Abstract
Pilularia ethiopica is described as a new species from the highlands of Ethiopia. It is similar to P. americana, P. bokkeveldensis, and P. dracomontana, but differs from P. americana in the shorter fronds, the smaller sporocarp, the shorter pedicel, and the subterranean sporocarps at maturity. It differs from P. bokkeveldensis in the obvious circinate vernation, the smaller sporocarps, the shorter pedicel, and the subterranean sporocarps at maturity. It differs from P. dracomontana in the longer fronds, the obvious circinate vernation, the longer pedicel, and the only partly submerged habit.
References
- Bobrov, A. (1974) Piljunica – Pilularia L. In: Fedorov, A.A. (Ed.) Flora jevropejskoj czasti SSSR, vol. 1. Nauka, Leningrad, 98 pp.
- Braun, A. (1864) 15. October. Gesammtsitzung der Akademie. Hr. Braun hielt einen Vortrag über die Marsiliaceen-Gattungen Marsilia und Pilularia. Monatsberichte der Königlichen Preussische Akademie der Wissenschaften zu Berlin 1863: 413–436. [https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/page/43206513#page/441/mode/1up]
- Christenhusz, M., Lansdown, R.V., Bento Elias, R., Dyer, R., Ivanenko, Y., Rouhan, G., Rumsey, F. & Väre, H. (2017) Pilularia globulifera. The IUCN Red List of Threatened Species 2017: e.T167887A85436052. https://doi.org/10.2305/IUCN.UK.2017-2.RLTS.T167887A85436052.en
- Correll, D.S. (1956) Ferns and fern allies of Texas. Texas Research Foundation, Renner, Texas, 392 pp.
- Crouch, N.R., Klopper, R.R., Burrows, J.E. & Burrows, S.M. (2011) Ferns of Southern Africa. A comprehensive guide. Struik Nature, Cape Town, 775 pp.
- Crouch, N.R. & Wesley-Smith, J. (2011) Pteridophyta-Marsileaceae. Pilularia dracomontana, a new species of pillwort from the KwaZulu-Natal Drakensberg, South Africa. Bothalia 41 (1): 201–204. https://doi.org/10.4102/abc.v41i1.50
- Daoud-Bouattour, A., Muller, S.D., Ferchichi-Ben Jamaa, H., Ghrabi-Gammar, Z., Rhazi, L., Mokhtar Gammar, A., Raouf Karray, M., Soulié-Märsche, I., Zouaïdia, A., De Bélair, G., Grillas, P. & Saad-Limam, S.B. (2009) Recent discovery of the small pillwort (Pilularia minuta Durieu, Marsileaceae) in Tunisia: Hope for an endangered emblematic species of Mediterranean temporary pools? Comptes Rendus Biologiques 332 (10): 886–897. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.crvi.2009.07.004
- Dostál, J. & Reichstein, T. (1984) Pteridophyta. In: Kramer, K.U. (Ed.) Illustrierte Flora von Mitteleuopa, Band I. Dritte, völlig neubearbeitete Auflage. Paul Parey Berlin Hamburg, 309 pp.
- Dubina, D.V. & Czorna, G.A. (2009) Piliulnicia kulienosna Pilularia globulifera L. In: Diduch, J.P. (Ed.) Czierwona kniga Ukrainy. Globalkonsalting, Kiev, 33 pp.
- Fomin, A.V. (1934) Filicales. In: Komarov, V.L. (Ed.) Flora of the U.S.S.R., Vol. I. Smithsonian Institution, Washington, pp. 14–77. [Translated from Russian in 1968] [https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/95900#page/42/mode/1up]
- Geleta, M. & Bryngelsson, T. (2012) Population genetic analysis of Lobelia rhynchopetalum Hemsl. (Campanulaceae) using DNA sequences from ITS and eight chloroplast DNA regions. Scientific World Journal 2012: a276451. https://doi.org/10.1100/2012/276451
- Gottelli, D., Marino, J., Sillero-Zubiri, C. & Funk, S. (2004) The effect of the last glacial age on speciation and population genetic structure of the endangered Ethiopian wolf (Canis simensis). Molecular Ecology 13 (8): 2275–2286. https://doi.org/10.1111/J.1365-294X.2004.02226.X
- Hemsley, W.B. (1877) Order LXXV. Campanulaceae. In: Oliver, D. (Ed.) Flora of Tropical Africa, III Umbellifeae to Ebenaceae. L.Reeve & Co., London, pp. 463–482.
- Kirk, T. (1877) Art. LXXXI. Description of a new species of Pilularia. Transactions and Proceedings of the New Zealand Institute 9: 547, Pl. XXIV.
- Large, M.F. & Braggins, J.E. (1989) An assessment of characters of taxonomic significance in the genus Pilularia (Marsiliaceae) – with particular reference to Pilularia americana, Pilularia novae-hollandiae and Pilularia novae-zelandiae. New Zealand Journal of Botany 27 (3): 481–486. https://doi.org/10.1080/0028825X.1989.10414129
- Léon, B., Betrán, H., Carrasco-Badajoz, C., Portal-Quicaῇa, E. & Huaycha-Allcca, M. (2018) First record of Pilularia americana A.Braun (Polypodiidae, Salviniales, Marsileaceae) from Peru. Checklist 14 (2): 319–322. https://doi.org/10.15560/14.2.319
- Linnaeus, C. (1753) Species Plantarum, Tomus II. Impensis Laurentii Salvii, Holmiae, 639 pp. https://doi.org/10.5962/bhl.title.37656
- Miehe, S. & Miehe, G. (1994) Ericaceous forests and heathlands in the Bale Mountains of South Ethiopia. Ecology and man’s impact. Stiftung Walderhaltung in Afrika, Bundesforschungsanstalt für Forst- und Holzwirtschaft, Hamburg / Traute Warnke Verlag, Reinbeck, 206 pp.
- Minissale, P., Molina, J.A. & Sciandrello, S. (2017) Pilularia minuta Durieu (Marsileaceae) discovered in south-eastern Sicily: new insights on its ecology, distribution and conservation status. Botany Letters 164 (3): 197–208. https://doi.org/10.1080/23818107.2017.1357051
- Nagalingum, N.S., Nowak, M.D. & Pryer, K.M. (2008) Assessing phylogenetic relationships in extant heterosporous ferns (Salviniales), with a focus on Pilularia and Salvinia. Botanical Journal Linnean Society 157 (4): 673–685. https://doi.org/10.1111/j.1095-8339.2008.00806.x
- Rhazi, L., Grillas, P. & Rhazi, M. (2010) Pilularia minuta. The IUCN Red List of Threatened Species 2010: e.T164187A5768625. https://doi.org/10.2305/IUCN.UK.2010-2.RLTS.T164187A5768625.en
- Roux, J.P. (2002) Marsileaceae-Pteropsida. First report of the genus Pilularia from continental Africa. Bothalia 32: 82–83.
- Roux, J.P. (2009a) 21. Marsileaceae (Pilulariaceae). In: Hedberg, I., Friis, I. & Persson, E. (Eds.) Flora of Ethiopia and Eritrea, Vol. 1: Lycopodiaceae to Pinaceae. Uppsala University, Uppsala / Addis Ababa University, Addis Ababa, pp. 89–92.
- Roux, J.P. (2009b) Synopsis of the Lycopodiophyta and Pteridophyta of Africa, Madagascar and neighbouring islands. Strelitzia 23. South African National Biodiversity Institute, Pretoria, pp. 1–296.
- Rüppell, E. (1840) Neue Wirbelthiere zu der Fauna von Abyssinien gehörig. Part 1: Säugethiere. S. Schmerber, Frankfurt, 40 pp. + 14 figures. https://doi.org/10.5962/bhl.title.53778
- Şenol, S.G., Boyzel, D., Pelit, N.B. & Oğur, E. (2021) Akdeniz’e endemik ve akdeniz geçici havuzlarinin en sembolik tülerinden Pilularia minuta’nin (Marsileaceae) Türkiye’de yeniden keşfi / The rediscovery of Pilularia minuta (Marsileaceae), a Mediterranean endemic and one of the most emblematic species of Mediterranean temporary pools in Turkey. Türler ve Habitatlar 2 (1): 25–32.
- Thiers, B. (2022 ongoing) Index Herbariorum. Available from: http://sweetgum.nybg.org/science/ih/ (accessed 22 May 2022)
- Troia, A. & Lansdown, R.V. (2016) The first confirmed population of the globally endangered Pilularia minuta (Marsileaceae) in Sicily. Webbia 71 (2): 283–286. https://doi.org/10.1080/00837792.2016.1195105
- VicFlora (2023) Flora of Victoria. Royal Botanic Gardens Victoria. Available from: https://vicflora.rbg.vic.gov.au (accessed 21 June 2023)