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Issue: Vol. 613 No. 1: 7 Sept. 2023
Type: Article
Published: 2023-09-07
DOI: 10.11646/phytotaxa.613.1.1
Page range: 1-28
Abstract views: 318
PDF downloaded: 18

A review of exotic Kalanchoe taxa (Crassulaceae subfam. Kalanchooideae) naturalised and cultivated in Africa and the Gulf of Guinea islands, with their nomenclature updated

Ria Olivier Herbarium; Department of Botany; Nelson Mandela University; P.O. Box 77000; Gqeberha; 6031 South Africa
Eudicots alien flora escapes geographical distribution horticultural introductions invasive Madagascar terminology

Abstract

Data and information on exotic Kalanchoe taxa (Crassulaceae subfam. Kalanchooideae) provided in a range of floristic catalogues of regions and countries in Africa were collated and analysed to facilitate an improved understanding of the cultivation and invasion status of these taxa on the continent and the Gulf of Guinea islands. Overall, the inventory is expanded and brought up to date taxonomically and nomenclaturally. Results of the analysis are presented here as a series of tabulated inventories of the exotic Kalanchoe flora recorded for Africa. The exotic kalanchoes generally fall into two groups: (1) naturalised kalanchoes, and (2) cultivated kalanchoes. A total of 13 Kalanchoe taxa are recorded here as having become naturalised in Africa, with three, i.e., K. pinnata, K. prolifera, and K. tubiflora, especially widely, and with all three being invasive. Forty Kalanchoe taxa are recorded as being in cultivation, of which the potential spread of at least three, i.e., K. ×houghtonii, K. laetivirens, and K. scandens, apart from the three already naturalised, should be monitored and material eradicated. These three species all belong in K. [subg. Bryophyllum] sect. Invasores. The correct identification, early detection, and rapid eradication of established and emerging invasives are essential to facilitate the management of such species and to prevent their further spread.

 

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  153. Silva, V., Figueiredo, E. & Smith, G.F. (2015) Alien succulents naturalised and cultivated on the central west coast of Portugal. Bradleya 33: 58–81. https://doi.org/10.25223/brad.n33.2015.a10
  154. Silva, M.C., Izidine, S. & Amude, A.B. (2004) A preliminary checklist of the vascular plants of Mozambique. / Catálogo provisório das plantas superiores de Moçambique. Southern African Botanical Diversity Network Report No. 30. Southern African Botanical Diversity Network (SABONET), Pretoria, 183 pp.
  155. Smith, G.F. (2019) Notes on Kalanchoe ×houghtonii (Crassulaceae subfam. Kalanchooideae), an early hybrid between two species of K. subg. Bryophyllum. Haseltonia 26: 78–85. https://doi.org/10.2985/026.026.0111
  156. Smith, G.F. (2020) Taxonomy and nomenclature of Kalanchoe ×laetivirens (Crassulaceae subfam. Kalanchooideae), a further invasive nothospecies from Madagascar. Phytotaxa 460 (1): 97–109. https://doi.org/10.11646/phytotaxa.460.1.6
  157. Smith, G.F. (2021a) Reinstatement of Kalanchoe [subg. Bryophyllum] sect. Alatae (Crassulaceae subfam. Kalanchooideae) for K. porphyrocalyx and K. uniflora, two Madagascan endemics. Bradleya 39: 177–181. https://doi.org/10.25223/brad.n39.2021.a17
  158. Smith, G.F. (2021b) How Kalanchoe marmorata (Crassulaceae subfam. Kalanchooideae), a distinctive central and east African species, received its name, and the later, valid publication of K. macrantha by Maire. Phytotaxa 502 (1): 93–100. https://doi.org/10.11646/phytotaxa.502.1.7
  159. Smith, G.F. (2022a) Notes on Kalanchoe subg. Bryophyllum (Crassulaceae subfam. Kalanchooideae) and the kalanchoes of Sijfert H. Koorders (1919). Phytotaxa 549 (1): 87–96. https://doi.org/10.11646/phytotaxa.549.1.7
  160. Smith, G.F. (2022b) A review of the ecology and natural history of Kalanchoe (Crassulaceae subfam. Kalanchooideae) in southern Africa. Bradleya 40: 161–184. https://doi.org/10.25223/brad.n40.2022.a15
  161. Smith, G.F. (2022c) The taxonomy of Kalanchoe marmorata Baker (Crassulaceae subfam. Kalanchooideae), a distinctive African species, revisited. Phytotaxa 538 (2): 100–112. https://doi.org/10.11646/phytotaxa.538.2.2
  162. Smith, G.F. (2022d) (2895) Proposal to conserve the name Kalanchoe rosei against K. bouvieri (Crassulaceae subfam. Kalanchooideae). Taxon 71 (3): 693–694. https://doi.org/10.1002/tax.12748
  163. Smith, G.F. (2022e) A review of the cytotaxonomy of Kalanchoe (Crassulaceae subfam. Kalanchooideae) with reference to evolutionary trends in the genus. Phytotaxa 560 (2): 153–185. https://doi.org/10.11646/phytotaxa.560.2.2
  164. Smith, G.F. (2023) A reassessment of combinations previously proposed or published for Kalanchoe subg. Alatae (Crassulaceae subfam. Kalanchooideae) and its valid publication at the rank of subgenus. Phytotaxa 585 (1): 61–66. https://doi.org/10.11646/phytotaxa.585.1.7
  165. Smith, G.F. & Figueiredo, E. (2013) Succulent paradise. Twelve great gardens of the world. [“Les Cèdres” discussed on pp. 68–79.] Struik Lifestyle, an imprint of Random House Struik, Cape Town, 184 pp.
  166. Smith, G.F. & Figueiredo, E. (2017) Kalanchoe fedtschenkoi Raym.-Hamet & H.Perrier (Crassulaceae) is spreading in South Africa’s Klein Karoo. Bradleya 35: 80–86. https://doi.org/10.25223/brad.n35.2017.a7
  167. Smith, G.F. & Figueiredo, E. (2018) The infrageneric classification and nomenclature of Kalanchoe Adans. (Crassulaceae), with special reference to the southern African species. Bradleya 36: 162–172. https://doi.org/10.25223/brad.n36.2018.a10
  168. Smith, G.F. & Figueiredo, E. (2019) The nomenclature and correct author citation of the names Kalanchoe marnieriana H.Jacobsen ex L.Allorge and Bryophyllum marnierianum (H.Jacobsen ex L.Allorge) Govaerts (Crassulaceae), with notes on the nomenclature of some Madagascan Kalanchoe taxa. Bradleya 37: 212–217. https://doi.org/10.25223/brad.n37.2019.a19
  169. Smith, G.F. & Figueiredo, E. (2021) The floristics and phytogeography of Kalanchoe Adans. (Crassulaceae subfam. Kalanchooideae) in the Waterberg Biosphere Reserve, northern South Africa. Bradleya 39: 207–220. https://doi.org/10.25223/brad.n39.2021.a22
  170. Smith, G.F. & Figueiredo, E. (2022a) Kalanchoe beharensis ‘Pixel’ (Crassulaceae subfam. Kalanchooideae), eine neue Sorte einer populären Zierpflanze aus Madagaskar. Kakteen und andere Sukkulenten 73 (11): 329–333.
  171. Smith, G.F. & Figueiredo, E. (2022b) Nomenclatural notes on the economically important Flaming Katy, Kalanchoe blossfeldiana (Crassulaceae subfam. Kalanchooideae). Phytotaxa 549 (1): 104–110. https://doi.org/10.11646/phytotaxa.549.1.9
  172. Smith, G.F. & Figueiredo, E. (2023) Names validly published in Kalanchoe (Crassulaceae subfam. Kalanchooideae) by Louis-René ‘Edmond’ Tulasne in 1857, with reference to names proposed in sched. by Hilsenberg and Bojer for two Malagasy species, and with notes on the type of the name K. tubiflora. Phytotaxa 584 (4): 275–284. https://doi.org/10.11646/phytotaxa.584.4.4
  173. Smith, G.F., Figueiredo, E. & Mottram, R. (2018) Kalanchoe ‘Margrit’s Magic’ (Crassulaceae), a new cultivar from South Africa. Bradleya 36: 227–232. https://doi.org/10.25223/brad.n36.2018.a20
  174. Smith, G.F., Figueiredo, E. & Oberlander, K. (2022) A review and update of the conservation status of Kalanchoe species (Crassulaceae subfam. Kalanchooideae) in the Flora of Southern Africa region. Bradleya 2022 (sp40): 181–193. https://doi.org/10.25223/brad.sp40.2022.a18
  175. Smith, G.F., Figueiredo, E. & Silva, V. (2015) Kalanchoe ×houghtonii (Crassulaceae) recorded near Lisbon, Portugal. Bouteloua 20: 97–99.
  176. Smith, G.F., Figueiredo, E. & Van Wyk, A.E. (2019) Kalanchoe (Crassulaceae) in southern Africa. Classification, biology, and cultivation. Academic Press, an imprint of Elsevier, London, San Diego, Cambridge (USA), and Oxford, 328 pp. https://doi.org/10.1016/C2017-0-00602-X
  177. Smith, G.F., Figueiredo, E. & Walker, C.C. (2021b) Kalanchoe beharensis. Crassulaceae subfam. Kalanchooideae. Madagascar. Flowering Plants of Africa 67: 50–59, plate 2365. https://doi.org/10.25223/brad.n39.2021.a20
  178. Smith, G.F., Klein, D.-P. & Shtein, R. (2021d) A revision of the Malagasy Kalanchoe subg. Kitchingia (Crassulaceae subfam. Kalanchooideae): history, taxonomy, and nomenclature. Phytotaxa 507 (1): 67–80. https://doi.org/10.11646/phytotaxa.507.1.3
  179. Smith, G.F. & Monro, A.M. (2022a) The nomenclature and taxonomy of Crassulaceae subfam. Kalanchooideae resolved. Phytotaxa 555 (3): 241–251. https://doi.org/10.11646/phytotaxa.555.3.3
  180. Smith, G.F. & Monro, A.M. (2022b) (2908) Proposal to reject the name Crassulaceae subfam. Cotyledonoideae (Crassulaceae). Taxon 71 (4): 910–911. https://doi.org/10.1002/tax.12778
  181. Smith, G.F. & Shtein, R. (2021a) Typification of the name Kalanchoe daigremontiana (Crassulaceae subfam. Kalanchooideae). Phytotaxa 494 (2): 244–249. https://doi.org/10.11646/phytotaxa.494.2.8
  182. Smith, G.F. & Shtein, R. (2021b) Nomenclature and taxonomic placement of the infraspecific taxa recognised in the Madagascan Kalanchoe miniata (Crassulaceae subfam. Kalanchooideae) by Perrier de la Bâthie and Boiteau and Mannoni in the 20th century. Phytotaxa 514 (2): 118–128. https://doi.org/10.11646/phytotaxa.514.2.3
  183. Smith, G.F. & Shtein, R. (2021c) A review of horticulturally desirable characters in Kalanchoe (Crassulaceae subfam. Kalanchooideae): variable and deviating vegetative and reproductive morphologies useful in breeding programmes. Haseltonia 28: 106–119. https://doi.org/10.2985/026.028.0110
  184. Smith, G.F., Shtein, R. & Klein, D.-P. (2021c) Kalanchoe subg. Alatae (Crassulaceae subfam. Kalanchooideae), a new rank for K. sect. Alatae. Phytotaxa 509 (2): 255–258. https://doi.org/10.11646/phytotaxa.509.2.9
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