. Ed. 2. Chez Crochard, Paris, 397 pp. https://doi.org/10.5962/bhl.title.112422
- Candolle, A. & Candolle, C. (1883) Monographiae phanerogamarum: Prodromi nunc continuatio, nunc revisio 5. G. Masson, Paris, 654 pp.
- Chun, W.-Y. (1946) Gesneriacearum plantae novae Sinicarum. Sunyatsenia 6: 271–304.
- Don, G. (1838) A general system of gardening and botany: containing a complete enumeration and description of all plants hitherto known. 4. Rivington & Co., London, 908 pp.
- Drake, D.C. (1890) Contribution a la flore du Tonkin. Bulletin de la Socieìteì philomathique de Paris 8 (2): 127–130.
- Fritsch, K. (1894). Gesneriaceae. In: Engler, A. & Prantl, K. (Eds.) Die natürlichen Pflanzenfamilien IV, 3b. W. Engelmann, Leipzig, pp. 145–185.
- Hance, H.F. (1866) Adversaria in stirpes imprimis Asiae orientalis criticas minusve notas interjectis Novarum plurimarum diagnosibus. Annales des sciences naturelles 5 (5): 202–261.
- Ho, P.H. (2000) Illustrated flora of Vietnam 3. Nha Xuat Ban Tre, Ho Chi Minh City, 1020 pp.
- Hooker, W.J. (1888) Icones plantarum or figures, with brief descriptive characters and remarks, of new or rare plants, selected from the author’s herbarium 18. Williams and Norgate, L. Reeve & Co, London.
- IUCN Standards and Petitions Subcommittee (2023) Guidelines for using the IUCN Red List categories and criteria Ver. 14. Available from: https://cmsdocs.s3.amazonaws.com/RedListGuidelines.pdf (accessed 30 June 2023)
- Jack, W. (1823) On Cyrtandraceae, a new natural order of plants. Transactions of the Linnean Society of London 14 (1): 23–45. https://doi.org/10.1111/j.1095-8339.1823.tb00078.x
- Léveillé, A.A.H. (1913) LXXVIII Decades plantarum novarum. CI–CIII. Repertorium specierum novarum regni vegetabilis 11: 492–496. https://doi.org/10.1002/fedr.19130113103
- Middleton, D.J., Nguyen, Q.B., Tran, H.D. & Leong-Skornickova, J. (2021) A new species of Raphiocarpus (Gesneriaceae) from Vietnam. Edinburgh Journal of Botany 78: 1–4. https://doi.org/10.24823/EJB.2021.365
- Nguyen, H.C., Phung, V.K., Nguyen, K.S., Averyanov, L.V., Truong, B.V., Tran, V.C., Cao, X.H., Chu, N.Q., Vu, T.B.H. & Pham, T.K.T. (2023) Raphiocarpus taygiangensis (Gesneriaceae), a new species from central Vietnam. PhytoKeys 218: 19–27. https://doi.org/10.3897/phytokeys.218.96511
- Nguyen, S.K. & Wen, F. (2018) Notes on taxonomy of Raphiocarpus begoniifolius (Lévl.) Burtt (Gesneriaceae) from Vietnam. Guihaia 38: 1422–1427.
- Ogutcen, E., Christe, C., Nishii, K., Salamin, N., Moller, M. & Perret, M. (2021) Phylogenomics of Gesneriaceae using targeted capture of nuclear genes. Molecular Phylogenetics and Evolution 157 (12): 107068. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.ympev.2021.107068
- Pellegrin, F. (1930) Gesnéracées. In: Lecomte, H. (Ed.) Flore générale de L’Indo-chine 4. Masson, Paris, pp. 487–565.
- Phuong, V.X. (2005) 205. Gesneriaceae Dumort. In: Nguyen, T.B. (Ed.) Checklist of plant species of Vietnam 3. Nha xuat ban Nong nghiep, Ha Noi, pp. 235–246. [In Vietnamese]
- Phuong, V.X. & Xuen, D.T. (2010) A new occurrence species Didissandra C.B.Clarke (Gesneriaceae Dumort) of the flora of Vietnam. Academia Journal of Biology (Tap Chi Sinh Hoc) 32 (2): 60–62. [In Vietnamese] https://doi.org/10.15625/0866-7160/v32n2.688
- Phuong, V.X., Xuyen, D.-T., Wen, F. & Wei, Y.-G. (2012) Raphiocarpus tamdaoensis sp. nov. (Gesneriaceae) from Vietnam. Nordic Journal of Botany 30: 696–699. https://doi.org/10.1111/j.1756-1051.2012.01361.x
- Vu, P.X. (2018) Gesneriaceae. In: Tran, T.H. (Ed.) Flora of Vietnam 18. Technology and Science Publishing House, Hanoi, pp. 40–56.
- Wang, W.T. (1975) Notulae de Gesneriaceis Sinensibus (continued). Acta Phytotaxonomica Sinica 13 (3): 97–105.
- Wang, W.T. (1980) Notulae de gesneriaceis Sinensibus (continued). Phytologia 45 (5): 362–380.
- Wang, W.-T., Pan, K.Y., Li, Z.Y., Weitzman, A.L. & Skog, L.E. (1998) Gesneriaceae. In: Wu, Z.-Y. & Raven, P.H. (Eds.) Flora of China 18. Scrophulariaceae through Gesneriaceae. Science Press & Missouri Botanical Garden Press, Beijing, St. Louis, pp. 281–282.
- Weber, A. (2004) Gesneriaceae. In: Kubitzki, K. & Kadereit, J.W. (Eds.) The families and genera of vascular plants 7. Springer, New York, Heidelberg, Basingstoke, pp. 63–158. https://doi.org/10.1007/978-3-642-18617-2_8
- Weber, A. & Burtt, B.L. (1998) Didissandra: redefinition and partition of an artificial genus of Gesneriaceae. Beiträge Biologie Pflanzen 70 (2–3): 153–177.
- Weber, A., Clark, J.L. & Moeller, M. (2013) A new formal classification of Gesneriaceae. Selbyana 31 (2): 68–94.
- Weber, A., Middleton, D.J., Clark, J.L. & Möller, M. (2020) Keys to the infrafamilial taxa and genera of Gesneriaceae. Rheedea 30: 5–47. https://doi.org/10.22244/rheedea.2020.30.01.02
- Wen, F., Wei, Y.G., Fu, L.F., Xin, Z.B., Li, S., Huang, Z.J., Ge, Y.Z. & Meng D.C. (2023) The Checklist of Gesneriaceae in China. Available from: http://gccc.gxib.cn/about-46.aspx (accessed 2 April 2023)
- Xin, Z.-B., Yuan, L.-X., Zhang, Z.-Y., Dinh, Q.D., Lu, G., Maciejewski, S. & Do, T.V. (2022) Raphiocarpus sinovietnamicus (Gesneriaceae), a new species from southern China and central Vietnam. Nordic Journal of Botany e03716: 1–5. https://doi.org/10.1111/njb.03716