Skip to main content Skip to main navigation menu Skip to site footer
Responsive image
Issue: Vol. 639 No. 1: 6 Mar. 2024
Type: Monograph
Published: 2024-03-06
DOI: 10.11646/phytotaxa.639.1.1
Page range: 1-69
Abstract views: 88
PDF downloaded: 2

Towards a Monophyletic Infrageneric Circumscription of Adesmia DC. (Dalbergieae, Leguminosae): a Taxonomic Revision in Adesmia series Adesmia

Universidade Estadual de São Paulo, Instituto de Biociências de Botucatu, Departamento de Botânica, PO BOX 510, 18618-970, Botucatu, São Paulo, Brazil.
Universidade Federal de Pelotas, Instituto de Biologia, Departamento de Botânica, PO BOX 354, 96010-900, Pelotas, Rio Grande do Sul, Brazil.
Universidade Federal do Rio Grande do Sul, Programa de Pós-Graduação em Botânica, Avenida Bento Gonçalves, 9500, 91501-970, Porto Alegre, Rio Grande do Sul, Brazil.
Integrative Biology, 1 University Station A6700, The University of Texas, Austin, TX 78712, USA.
Royal Botanic Gardens Kew, Richmond, UK.
Accelerated Taxonomy Department, Royal Botanic Gardens, Kew, Richmond, Surrey TW9 3AE, UK.
Accelerated Taxonomy Department, Royal Botanic Gardens, Kew, Richmond, Surrey TW9 3AE, UK.
Royal Botanic Garden Edinburgh, UK.
Department of Biological Sciences, California State Polytechnic University, Humboldt, Arcata, California, USA.
Universidade Estadual de São Paulo, Instituto de Biociências de Botucatu, Departamento de Botânica, PO BOX 510, 18618-970, Botucatu, São Paulo, Brazil.
Adesmia clade Fabaceae Papilionoideae Phylogeny Taxonomy Eudicots

Abstract

The Adesmia clade comprises five genera, with Adesmia being the most diverse and speciose, and formerly containing 206 species and 37 varieties, distributed in two subgenera and 43 series. The genus inhabits almost exclusively the South American Arid Diagonal, which hosts some of the driest environments on Earth. Within Adesmia subgenus Adesmia, three series primarily inhabit the Pampa grasslands: series Muricatae, Bicolores, and Subnudae. These taxonomically complex series display overlapping morphological characters and geographical distribution ranges, and their monophyly has never been tested. We carried out a thorough systematic study of the three series, combining Maximum Likelihood and Bayesian analyses of 87 sequences of nrITS DNA of Adesmia. Beased on our phylogenetic results, we provide a taxonomic revision of the species in series Muricatae, Bicolores, and Subnudae. Series Subnudae and Bicolores are nested within series Muricatae, and synonymization of the first two under series Muricatae is here proposed. Three clades containing species with geographical and morphological coherence were unraveled inside Adesmia. Three varieties are elevated to species level, and another six were reduced to synonyms. Seven lectotypes and one neotype are proposed. We recognize 21 species in the new circumscription of Adesmia series Muricatae, and provide a species identification key, descriptions, illustrations, and maps, as well as comments on phenology, taxonomy, etymology, distribution, and habitat. We also present conservation assessments for the species of the series.

References

  1. Altschul, S.F., Gish, W., Miller, W., Myers, E.W. & Lipman, D.J. (1990) Basic alignment search tool. Journal of Molecular Biology 215 (3): 403–410. https://doi.org/10.1016/S0022-2836(05)80360-2
  2. Arana, M.D., Natale, E., Ferretti, N., Romano, G., Oggero, A., Martínez, G., Posadas, P. & Morrone, J.J. (2021) Esquema Biogeográfico de La República Argentina. 1ª ed. Opera Lilloana 56, Fundación Miguel Lillo, Tucumán, Argentina. 240 pp. [ISBN: 978-950-668-039-8]
  3. Araújo, A.A. (1940) Leguminosas Forrageiras do Rio Grande do Sul. Babosas, Pega-pegas, Urinárias e outras. Secretaria de Estado dos Negócios da Agricultura, Indústria e Comércio, Porto Alegre, Estado do Rio Grande do Sul, Brasil. Boletim 60 (2): 8–26.
  4. Arechavaleta, J. (1901) Flora Uruguaya 1. Anales del Museo de Historia Natural de Montevideo 3 (20): 346–353.
  5. Bachman, S., Moat, J., Hill, A.W., de la Torre, J. & Scott, B. (2011) Supporting Red List threat assessments with GeoCAT: geospatial conservation assessment tool. Zookeys 150: 117–126. https://doi.org/10.3897/zookeys.150.2109
  6. Bentham, G. (1859) Leguminosae: Papilionaceae. In: Martius, C.F.P., Endlicher, A.C. & Urban, J. eds Flora Brasiliensis 15 (1): 52–56. Munique Lipsiae apud Frid. Fleischer.
  7. Bianco, C.A. & Weberling, F. (1999) A new species of the genus Adesmia DC. (Fabaceae) from southern Córdoba, Argentina. Feddes Repertorium 110: 515–520. https://doi.org/10.1002/fedr.19991100710
  8. Burkart, A. (1939) Catálogo de las espécies de Adesmia conocidas de la Flora Argentina. Darwiniana 3 (2): 303–346.
  9. Burkart, A. (1949) Contribuición al estudio del género Adesmia (Leguminosae). Lilloa 15: 1–17.
  10. Burkart, A. (1954) Contribuición al estudio del género Adesmia (Leguminosae) II. Darwiniana 10 (4): 465–544.
  11. Burkart, A. (1960) Contribuición al estudio del género Adesmia (Leguminosae) III. Darwiniana 12 (1): 81–136.
  12. Burkart, A. (1966) Contribuición al estudio del género Adesmia (Leguminosae) VI. Darwiniana 14 (2/3): 463–568.
  13. Burkart, A. (1967a) Sinopsis del género sudamericano de Leguminosas Adesmia DC. (Contribución al estudio del género Adesmia VII). Darwiniana 14: 463–568.
  14. Burkart, A. (1967b) Leguminosae. In: Cabrera, A.L. (Ed.) Flora de la Provincia de Buenos Aires. vol. 4 (3). INTA, Buenos Aires, pp. 464–484.
  15. Cândido, E.S., Vatanparast, M., Vargas, W., Bezerra, L.M.P.A., Lewis, G.P., Mansano, V.F., Simões, A.O., Silva, M.J., Stirton, C., Tozzi, A.M.G.A. & Fortuna-Perez, A.P. (2020) Molecular phylogenetic insights into the evolution of Eriosema (Fabaceae): a recent tropical savanna-adapted genus. Botanical Journal of the Linnean Society 194 (4): 439–459. https://doi.org/10.1093/botlinnean/boaa059
  16. Capella-Gutiérrez, S., Silla-Martínez, J.M. & Gabaldón, T. (2009) trimAl: A tool for automated alignment trimming in large-scale phylogenetic analyses. Bioinformatics 25 (15) 1972–1973. https://doi.org/10/bjhdh7
  17. Cardoso, D. Queiroz, L.P., Pennington, R.T., Lima, H.C., Fonty, E. Wojciechowski, M.F. & Lavin, M. (2012) Revisiting the phylogeny of Papilionoid Legumes: New insights from comprehensively sampled early-branching lineages. American Journal of Botany 99 (12): 1991–2013. https://doi.org/10.3732/ajb.1200380
  18. Castronovo, A. (1945) Estudos cariologicos de doce especies de leguminosas argentinas. Darwiniana 7: 38–57.
  19. Chodat, R. Wilczek, E. (1902) Contributions A la Flore de la Republique Argentine. Bulletin de l’Herbier Boissier 2 (2): 475–493.
  20. Choi, I-S., Cardoso, D., Queiroz, L.P, Lima, H.C., Lee, C. Ruhlman, T.A., Jansen, R.K. & Wojciechowski, M.F. (2022) Highly Resolved Papilionoid Legume Phylogeny Based on Plastid Phylogenomics. Frontiers in Plant Science 13: 823190. https://doi.org/10.3389/fpls.2022.823190
  21. Clos, D. (1846) Adesmia. In: Gay, C. (Ed.) Flora Chilena, Hístoria Física y política de Chile: Botânica. Vol. 2. Museo de historia natural de Santiago, Santiago, pp. 151–205.
  22. Coelho, L.G.M. & Battistin, A. (1998a) Estudos citogenéticos em cinco espécies de Adesmia DC. (Leguminosae-Faboideae) nativas no Rio Grande do Sul. Ciência Rural 28: 41–45. https://doi.org/10.1590/S0103-84781998000100007
  23. Coelho, L.G.M. & Battistin, A. (1998b) Meiotic behaviour of Adesmia DC. (Leguminosae-Faboideae) species native to Rio Grande do Sul, Brazil. Genetics and Molecular Biology 21: 403–406. https://doi.org/10.1590/S1415-47571998000300020
  24. CRIA (2022) speciesLink, Centro de Referência em Informação Ambiental. Available from: http://www.splink.org.br/ (accessed: 11 Decemebr 2022).
  25. Davyt, M. & Izaguirre, P. (1996) Sinopsis de las espécies y variedades del género Adesmia DC. (Fabaceae – Adesmieae) em el Uruguay. Parodiana 9: 89–114.
  26. de Candolle, A.P. (1825a) Prodromus Systematis Naturalis Regni Vegetabilis. Vol. 2. Vevitque Eorumdem Bibliopolio, Paris, 644 pp.
  27. de Candolle, A.P. (1825b) Notes sur quelques genres et espèces nouvelles de Légumineuses. Annales des Sciences Naturelles (Paris) 4: 94–95.
  28. ESRI (2016) ArcGIS. Environmental Systems Research Institute, Redlands, California.
  29. Fortuna-Perez, A.P., Marinho, C.R., Vatanparast, M., Vargas, W., Iganci, J.R.V., Lewis, G.P., Cândido, E.S., Moura, T.M., Monteiro, T.C., Miotto, S.T.S. & Teixeira, S.P. (2021) Secretory structures of the Adesmia clade (Leguminosae): Implications for evolutionary adaptation in dry environments. Perspectives in Plant Ecology, Evolution and Systematics 48: 125588. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.ppees.2020.125588
  30. GBIF (2021) GBIF Occurrence Download. https://doi.org/10.15468/dl.mggb8e
  31. Gmelin, J.F. (1791) Systema naturae per regna tria naturae: secundum classes, ordines, genera, species, cum characteribus, differentiis, synonymis, locis. Vol. 2. Impensis Georg. Emanuel. Beer, Leipzig. 1661 pp.
  32. Gray, A. (1854) Botany. Phanerogamia. United States Exploring Expedition. C. Sherman, Philadelphia, 777 pp. https://doi.org/10.5962/bhl.title.61410
  33. Groom, A. (2012) Adesmia cordobensis. The IUCN Red List of Threatened Species. https://dx.doi.org/10.2305/IUCN.UK.2012.RLTS.T19892905A20001859.en
  34. Guindon, S., Dufayard, J., Lefort, V., Anisimova, M., Hordijk, W. & Gascuel, O. (2010) New Algorithms and Methods to Estimate Maximum-Likelihood Phylogenies: Assessing the Performance of PhyML 3.0. Systematic Biology 59 (3): 307–321. https://doi.org/10.1093/sysbio/syq010
  35. Hasenack, H., da Silva, J.S., Weber, E. & Hofmann, G.S. (2017) A digital version of Hueck’s vegetation map of South America: 50 years after the release of his book on the sub-continent’s forests. Geografía y Sistemas de Información Geográfica (GEOSIG), 9: 1–5. ISSN 1852-8031. [http://www.gesig-proeg.com.ar]
  36. Hauman, L.M. (1913) Étude Phytogeographique de la Región du Río Negro inférieur (Républiqué Argentine). Anales del Museo Nacional de Historia Natural de Buenos Aires 24 (3): 289–444.
  37. HVAA (2022) Available from: https://herbariovaa.org/index.php (accessed: 11 December 2022).
  38. Herter, W.G. (1943) Species uruguayensis novae. Candollea 10: 87–88.
  39. Hicken, C.M. (1916) Plantae Fischerianae, Contribuición al Conocimiento de la Flora del Río Negro. Physis (Buenos Aires) 2 (9): 1–18.
  40. Hoang, D.T., Chernomor, O., von Haeseler, A., Minh, B.Q. & Vinh, L.S. (2018) UFBoot2: Improving the ultrafast bootstrap approximation. Molecular Biology and Evolution 35: 518–522. https://doi.org/10.1093/molbev/msx281
  41. Hooker, J.D. & Arnott, G.A.W. (1833) Botanical Miscellany. Vol. 3. John Murray, Albemarle-street, London, 389 pp.
  42. Hooker, J.D. (1844) Flora Antarctica. Vol. 1. Reeve Brothers, London, 574 pp.
  43. Hunziker, J.H., Xifreda, C.C., Wulff, A.F. & Wulf, A.R. (1985) Estudios cromosomicos en Angiospermas de Sudamerica. Darwiniana 26 (1/4): 7–14.
  44. Iganci, J.R.V., Heiden, G., Miotto, S.T.S. & Pennington, R.T. (2011) Campos de Cima da Serra: the Brazilian Subtropical Highland Grasslands show an unexpected level of plant endemism. Botanical Journal of the Linnean Society 167 (4): 378–393. https://doi.org/10.1111/j.1095-8339.2011.01182.x
  45. Iganci, J.R.V., Miotto, S.T.S., Souza-Chies, T.T., Särkinen, T.E., Simpson, B.B., Simon, M.F. & Pennington, R.T. (2013) Diversification history of Adesmia ser. Psoraleoides (Leguminosae): Evolutionary processes and the colonization of the southern Brazilian highland grasslands. South African Journal of Botany 89: 257–264. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.sajb.2013.06.016
  46. IUCN (2019) Guidelines for Using the IUCN Red List Categories and Criteria, version 14. Available from: http://www.iucnredlist.org/documents/RedListGuidelines.pdf (accessed: 27 March 2019).
  47. Jacquin, N.J. (1760) Enumeratio Systematica Plantarum, quas in insulis Caribaeis. Theodorum Haak, Leiden, 41 pp. https://doi.org/10.5962/bhl.title.100687
  48. Jacquin, N.J. (1795) Icones Plantarum Rariorum. Vol. 3. C.F. Wappler., Vindobonae, 24 pp.
  49. JSTOR (2022) JSTOR Global Plants. Available from: https://plants.jstor.org/ (accessed: 11 December 2022).
  50. Jussieu, A.L. (1789) Genera Plantarum. Herissant et Theophilum Barrois, Paris, 498 pp.
  51. Kalyaanamoorthy, S., Minh, B.Q., Wong, T.K.F., von Haeseler, A. & Jermiin, L.S. (2017) ModelFinder: fast model selection for accurate phylogenetic estimates. Nature Methods 14: 587–589. https://doi.org/10.1038/nmeth.4285
  52. Katoh, K. & Standley, D.M. (2013) MAFFT: Iterative Refinement and Additional Methods. In: Russell, D. (ed.) Multiple Sequence Alignment Methods. Methods in Molecular Biology, vol. 1079. Humana Press, Totowa, NJ, pp. 131–146. https://doi.org/10.1007/978-1-62703-646-7_8
  53. Kearse, M., Moir, R., Wilson, A., Stones-Havas, S., Cheung, M., Sturrock, S., Buxton, S., Cooper, A., Markowitz, S., Duran, C., Thierer, T., Ashton, B., Mentjies, P. & Drummond, A. (2012) Geneious Basic: an integrated and extendable desktop software platform for the organization and analysis of sequence data. Bioinformatics 28 (12): 1647–1649. https://doi.org/10.1093/bioinformatics/bts199
  54. Klitgaard, B. & Lavin, M. (2005) Tribe Dalbergieae. In: Lewis, G. Schrire, B. Mackinder, B. & Lock, M. Legumes of the World. Royal Botanic Gardens, Kew, London, pp. 307–335.
  55. Kunth, C.S. (1824) Nova Genera et Species Plantarum, tomo VI. Gide Filium, Bibliopolam, Lutetiae Parisiorum, 542 pp.
  56. Kuntze, O. (1891) Revisio Generum Plantarum. Vol. 1. A. Felix, Leipzig, 374 pp.
  57. Kuntze, O. (1898) Revisio Generum Plantarum. Vol. 3. A. Felix, Leipzig, 576 pp.
  58. Kurtz, F. (1897) Enumeración de las plantas recogidas por G. Bodenbender en la Precordillera de Mendoza. Boletín de la Academia Nacional de Ciencias, Córdoba, Argentina 15: 510.
  59. Lamarck, J.B.P.A.M. & De Candolle, A.P. (1815) Flore Française. Troisième Édition, Vol. 4. Chez Desray, Paris, 944 pp.
  60. Lanfear, R., Calcott, B., Ho, S.Y.W. & Guindon, S. (2012) PartitionFinder: Combined Selection of Partitioning Schemes and Substitution Models for Phylogenetic Analyses. Molecular Phylogenetics and Evolution 29 (6): 1695–1701. https://doi.org/10.1093/molbev/mss020
  61. Lanfear, R., Frandsen, P.B., Wright, A.M., Senfeld, T. & Calcott, B. (2017) PartitionFinder 2: New Methods for Selecting Partitioned Models of Evolution for Molecular and Morphological Phylogenetic Analyses. Molecular Phylogenetics and Evolution 34 (3): 772–773. https://doi.org/10.1093/molbev/msw260
  62. Lagasca, M.S. (1816) Genera et species plantarum. Matriti: ex Typographya Regia, Matritum, 35 pp.
  63. Larsson, A. (2014) AliView: a fast and lightweight alignment viewer and editor for large datasets. Bioinformatics 30 (22): 3276–3278. https://doi.org/10.1093/bioinformatics/btu531
  64. Lartillot, N., Rodrigue, N., Stubbs, D. & Richer, J. (2013) PhyloBayes MPI: Phylogenetic Reconstruction with Infinite Mixtures of Profiles in a Parallel Environment. Systematic Biology 62 (4): 611–615. https://doi.org/10.1093/sysbio/syt022
  65. Lavin, M. Pennington, R.T. Klitgaard, B.B. Sprent, J.I. Lima, H.C. de & Gasson, P.E. (2001) The Dalbergioid legumes (Fabaceae): delimitation of a pantropical monophyletic clade. American Journal of Botany 88 (1): 503–533. https://doi.org/10.2307/2657116
  66. Lewis, G., Schrire, B., Mackinder, B., & Lock, M. (2005) Legumes of the World. Royal Botanic Gardens, Kew, London, 577 pp.
  67. Linnaeus, C. (1753) Species Plantarum. Impensis Laurentii Salvii, Holmiae, 1200 pp.
  68. LPWG et al. (2021) The World Checklist of Vascular Plants (WCVP): Fabaceae (R. Govaerts, Ed.). Royal Botanic Gardens, Kew, London. Available from: http://sftp.kew.org/pub/data_collaborations/Fabaceae/DwCA/ (accessed: 11 December 2022)
  69. Looser, G. (1936) Cambio de nombre de una Adesmia del Uruguay. Revista Sudamericana de Botánica 3: 145.
  70. Luebert, F. (2021) The Two South American dry diagonals. Frontiers of Biogeography 13 (4): e51267. https://doi.org/10.21425/F5FBG51267
  71. Macloskie, G. (1905) Leguminosae. In: Hatcher, J.B. & Scott, W.B. (Eds.) Reports of the Princeton University Expeditions to Patagonia, Botany, vol. 8 (2). The University, Princeton, pp. 485–531.
  72. Miotto, S.T.S. (1993) Quatro Espécies Novas de Adesmia DC. (Leguminosae-Faboideae) do Sul do Brasil. Bradea, Boletim do Herbarium Bradeanum 6 (29): 248–258.
  73. Miotto, S.T.S. & Leitão Filho, H.F. (1993) Leguminosae-Faboideae - Gênero Adesmia. Flora Ilustrada do Rio Grande do Sul vol. 23, Boletim do ICB 52: 1–157.
  74. Miotto, S.T.S & Forni-Martins, E.R. (1994) Número cromossômico em espécies brasileiras de Adesmia DC. (Leguminosae-Faboideae). Acta Botanica Brasilica 8: 3–9. https://doi.org/10.1590/S0102-33061994000100001
  75. Monteiro, T.C., Iganci, J.R.V., Seixas, D.P., Rodrigues, T.M. & Fortuna-Perez, A.P. (2021a) A New Species of Adesmia (Leguminosae, Papilionoideae, Dalbergieae) from Southern Brazil, with Notes on Leaf Anatomy. Phytotaxa 521 (1): 48–56. https://doi.org/10.11646/phytotaxa.521.1.5
  76. Monteiro, T.C., Iganci, J.R.V., Miotto, S.T.S & Fortuna-Perez, A.P. (2021b) Adesmia subtropicalis (Leguminosae, Papilionoideae, Dalbergieae), a new endangered species from the Brazilian Pampas. Phytotaxa 521 (3): 219–226. https://doi.org/10.11646/phytotaxa.521.3.7
  77. Nguyen, L.T., Schmidt, H.A., von Haeseler, A. & Minh, B.Q. (2015) IQ-TREE: a fast and effective stochastic algorithm for estimating maximum likelihood phylogenies. Molecular Biology and Evolution 32: 268–274. https://doi.org/10.1093/molbev/msu300
  78. Ogden, T.H. & Rosenberg, M.S. (2006) Multiple Sequence Alignment Accuracy and Phylogenetic Inference. Systematic Biology 55 (2): 314–328. https://doi.org/10.1080/10635150500541730
  79. Oliveira, T.E., Freitas, D.S., Gianezini, M., Ruviaro, C.F., Zago, D., Mércio, T.Z., Dias, E.A., Lampert, V.N. & Barcellos, J.O.J. (2017) Agricultural land use change in the Brazilian Pampa Biome: The reduction of natural grasslands. Land Use Policy 63: 394–400. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.landusepol.2017.02.010
  80. Overbeck, G.E., Muller, S.C., Fidelis, A., Pfadenhauer, J., Pillar, V.D., Blanco, C.C., Boldrini, I.I., Both, R. & Forneck, E.D. (2007) Brazil’s neglected biome: The South Brazilian Campos. Perspectives in Plant Ecology, Evolution and Systematics 9 (2): 101–116. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.ppees.2007.07.005
  81. Phillipi, R.A. (1864) Plantarum Novarum Chilensium. Linnaea 33: 1–308.
  82. Phillipi, R.A. (1865) Descripción de algunas plantas de la Cordillera entre Santiago y Mendoza. Anales de la Universidad de Chile 27: 334.
  83. Pignal, M., Romaniuc-Neto, S., De Souza, S., Chagnoux, S. & Lange-Canhos, D.A. (2013) Saint-Hilaire virtual herbarium, a new upgradeable tool to study Brazilian botany. Adansonia 35 (1): 7–18. https://doi.org/10.5252/a2013n1a1
  84. Poiret, J.L.M. (1804) Sanfoin. Hedysarum. In: Lamarck, J.B.P.A.M. & Poiret, J.L.M. (Eds.) Encyclopédie méthodique, Botanique vol. 6. Panckoucke, Plomteux, Paris, Liège, pp. 395–449.
  85. Reflora (2022) Herbário Virtual. Available from: http://reflora.jbrj.gov.br/reflora/herbarioVirtual/ (accessed: 11 December 2022).
  86. Rusby, H.H. (1896) An Enumeration of the Plants Collected in Bolivia by Miguel Bang.–III. Memoirs of the Torrey Botanical Club 6 (1): 1–130.
  87. Salariato, D.L., Zanotti, C. & Zuoloaga, F.O. (2021) Threat patterns and conservation status of endemic vascular flora in Argentina: a quantitative perspective. Phytotaxa 520 (1): 21–39. https://doi.org/10.11646/phytotaxa.520.1.2
  88. Sarkinen, T.E. & Hughes, C.E. (2015) Systematics and Biogeography of Amicia (Leguminosae, Papilionoideae). Systematic Botany Monographs vol. 98. American Society of Plant Taxonomists, Laramie, Wyoming, United States of America. 72 pp. ISSN 0737-8211.
  89. Schrank, F.P. (1808) Denkschriften der Königlichen Akademie der Wissenschaften. Munchen 1: 91–98.
  90. Schrire, B.D., Lavin, M. & Lewis, G.P. (2005) Global distribution patterns of the Leguminosae: Insights from recent phylogenies. Biologiske Skrifter 55: 375–422.
  91. Siniscalchi, C.M., Kates, H.R., Soltis, P.S., Soltis, D.E., Guralnick, R.P. & Folk, R.A. (2022) Testing the evolutionary drivers of nitrogen-fixing symbioses in challenging soil environments. Bioxrx preprint. Version posted on 28 September 2022. (Accessed on 12 December 2022). https://doi.org/10.1101/2022.09.27.509719
  92. Skottsberg, C. (1947) Notes on some annual species of Adesmia DC. from central Chile. Meddelande fran Göteborgs Bot. Trädgard. 17: 165–190.
  93. Spegazzini, C. (1902) Nova addenda ad Floram Patagonicam. Anales del Museo Nacional de Buenos Aires 7: 273.
  94. Sprengel, C. (1826) Systema Vegetabilium. Librarie Dieterichianae. Göttingen. 3: 321–322.
  95. Steudel, E.T. (1840) Nomenclator Botanicus. Sumptibus J. G. Cottae, Stuttgartiae, 810 pp.
  96. Sun, Y., Skinner, Z., Liang, G.H. & Hulbert, S.H. (1994) Phylogenetic analysis of Sorghum and related taxa using internal transcribed spacers of nuclear ribosomal DNA. Theoretical and Applied Genetics 89: 26–32. https://doi.org/10.1007/BF00226978
  97. Tedesco, S.B., Schifino-Wittmann, M.T. & Dall’Agnol, M. (2002) Meiotic behaviour and pollen fertility in the seventeen Brazilian species of Adesmia DC. (Leguminosae). Caryologia: International Journal of Cytology, Cytosystematics and Cytogenetics 55 (4): 341–347. https://doi.org/10.1080/00087114.2002.10797885
  98. Turland, N.J., Wiersema, J.H., Barrie, F.R., Greuter, W., Hawksworth, D.L., Herendeen, P.S., Knapp, S., Kusber, W.-H., Li, D.-Z., Marhold, K., May, T.W., McNeill, J., Monro, A.M., Prado, J., Price, M.J. & Smith, G.F. (2018) International Code of Nomenclature for algae, fungi, and plants (Shenzhen Code) Regnum Vegetabile 159. Koeltz Botanical Books, Glashütten, 254 pp. https://doi.org/10.12705/Code.2018
  99. Ulibarri, E.A. (1980) Notas sobre Adesmia I (Leguminosae). Darwiniana 22: 493–498.
  100. Ulibarri, E.A. (1986) Las especies de Adesmia de la serie Microphyllae (Leguminosae – Papilionoideae). Darwiniana 27: 315–388.
  101. Ulibarri, E.A. & Burkart, A. (2000) Sinopsis de las especies de Adesmia (Leguminosae-Papilionoideae) de la Argentina. Darwiniana 38: 59–126.
  102. Vargas, C. & Burkart, A. (1944) De Novis Speciebus Florae Peruvianae. Bol. Mus. Hist. Nat. “Javier Prado” 8: 215–219.
  103. Ventenat, E.P. (1807) Notice sur les plantes qui seront publiées dans les cinq dernières livraison de l’ouvrage intitulée “Choix des plantes”. Mémoires de la Classe des Sciences, Mathematique et Physique de l’Institut National de France, Paris 8: 4–6.
  104. Vogel, T. (1836) De Plantis in Expeditione Speculatoria Romanzoffiana Observatis Dissere Pergitur. Leguminosae. Linnaea 10: 582–603.
  105. Vogel, T. (1838) Adesmia. Linnaea 12: 72–81.