Abstract
During our investigation of ascomycetes fungi on Poaceae, a microdochium-like fungus was collected from dead grass leaves from a terrestrial habitat in Chengdu, Sichuan Province, China. Based on morphological characterization and phylogenetic analyses, we introduce this fungus as Microdochium sichuanense sp. nov. Maximum likelihood, and Bayesian analyses of combined genes (LSU, ITS and rpb2) were performed to clarify the phylogenetic affinities of the new species. Microdochium sichuanense is phylogenetically closely related to M. hainanense and morphologically it fits the generic characteristics of Microdochium species in having ostiolate ascomata, peridium cells of textura angularis to textura prismatica, unitunicate, clavate to oblong, 8-spored asci and hyaline, oval to fusiform ascospores. The new species was compared with phylogenetically and morphologically closely related species, and detailed descriptions, micrographs, and phylogenetic trees of the new species are provided.
References
Abdelhalim, M., Brurberg, M.B., Hofgaard, I.S., Rognli, O.A. & Tronsmo, A.M. (2020) Pathogenicity, host specificity and genetic diversity in Norwegian isolates of Microdochium nivale and Microdochium majus. European Journal of Plant Pathology 156: 885–895. https:// doi.org/10.1007/s10658-020-01939-5
Chen, Y., Tian, W., Guo, Y., Madrid, H. & Maharachchikumbura, S.S.N. (2022) Synhelminthosporium gen. et sp. nov. and two new species of Helminthosporium (Massarinaceae, Pleosporales) from Sichuan Province, China. Journal of Fungi 8: 712. https:// doi.org/10.3390/jof8070712
Crous, P.W., Schumacher, R.K., Wingfeld, M.J., Akulov, A., Denman, S., Roux, J., Braun, U., Burgess, T.I., Carnegie, A.J. & Váczy, K.Z. (2018) New and interesting fungi 1. Fungal Systematics and Evolution 1: 169–215. https://doi.org/10.3114/fuse.2018.01.08
Crous, P.W., Schumacher, R.K., Akulov, A., Tangavel, R., Hernández-Restrepo, M., Carnegie, A.J., Cheewangkoon, R., Wingfeld, M.J., Summerell, B.A. & Quaedvlieg, W. (2019) New and interesting fungi 2. Fungal Systematics and Evolution 3: 57–134. https://doi.org/10.3114/fuse.2019.03.06
Crous, P.W., Wingfield, M.J., Chooi, Y.H., Gilchrist, C.L.M., Lacey, E., Pitt, J.I., Roets, F., Swart, W.J., Cano-Lira, J.F., Valenzuela-Lopez, N., Hubka, V., Shivas, R.G., Stchigel, A.M., Holdom, D.G., Jurjević, Ž., Kachalkin, A.V., Lebel, T., Lock, C., Martín, M.P., Tan, Y.P., Tomashevskaya, M.A., Vitelli, J.S., Baseia, I.G., Bhatt, V.K., Brandrud, T.E., De Souza, J.T., Dima, B., Lacey, H.J., Lombard, L., Johnston, P.R., Morte, A., Papp, V., Rodríguez, A., Rodríguez-Andrade, E., Semwal, K.C., Tegart, L., Abad, Z.G., Akulov, A., Alvarado, P., Alves, A., Andrade, J.P., Arenas, F., Asenjo, C., Ballarà, J., Barrett, M.D., Berná, L.M., Berraf-Tebbal, A., Bianchinotti, M.V., Bransgrove, K., Burgess, T.I., Carmo, F.S., Chávez, R., Čmoková, A., Dearnaley, J.D.W., Santiago, A.L.C.M. de A., Freitas-Neto, J.F., Denman, S., Douglas, B., Dovana, F., Eichmeier, A., Esteve-Raventós, F., Farid, A., Fedosova, A.G., Ferisin, G., Ferreira, R.J., Ferrer, A., Figueiredo, C.N., Figueiredo, Y.F., Reinoso-Fuentealba, C.G., Garrido-Benavent, I., Cañete-Gibas, C.F., Gil-Durán, C., Glushakova, A.M., Gonçalves, M.F.M., González, M., Gorczak, M., Gorton, C., Guard, F.E., Guarnizo, A.L., Guarro, J., Gutiérrez, M., Hamal, P., Hien, L.T., Hocking, A.D., Houbraken, J., Hunter, G.C., Inácio, C.A., Jourdan, M., Kapitonov, V.I., Kelly, L., Khanh, T.N., Kisło, K., Kiss, L., Kiyashko, A., Kolařík, M., Kruse, J., Kubátová, A., Kučera, V., Kučerová, I., Kušan, I., Lee, H.B., Levicán, G., Lewis, A., Liem, N.V., Liimatainen, K., Lim, H.J., Lyons, M.N., Maciá-Vicente, J.G., Magaña-Dueñas, V., Mahiques, R., Malysheva, E.F., Marbach, P.A.S., Marinho, P., Matočec, N., McTaggart, A.R., Mešić, A., Morin, L., Muñoz-Mohedano, J.M., Navarro-Ródenas, A., Nicolli, C.P., Oliveira, R.L., Otsing, E., Ovrebo, C.L., Pankratov, T.A., Paños, A., Paz-Conde, A., Pérez-Sierra, A., Phosri, C., Pintos, Á., Pošta, A., Prencipe, S., Rubio, E., Saitta, A., Sales, L.S., Sanhueza, L., Shuttleworth, L.A., Smith, J., Smith, M.E., Spadaro, D., Spetik, M., Sochor, M., Sochorová, Z., Sousa, J.O., Suwannasai, N., Tedersoo, L., Thanh, H.M., Thao, L.D., Tkalčec, Z., Vaghefi, N., Venzhik, A.S., Verbeken, A., Vizzini, A., Voyron, S., Wainhouse, M., Whalley, A.J.S., Wrzosek, M., Zapata, M., Zeil-Rolfe, I. & Groenewald, J.Z. (2020) Fungal Planet description sheets: 1042–1111. Persoonia 44: 301–459. https://doi.org/10.3767/persoonia.2020.44.11
Crous, P.W., Osieck, E.R., Jurjevi, Ž., Boers, J., Van Iperen, A.L., Starink-Willemse, M., Dima, B., Balashov, S., Bulgakov, T.S., Johnston, P.R. & Morozova, O.V. (2021) Fungal planet description sheets: 1284–1382. Persoonia 47: 178–374. https://doi.org/10.3767/persoonia.2021.47.06
Das, K., Lee, S.Y. & Jung, H.Y. (2020) Molecular and morphological characterization of two novel species collected from soil in Korea. Mycobiology 48: 9–19. https:// doi.org/10.1080/12298093.2019.1695717
Dissanayake, L.S., Samarakoon, M.C., Mortimer, P.E., Lu, Y.Z., Li, Q.R., Hyde, K.D. & Kang, J.C. (2020) Morpho-molecular characterization of two novel amphisphaeriaceous species from Yunnan, China. Phytotaxa 446: 144–158. https://doi.org/10.11646/phytotaxa.446.3.1
Dissanayake, L.S., Wijayawardene, N.N., Dayarathne, M.C., Samarakoon, M.C., Dai, D.Q., Hyde, K.D. & Kang, J.C. (2021a) Paraeutypella guizhouensis gen. et sp. nov. and Diatrypella longiasca sp. nov. (Diatrypaceae) from China. Biodivers Data Journal 9: 864. https://doi. org/: 10.3897/BDJ.9.e63864
Dissanayake, L.S., Maharachchikumbura, S.S.N., Mortimer, P.E., Hyde, K.D. & Kang, J.C. (2021b) Acrocordiella yunnanensis sp. nov. (Requienelaceae, Xylariales) from Yunnan, China. Phytotaxa 487: 103–113. https://doi.org/10.11646/phytotaxa.487.2.1
Dissanayake, L.S., Marasinghe, D.S., Samarakoon, M.C., Maharachchikumbura, S.S.N., Mortimer, P.E., Hyde, K.D., Kuo, C.H & Kang, J.C. (2022) Three new species of Iodosphaeria (Xylariomycetidae): I. chiayiensis, I. jinghongensis and I. thailandica. MycoKeys 86: 1–17. https://doi.org/10.3897/mycokeys.86.75801
Gao, Y., Ren, G.C., Wanasinghe, D.N., Xu, J.C., de Farias, A.R.G. & Gui, H. (2022) Two new species and a new record of Microdochium from grasses in Yunnan Province, South-West China. Journal of Fungi 8: 1297. https:// doi.org/10.3390/jof8121297
Hall, T.A. (1999) BioEdit: A user-friendly biological sequence alignment editor and analysis program for Windows 95/98/NT. Nucleic Acids Symposium Series 41: 95–98.
Hernández-Restrepo, M., Groenewald, J.Z. & Crous, P.W. (2016) Taxonomic and phylogenetic reevaluation of Microdochium, Monographella and Idriella. Persoonia 36: 57–82. https://doi.org/10.3767/003158516X688676
Hoog, G.S., Hermanides-Nijhof, E.J. (1977) The black yeasts and allied Hyphomycetes. Studies of Mycology 15: 1–222.
Huang, S., Xia, J., Zhang, X., Sun, W. & Li, Z. (2020) Two new species of Microdochium from Indocalamus longiauritus in south-western China. MycoKeys 72: 93–108. https://doi.org/10.3897/mycokeys.72.55445
Jaklitsch, W.M. & Voglmayr, H. (2012) Phylogenetic relationships of five genera of Xylariales and Rosasphaeria gen. nov. (Hypocreales). Fungal Diversity 52: 75–98. https://doi.org/10.1007/s13225-011-0104-2
Jayasiri, S.C., Hyde, K.D., Ariyawansa, H.A., Bhat, J., Buyck, B., Cai, L., Dai, Y.C., Abd-Elsalam, K.A., Ertz, D., Hidayat, I., Jeewon, R., Jones, E.B.G., Bahkali, A.H., Karunarathna, S.C., Liu, J.K., Luangsa-ard, J.J., Lumbsch, H.T., Maharachchikumbura, S.S.N., McKenzie, E.H.C., Moncalvo, J.M., Ghobad-Nejhad, M., Nilsson, H., Pang, K.A., Pereira, O.L., Phillips, A.J.L., Raspé, O., Rollins, A.W., Romero, A.I., Etayo, J., Selçuk, F., Stephenson, S.L., Suetrong, S., Taylor, J.E., Tsui, C.K.M., Vizzini, A., Abdel-Wahab, M.A., Wen, T.C., Boonmee, S., Dai, D.Q., Daranagama, D.A., Dissanayake, A.J., Ekanayaka, A.H., Fryar, S.C., Hongsanan, S., Jayawardena, R.S., Li, W.J., Perera, R.H., Phookamsak, R., de Silva, N.I., Thambugala, K.M., Tian, Q., Wijayawardene, N.N., Zhao, R.L., Zhao, Q., Kang, J.C. & Promputtha, I. (2015) The Faces of Fungi database: fungal names linked with morphology, phylogeny and human impacts. Fungal Diversity 74: 3–18. https://doi.org/10.1007/s13225-015-0351-8
Katoh, K., Rozewicki, J. & Yamada, K.D. (2019) MAFFT online service: multiple sequence alignment, interactive sequence choice and visualization. Briefngs in Bioinformatics 20: 1160–1166. https://doi.org/10.1093/bib/bbx108
Kimbrough, J.W. & Atkinson, M. (1972) Cultural features and imperfect stage of Hymenoscyphus caudatus. American Journal of Botany 59: 165–171. https://doi.org/10.1002/j.1537-2197.1972.tb10076.x
Kuraku, S., Zmasek, C.M., Nishimura, O. & Katoh, K (2013) aLeaves facilitates on-demand exploration of metazoan gene family trees on MAFFT sequence alignment server with enhanced interactivity. Nucleic Acids Research 41: 22–28 https://doi.org/10.1093/nar/gkt389
Kwasna, H. & Bateman, G.L. (2007) Microdochium triticicola sp. nov. from roots of Triticum aestivum in the United Kingdom. Mycologia 99: 765–776. https://doi.org/10.3852/mycologia.99.5.765
Li, J.F., Phookamsak, R., Jeewon, R., Tibpromma, S., Maharachchikumbura, S.S.N., Bhat, D.J., Chukeatirote, E., Lumyong, S., Hyde, K.D. & McKenzie, E.H.C. (2017) Establishment of Zygosporiaceae fam. nov. (Xylariales, Sordariomycetes) based on rDNA sequence data to accommodate Zygosporium. Mycosphere 8: 1855–1868. https://doi.org/ 10.5943/mycosphere/8/10/10
Liang, J., Li, G., Zhao, M. & Cai, L. (2019) A new leaf blight disease of turfgrasses caused by Microdochium poae sp. nov. Mycologia 111: 1–9. https:// doi.org/10.1080/00275514.2019.1569417
Liu, Y.J., Whelen, S. & Hall, B.D. (1999) Phylogenetic relationships among ascomycetes: evidence from an RNA polymerse II subunit. Molecular Biology and Evolution 16: 1799–1808. https://doi.org/10.1093/oxfordjournals.molbev.a026092
Liu, S., Liu, X., Zhang, Z., Xia, J., Zhang, X. & Meng, Z. (2022) Three new species of Microdochium (Sordariomycetes, Amphisphaeriales) on Miscanthus sinensis and Phragmites australis from Hainan, China. Journal of Fungi 8: 577. https://doi.org/ 10.3390/jof8060577
Liu, X.F., Tibpromma, S., Hughes, A.C., Chethana, K.W.T., Wijayawardene, N.N., Dai, D.Q., Du, T.Y., Elgorban, A.M., Stephenson, S.L., Suwannarach, N., Xu, J.C., Lu, L., Xu, R.F., Maharachchikumbura, S.S.N., Zhao, C.L., Bhat, D.J., Sun, Y.M., Karunarathna, S.C., Mortimer, P.E. (2023) Culturable mycota on bats in central and southern Yunnan Province, China. Mycosphere 14 (1): 497–662.
Maharachchikumbura, S.S.N., Chen, Y., Ariyawansa, H.A., Hyde, K.D., Haelewaters, D., Perera, R.H., Samarakoon, M.C., Wanasinghe, D.N., Bustamante, D.E., Liu, D.P., Lawrence, D.P., Cheewangkoon, R. & Stadler, M. (2021) Integrative approaches for species delimitation in Ascomycota. Fungal Diversity 109: 155–179. https://doi.org/10.1007/s13225-021-00486-6
Marin-Felix, Y., Hernández-Restrepo, M., Wingfield, M.J., Akulov, A., Carnegie, A.J., Cheewangkoon, R., Gramaje, D., Groenewald, J.Z., Guarnaccia, V., Halleen, F., Lombard, L., Luangsa-ard, J., Marincowitz, S., Moslemi, A., Mostert, L., Quaedvlieg, W., Schumacher, R.K., Spies, C.F.J., Thangavel, R., Taylor, P.W.J., Wilson, A.M., Wingfield, B.D., Wood, A.R. & Crous, P.W. (2019) Genera of phytopathogenic fungi: GOPHY 2. Studies in Mycology 92: 47–133. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.simyco.2018.04.002
Matsushima, T. (1989) Matsushima Mycological Memoirs No. 6; Matsushima Fungus Collection: Kobe, Japan, Volume 6, pp. 1–100.
Miller, M.A., Pfeiffer, W. & Schwartz, T. (2012) Creating the CIPRES Science Gateway for inference of large phylogenetic trees. In: Gateway Computing Environments Workshop. New Orleans, LA ACM, New York, NY. https://doi.org/10.1109/GCE.2010.5676129
Nylander, J.A. (2004) MrModeltest v2. Program distributed by the author. Department of Systematic Zoology; Evolutionary Biology Centre, Uppsala University: Uppsala, Sweden.
Parkinson, V.O., Sivanesan, A. & Booth, C. (1981) The perfect state of the rice leaf-scald fungus and the taxonomy of both the perfect and imperfect states. Transactions of the British Mycological Society 76: 59–69.
Rambaut, A. & Drummond, A.J. (2012) FigTree: Tree Figure Drawing Tool; Institute of Evolutionary Biology, University of Edinburgh: Edinburgh, Scotland.
Ronquist, F., Teslenko, M., Van Der Mark, P., Ayres, D.L., Darling, A., Höhna, S. & Huelsenbeck, J.P. (2012) MrBayes 3.2: efcient Bayesian phylogenetic inference and model choice across a large model space. Systematic Biology 61: 539–542. https://doi.org/10.1093/sysbio/sys029
Samuels, G.J. & Hallett, I.C. (1983) Microdochium stoveri and Monographella stoveri, new combinations for Fusarium stoveri and Micronectriella stoveri. Transactions of the British Mycological Society 81: 473–483.
Senanayake, I.C., Rathnayaka, A.R., Marasinghe, D.S., Calabon, M.S., Gentekaki, E., Wanasinghe, D.N., Lee, H.B., Hurdeal, V.G., Pem, D., Dissanayake, L.S., Wijesinghe, S.N., Bundhun, D., Nguyen, T.T., Goonasekara, I.D., Abeywickrama, P.D., Bhunjun, C.S., Chomnunti, P., Boonmee, S., Jayawardena, R.S., Wijayawardene, N.N., Doilom, M., Jeewon, R., Bhat, J.D., Zhang, H.X. & Xie, N. (2020) Morphological approaches in studying fungi: collection, examination, isolation, sporulation and preservation. Mycosphere 11: 2678–2754. https://doi.org/10.5943/mycosphere/11/1/20
Stamatakis, A. (2014) RAxML version 8: A tool for phylogenetic analysis and post-analysis of large phylogenies. Bioinformatics 30: 1312–1313. https://doi.org/10.1093/bioinformatics/btu033
Sung, G.H., Sung, J.M., Hywel-Jones, N.L. & Spatafora, J.W. (2007) A multi-gene phylogeny of Clavicipitaceae (Ascomycota, Fungi): identification of localized incongruence using a combinational bootstrap approach. Molecular Phylogenetics and Evolution 44: 1204–1223. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.ympev.2007.03.011
Swofford, D.L. (2003) PAUP*. Phylogenetic analysis using parsimony (*and other methods). Version 4. Sinauer Associates, Sunderland, Massachusetts.
Tang, D.X., Zou, W.Q., Wang, Y.M., Huang, O. & Yu, H. (2022) Morphology and phylogeny of Microdochium chuxiongense sp. nov., a fungus from Southwest China. Phytotaxa 555: 147–158. https://doi.org/10.11646/phytotaxa.555.2.3
Vilgalys, R. & Hester, M. (1990) Rapid genetic identification and mapping of enzymatically amplified ribosomal DNA from several Cryptococcus species. Journal of Bacteriology 172: 4238–4246. https://doi.org/10.1128/JB.172.8.4238-4246.1990
Von Arx, J.A. (1984) Notes on Monographella and Microdochium. Transactions of the British Mycological Society 83: 373–374.
Wanasinghe, D.N. & Mortimer, P.E. (2022) Taxonomic and phylogenetic insights into novel Ascomycota from forest woody litter. Biology, 11: 889. https://doi.org/10.3390/biology11060889
White, T.J., Bruns, T., Lee, J. & Taylor, S.B. (1990) Amplification and direct sequencing of fungal ribosomal RNA genes for phylogenetics. In: Innis, M.A., Gelfand, D.H., Sninsky, J.J. & White, T.J. (Eds.) PCR protocols: a guide to methods and applications. Academic Press, San Diego, California, USA, pp. 315–322. https://doi.org/10.1016/B978-0-12-372180-8.50042-1
Zhang, W., Nan, Z.B., Tian, P., Hu, M.J., Gao, Z.Y., Li, M. & Liu, G.D. (2015) Microdochium paspali, a new species causing Seashore paspalum disease in southern China. Mycologia 107: 80–89. https://doi.org/10.3852/14-119
Zhang, Z.F., Liu, F., Zhou, X., Liu, X.Z., Liu, S.J. & Cai, L. (2017) Culturable mycobiota from karst caves in China, with descriptions of 20 new species. Persoonia 39: 1–31. https://doi.org/10.3767/persoonia.2017.39.01