Skip to main content Skip to main navigation menu Skip to site footer
Responsive image
Issue: Vol. 630 No. 4: 21 Dec. 2023
Type: Article
Published: 2023-12-21
DOI: 10.11646/phytotaxa.630.4.2
Page range: 266-280
Abstract views: 112
PDF downloaded: 11

A nomenclatural and taxonomic review of the names and new combination published between 1886 and 1931 in Kalanchoe (Crassulaceae subfam. Kalanchooideae) by British botanist Nicholas Edward Brown (1849–1934)

Ria Olivier Herbarium; Department of Botany; Nelson Mandela University; P.O. Box 77000; Gqeberha; 6031 South Africa
Africa typification Eudicots

Abstract

The British botanist Nicholas Edward Brown (1849–1934) who worked in the Herbarium of the Royal Botanic Gardens, Kew, from 1873 until well beyond his retirement, had a special interest in succulent plants, predominantly, but not exclusively, the Aizoaceae, the vygie family. He also described 12 species of Kalanchoe (Crassulaceae subfam. Kalanchooideae) as new, and published one new combination in the genus for a species that he had earlier placed in Cotyledon. The nomenclature and taxonomy of the names published in Kalanchoe by Brown is reviewed and discussed in a historical context. Where necessary, the names are typified.

 

References

  1. Adanson, M. (1763 [July–August]) Familles des plantes. Contenant une Préface Historike fur l’état ancien & actuel de la Botanike, & une Téorie de cette Science. II. Partie. Chez Vincent, Imprimeur-Libraire de Mgr le Comte de Provence, rue S, Severin, Paris, 640 pp. Available from: https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/6958#page/794/mode/1up (accessed: 20 December 2023).
  2. Andrews, H.[C.] (1798 [Jan.–Dec.] [1797–1815]) The botanist’s repository, for new, and rare plants. Containing coloured figures of such plants, as have not hitherto appeared in any similar publication; with all their essential characters, botanically arranged, after the sexual system of the celebrated Linnaeus; in English and Latin. To each description is added, a short history of the plant, as to its time of flowering, culture, native place of growth, when introduced, and by whom. The whole executed by Henry Andrews, author of the coloured engravings of heaths, in folio. [Vereia crenata Andrews, basionym of Kalanchoe crenata (Andrews) Haw. treated in Vol. 1: t. 21 (1798).] Printed by T. Bensley, and published by the author, No 5, Knightsbridge. To be had of J. White, Fleet-street, and all the Booksellers, London, 42 plates; pages not numbered. https://doi.org/10.5962/bhl.title.51187
  3. Anonymous. (1887 [12 February]) Kalanchoe carnea [+ Figure 48]. The Gardeners’ Chronicle [A weekly illustrated journal of horticulture and allied subjects], 3rd ser., 1: 211. Available from: https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/103180#page/231/mode/1up (accessed: 20 December 2023).
  4. Baker, J.G. (1881 [21 February]) Notes on a collection of flowering plants made by L. Kitching, Esq., in Madagascar in 1879 (Plates VII. & VIII.). Journal of the Linnean Society, Botany 18: 264–281. Available from: https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/8373#page/271/mode/1up (accessed: 20 December 2023).
  5. Baker, J.G. (1887) Further contributions to the flora of Madagascar. Journal of the Linnean Society, Botany (London) 22: 441–537. Available from: https://doi.org/10.1111/j.1095-8339.1887.tb00472.x
  6. Baker, J.G. (1892 [10 September]) New or noteworthy plants. Kalanchoe marmorata, Baker, n. sp. The Gardeners’ Chronicle [A weekly illustrated journal of horticulture and allied subjects], 3rd ser., XII(No. 298): 300. Available from: https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/83803#page/316/mode/1up (accessed: 20 December 2023).
  7. Baker, J.G. (1895) CCCCLXXV.—Diagnoses africanæ, VII. (continued from p. 153) [Kalanchoe somaliensis Baker on p. 214]. Bulletin of Miscellaneous Information, Kew 1895: 211–230. https://doi.org/10.2307/4114977
  8. Berger, A. (1903 [Januar]) Kalanchoe Elizae sp. nov. Monatsschrift für Kakteenkunde [Berlin] 13: 69–70. Available from: https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/page/14068116#page/79/mode/1up (accessed: 20 December 2023).
  9. Berger, A. (1930 [Mai]) Crassulaceae. Unterfam. II. Kalanchoideae [sic, Kalanchooideae]. 6. Kalanchoe Adanson. 7. Kitchingia Baker. 8. Bryophyllum Salisb. In: Engler, A. & Prantl, K. (Eds.) Die natürlichen Pflanzenfamilien, edn 2, 18a. Verlag von Wilhelm Engelmann, Leipzig, pp. 378–386, 402–412.
  10. Berger, E. (2020) Mein Leben mit Alwin Berger. La Mortola—Stuttgart—Geneva. Im Auftrag des Alwin-Berger-Archivs herausgegeben und bearbeitet von Rainer Redies. Mit einer Bibliografie von Dr Detlev Menzing [Metzing] und einer Pflanzenliste von Dr Björn Schäfer. Eugen Ulmer, Stuttgart (Hohenheim), 256 pp.
  11. Boiteau, P. & Allorge-Boiteau, L. (1995) Kalanchoe (Crassulacées) de Madagascar. Systématique, écophysiologie et phytochimie. ICSN, CNRS, 91198 Gif-sur-Yvette, Éditions Karthala, Paris, 252 pp.
  12. Boiteau, P. & Mannoni, O. (1949 [octobre-décembre]) Les Kalanchoe (suite). [§ 8. Streptanthae.] (à suivre). Cactus (Paris) 1949 (22): 113–114, (two unnumbered figures).
  13. Britten, J. (1871) Order L. Crassulaceae. 4. Kalanchoe, Linn.; Benth. et Hook. f. Gen. Pl. i. 659. In: Oliver, D. (Ed.) Flora of Tropical Africa (Leguminosae to Ficoideae) 2. L. Reeve & Co., London, pp. 390–398. Available from: https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/124#page/391/mode/1up (accessed: 20 December 2023).
  14. Britten, J. (1920) John Gilbert Baker (1834–1920). The Journal of Botany, British and Foreign LVIII (694): 233–238. Available from: https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/33758#page/285/mode/1up (accessed: 20 December 2023).
  15. Brown, N.E. (1886 [6 March]) New garden plants. Kalanchoe carnea, N. E. Brown; n. sp. The Gardeners’ Chronicle [A weekly illustrated journal of horticulture and allied subjects], new series, 25 (No. 636): 298–299. Available from: https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/84276#page/314/mode/1up (accessed: 20 December 2023).
  16. Brown, N.E. (1902a [14 June]) New or noteworthy plants. Kalanchoe kewensis ×. The Gardeners’ Chronicle [A weekly illustrated journal of horticulture and allied subjects], 3rd ser., 31 (No. 807): 387. Available from: https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/83819#page/451/mode/1up (accessed: 20 December 2023).
  17. Brown, N.E. (1902b [16 August]) New or noteworthy plants. Kalanchoe kirkii, N. E. Brown (n. sp.). The Gardeners’ Chronicle [A weekly illustrated journal of horticulture and allied subjects], third series, 32 (No. 816): 110–111. Available from: https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/83820#page/136/mode/1up (accessed: 20 December 2023).
  18. Brown, N.E. (1902c [20 September]) New or noteworthy plants. Kalanchoe diversa, N. E. Brown (n. sp.). The Gardeners’ Chronicle [A weekly illustrated journal of horticulture and allied subjects], 3rd ser., 32 (No. 821): 210. Available from: https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/83820#page/246/mode/1up (accessed: 20 December 2023).
  19. Brown, N.E. (1904a [2 April]) New or noteworthy plants. Kalanchoe prasina, N.E. Brown (n. sp.)†. The Gardeners’ Chronicle [A weekly illustrated journal of horticulture and allied subjects], 3rd ser., 35 (No. 901): 211. Available from: https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/83823#page/259/mode/1up (accessed: 20 December 2023).
  20. Brown, N.E. (1904b [4 June]) New or noteworthy plants. Kalanchoe Dyeri, N. E. Brown (n. sp.). The Gardeners’ Chronicle [A weekly illustrated journal of horticulture and allied subjects], 3rd ser., 35 (No. 910): 354. Available from: https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/83823#page/420/mode/1up (accessed: 20 December 2023).
  21. Brown, N.E. (1904c) Kalanchoe dyeri. Native of Nyassaland. [Nat. Ord. Crassulaceæ. Genus Kalanchoe, Adans.; (Benth. et Hook.f. Gen. Plant. vol. i. p. 659.)] Curtis’s Botanical Magazine 60 [“LX of the third series; CXXX of the whole work”]: t. 7987. Available from: https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/14258#page/232/mode/1up (accessed: 20 December 2023).
  22. Brown, N.E. (1905a [17 June]) New or noteworthy plants. Kalanchoe magnidens, N. E. Brown (n. sp.).* and Kalanchoe angolensis N. E. Brown, (n. sp.)†. The Gardeners’ Chronicle [A weekly illustrated journal of horticulture and allied subjects], 3rd ser., 37 (No. 964): 370. Available from: https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/83825#page/434/mode/1up (accessed: 20 December 2023).
  23. Brown, N.E. (1905b) Cotyledon insignis. Nyasaland. Crassulaceæ. Curtis’s Botanical Magazine [volume 131 of the whole series] 4th ser., 1: t. 8036. Available from: https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/14222#page/140/mode/1up (accessed: 20 December 2023).
  24. Brown, N.E. (1908) 986. Kalanchöe latisepala, N. E. Brown [Crassulaceae]. In: LV.—Diagnoses africanae. XXVI. Bulletin of Miscellaneous Information, Kew 1908 (10): 432–441. Available from: https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/page/11624747#page/447/mode/1up (accessed: 20 December 2023).
  25. Brown, N.E. (1912 [30 September]) 1393. Kalanchoe ellacombei, N. E. Brown [Crassulaceae]. In: XL.—Diagnoses africanae, L. Bulletin of Miscellaneous Information, Kew 1912 (7): 328–338. Available from: https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/42880#page/343/mode/1up (accessed: 20 December 2023).
  26. Brown, N.E. (1913) 1436. Kalanchoe sexangularis, N. E. Brown [Crassulaceae]. In: XVII.—Diagnoses africanae LIII. Bulletin of Miscellaneous Information, Kew 1913 (3): 120–121. https://doi.org/10.2307/4115096
  27. Brown, N.E. (1914) 1515. Kalanchoe pearsonii, N. E. Brown [Crassulaceae]. In: XLVI.—Diagnoses africanae LX. Bulletin of Miscellaneous Information, Kew 1914 (7): 245–249. https://doi.org/10.2307/4119467
  28. Dammann, H. (1893) Calanchoë cassiopeja Dam. (Mit einer Abbildung). Monatsschrift für Kakteenkunde [Berlin] 3: 150. Available from: https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/page/14249366#page/164/mode/1up (accessed: 20 December 2023).
  29. Descoings, B. (2003) Kalanchoe. In: Eggli, U. (Ed.) Illustrated handbook of succulent plants: Crassulaceae. Springer Verlag, Berlin, Heidelberg, New York, pp. 143–181; whole work 458 pp. + XLVIII plates.
  30. Descoings, B. (2006) Le genre Kalanchoe structure et définition. Journal de Botanique de la Société Botanique de France 33: 3–28. https://doi.org/10.3406/jobot.2006.2006
  31. Desmond, R. (1999) Sir Joseph Dalton Hooker. Traveller and plant collector. Antique Collectors’ Club with the Royal Botanic Gardens, Kew, Woodbridge, Suffolk, 286 pp.
  32. Eggli, U. (Ed.) (2003) List of abbreviations and symbols. In: Eggli, U. (Ed.) Illustrated handbook of succulent plants: Crassulaceae. Springer Verlag, Berlin, Heidelberg, New York, pp. IX–X; whole work 458 pp. + XLVIII plates. https://doi.org/10.1007/978-3-642-55874-0
  33. Engler, A. (1894) Über die Gliederung der Flora Usambaras und der angrenzenden Gebiete. Abhandlungen der Königlichen Akademie der Wissenschaften zu Berlin 1894: 1–86. Available from: https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/92793#page/55/mode/1up (accessed: 20 December 2023).
  34. Engler, A. (Ed.) (1895) Verzeichniss der bis jetzt aus Ost-Afrika bekannt gewordenen Pflanzen. Die Pflanzenwelt Ost-Afrikas und der Nachbargebiete. Theil C. Geographische Verlagshandlung Dietrich Reimer, Berlin, pp. 1–433 [Crassulaceae on pp. 188–189]. https://doi.org/10.5962/bhl.title.587
  35. Fernandes, R.B. (1980) Notes sur quelques espèces du genre Kalanchoe Adans. Boletim da Sociedade Broteriana (sér. 2.a) 53: 325–442.
  36. Fernandes, R.B. (1982 [25 de Novembro]) Fam. 70. Crassulaceae. In: Fernandes, R.B. & Mendes, E.J. (Eds.) Conspectus florae angolensis. Instituto de Investigação Científica Tropical & Junta de Investigações Científicas do Ultramar, Lisboa, 39 pp.
  37. Fernandes, R.[B.] (1983) 67. Crassulaceae. In: Launert, E. (Ed.) Flora zambesiaca 7 (1). Managing Committee on behalf of the contributors to Flora zambesiaca, London, pp. 3–71.
  38. Figueiredo, E., Silva, V. & Smith, G.F. (2018) Friedrich Welwitsch and the horticulture of succulents in Portugal in the 19th century. Bradleya 36: 200–211. https://doi.org/10.25223/brad.n36.2018.a15
  39. Figueiredo, E. & Smith, G.F. (2010) The colonial legacy in African plant taxonomy. South African Journal of Science 106 (3/4): 4 pp. https://doi.org/10.4102/sajs.v106i3/4.161
  40. Figueiredo, E. & Smith, G.F. (2020a) Friedrich Welwitsch and his overlooked contributions to the Flora of Tropical Africa, with a discussion of the names of Kalanchoe (Crassulaceae subfam. Kalanchooideae) that should be ascribed to Welwitsch alone. Phytotaxa 458 (1): 83–100. https://doi.org/10.11646/phytotaxa.458.1.5
  41. Figueiredo, E. & Smith, G.F. (2020b) Friedrich Welwitsch and his contributions to the exploration and study of the flora of São Tomé and Príncipe, Gulf of Guinea, with typification of three names described from his collections. Phytotaxa 459 (3): 227–234. https://doi.org/10.11646/phytotaxa.459.3.4
  42. Figueiredo, E. & Smith, G.F. (2021) An overview of plant collecting in Angola from 1690 to 2000. Phytotaxa 523 (1): 32–54. https://doi.org/10.11646/phytotaxa.523.1.2
  43. Figueiredo, E. & Smith, G.F. (In press) Plant collectors in Angola: botany, exploration, and history in south-tropical Africa. An illustrated history of the botanical exploration of Angola, with biographical accounts of the plant collectors and their activities from the earliest times until 2000. Regnum vegetabile series. International Association for Plant Taxonomy, and the University of Chicago Press.
  44. Figueiredo, E., Smith, G.F. & Crouch, N.R. (2016) The taxonomy and type of Kalanchoe sexangularis N.E.Br. (Crassulaceae). Bradleya 34: 92–99. https://doi.org/10.25223/brad.n34.2016.a24
  45. Figueiredo, E., Smith, G.F. & Dressler, S. (2020) The botanical exploration of Angola by Germans during the 19th and 20th centuries, with biographical sketches and notes on collections and herbaria. Blumea 65: 126–161. https://doi.org/10.3767/blumea.2020.65.02.06
  46. Forsskål, P. (1775) Flora Ægyptiaco-Arabica. Sive descriptiones plantarum, Quas per Ægyptum inferiorem et Arabiam felicem detexit […]. Ex officina Mölleri, aulæ Typographi. Prostat apud Heineck et Faber, Hauniæ, 220 pp. https://doi.org/10.5962/bhl.title.6625
  47. Gunn, M.[D.] & Codd, L.E.[W.] (1981) Botanical exploration of southern Africa. An illustrated history of early botanical literature on the Cape flora. Biographical accounts of the leading plant collectors and their activities in southern Africa from the days of the East India Company until modern times. A.A. Balkema, Cape Town, 400 pp.
  48. Hamet, R. (1913) Sur un Kalanchoe nouveau [Kalanchoe lindmanii Raym.-Hamet] de l’Herbier de Stockholm. Arkiv för Botanik 13 (11): 1‒5 + Figure 1. Available from: https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/91462#page/735/mode/1up (accessed: 20 December 2023).
  49. Harvey, W.H. & Sonder, O.W. (1859–1860) Preface. In: Harvey, W.H. & Sonder, O.W. Flora capensis [being a systematic description of the plants of the Cape Colony, Caffraria, & Port Natal]. Ranucnculaceæ to Connaraceæ, Vol. I. Hodges, Smith, and Co., Dublin, and A. S. Robertson, Capetown [sic], pp. 7–17; whole work 546 pp. Available from: https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/15233#page/4/mode/1up (accessed: 20 December 2023).
  50. Haworth, A.H. (1812) Synopsis plantarum succulentarum, cum descriptionibus, synonymis, locis; observationibus anglicanis, culturaque. [Kalenchoe, sic, Kalanchoe, on pp. 109–110; Bryophyllum on p. 110.] Typis Richardi Taylor et Socii, Shoe-Lane, Londoni, 334 pp.; including ‘Appendix’. https://doi.org/10.5962/bhl.title.9462
  51. Heijnsdijk, T. (2022) Kalanchoe ×kewensis: het rosebloemig basterdtrosblad en Kalanchoe flammea: het vurig trosdikblad. Succulenta 101 (1): 51–66.
  52. Herre, H. (1971) Chapter VIII. The history of the discovery and botanical introduction of the Mesembryanthemaceae, with appropriate biographical notes. In: Herre, H. The genera of Mesembryanthemaceae. Including a full set of botanical drawings by the artists of the Bolus Herbarium of the University of Cape Town, and others, and also distribution maps for each genus, identification keys, a scientific system, a contribution concerning the poisonous genus, and also a history of the introduction, with notes on and portraits of the various scientific workers from the beginning to the present day. Tafelberg-Uitgewers Beperk, Cape Town, pp. 38–59, whole work 316 pp.
  53. Hooker, J.D. (1904) [Volume dedication] [t]o William Watson, A.L.S., F.B.H.S., Curator, Royal Botanic Gardens, Kew. Curtis’s Botanical Magazine 60 [“LX of the third series; CXXX of the whole work”]: unnumbered dedication page. Available from: https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/14258#page/3/mode/1up (accessed: 20 December 2023).
  54. IPNI. (2023+) The International Plant Names Index. Available from: https://www.ipni.org/ (continuously updated; accessed June 2023).
  55. “J. H.” [John Hutchinson?] (1934 [22 December]) Obituary. N. E. Brown. Nature 134 (No. 3399): 961. https://doi.org/10.1038/134961b0
  56. Koorders, S.H. (1919 [Mai] [24 October 1918]) Beitrag zur Kenntniss der Flora von Java No. 18. Beschreibung von Kalanchoë Schumacheri vom Idjen-Plateau und Revision der Crassulaceae von Java. (Mit 2 lithographischen Tafeln.). Bulletin du Jardin Botanique de Buitenzorg, sér. 3, 1 (3): 169–180, Figures 14 and 15. Available from: https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/27173#page/205/mode/1up (text); https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/27173#page/243/mode/1up (figures) (accessed: 20 December 2023).
  57. Linnaeus, C. (1753) Species plantarum, exhibentes plantas rite cognitas, ad generarelatas, cum differentiis specificis, nominibus trivialibus, synonymis selectis, locis natalibus, secundum systema sexuale digestas. Vol. 1. Salvius, Stockholm, 560 pp. [Cotyledon L., nom. cons., treated on pp. 429–430]. https://doi.org/10.5962/bhl.title.669
  58. Oliver, D. (1868) Preface. In: Oliver, D. (Ed.) [with the assistance of other botanists], Flora of Tropical Africa. Volume I. Ranunculaceæ to Connoraceæ. L. Reeve & Co. Ltd, Ashford, Kent, pp. V–XI; whole work 479 pp. Available from: https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/60247#page/11/mode/1up (accessed: 20 December 2023).
  59. Paterson, A. (2008) The gardens at Kew. Kew 250th anniversary. Plants. People, Possibilities. Frances Lincoln Ltd, London, 352 pp.
  60. Persoon, C.H. (1805 [1 April–15 June 1805]) Synopsis plantarum, seu enchiridium botanicum, complectens enumerationem systematicam specierum hucusque cognitorum. Pars prima. Apud Carol. Frid. Cramerum, Parisiis lutetiorum [Paris] et apud J.G. Cottam, Tubingæ [London], 546 pp. https://doi.org/10.5962/bhl.title.638
  61. Plug, C. (2020 [last updated 23 April 2020]) Brown, Mr Nicholas Edward (botany). S2A3 Biographical Database of Southern African Science. Available from: https://www.s2a3.org.za/bio/Biograph_final.php?serial=390#top (accessed: 20 December 2023).
  62. Raymond-Hamet. (1916) Sur un groupe de transition reliant le genre Kalanchoe au genre Cotyledon. Revue Générale de Botanique, Paris XXVIII: 80–84. Available from: https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/45180#page/83/mode/1up (accessed: 20 December 2023).
  63. Royal Botanic Gardens, Kew. (1931) Hand-list of tender dicotyledons and Gnetaceae cultivated in the Royal Botanic Gardens, Kew. Second edition. [Kalanchoe insignis (N.E.Br.) N.E.Br. on p. 109.] Printed for H. M. Stationery Office, by Wyman, London, 200 pp. https://doi.org/10.2307/4102530
  64. Salisbury, R.A. (1805 [1 June 1805]) The Paradisus Londinensis: or coloured figures of plants cultivated in the vicinity of the metropolis 1. Published by William Hooker, No. 6, Frith Street, city not stated, presumably London, 157 pp. & 117 plates. https://doi.org/10.5962/bhl.title.53520
  65. Schwantes, [M.H.]G. (1957) Flowering stones and mid-day flowers. A book for plant and nature lovers on the Mesembryanthemaceae. [Translated by V. Higgins] Ernest Benn Limited, London, 420 pp.
  66. Sims, J. (1819) Cotyledon curviflora. Bent-flowered Navelwort. [Class and Order Decandria Pentagynia]. Curtis’s Botanical Magazine 46 [“being the Fourth of the New Series”; XLVI of the whole work]: t. 2044. Available from: https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/14330#page/58/mode/1up (accessed: 20 December 2023).
  67. Smith, G.F. (2020a) The taxonomy and nomenclature of Kalanchoe humilis, K. prasina, and K. figueiredoi (Crassulaceae subfam. Kalanchooideae). Phytotaxa 454 (4): 267–276. https://doi.org/10.11646/phytotaxa.454.4.4
  68. Smith, G.F. (2020b) Plant smart. The big easy. Gardening with Kalanchoe. Veld & Flora 106 (3): 40–43.
  69. Smith, G.F. (2021a) Reinstatement of Kalanchoe [subg. Bryophyllum] sect. Alatae (Crassulaceae subfam. Kalanchooideae) for K. porphyrocalyx and K. uniflora, two Madagascan endemics. Bradleya 39: 177–181. https://doi.org/10.25223/brad.n39.2021.a17
  70. Smith, G.F. (2021b) How Kalanchoe marmorata (Crassulaceae subfam. Kalanchooideae), a distinctive central and east African species, received its name, and the later, valid publication of K. macrantha by Maire. Phytotaxa 502 (1): 93–100. https://doi.org/10.11646/phytotaxa.502.1.7
  71. Smith, G.F. (2022a) The taxonomy and nomenclature of Kalanchoe ×vadensis [K. blossfeldiana × K. marmorata var. somaliensis] (Crassulaceae subfam. Kalanchooideae), an early nothospecies produced in The Netherlands in the 1950s. Phytotaxa 561 (2): 199–209. https://doi.org/10.11646/phytotaxa.561.2.8
  72. Smith, G.F. (2022b) The taxonomy of Kalanchoe marmorata Baker (Crassulaceae subfam. Kalanchooideae), a distinctive African species, revisited. Phytotaxa 538 (2): 100–112. https://doi.org/10.11646/phytotaxa.538.2.2
  73. Smith, G.F. (2022c) A review of the ecology and natural history of Kalanchoe (Crassulaceae subfam. Kalanchooideae) in southern Africa. Bradleya 40: 161–184. https://doi.org/10.25223/brad.n40.2022.a15
  74. Smith, G.F. (2022d) Kalanchoe sect. Raveta (Crassulaceae subfam. Kalanchooideae) of Raymond-Hamet (1916): a long-overlooked name in K. subg. Kalanchoe. Phytotaxa 550 (2): 208–212. https://doi.org/10.11646/phytotaxa.550.2.10
  75. Smith, G.F. (2022e) Date and place of publication and author attribution of the combination Kalanchoe sect. Raveta (Crassulaceae subfam. Kalanchooideae). Phytotaxa 560 (1): 131–134. https://doi.org/10.11646/phytotaxa.560.1.12
  76. Smith, G.F. (2022f) Of paddles, soup plates, and clubs: the taxonomy of the southern and south-tropical African Kalanchoe sect. Raveta (Crassulaceae subfam. Kalanchooideae; Kalanchoe subg. Kalanchoe) and its constituent species. Phytotaxa 568 (1): 8–26. https://doi.org/10.11646/phytotaxa.568.1.2
  77. Smith, G.F. (2022g) A review of the cytotaxonomy of Kalanchoe (Crassulaceae subfam. Kalanchooideae) with reference to evolutionary trends in the genus. Phytotaxa 560 (2): 153–185. https://doi.org/10.11646/phytotaxa.560.2.2
  78. Smith, G.F. (2023a) The ‘woody clade’ in Kalanchoe: reinstatement and amendment of K. subg. Calophygia (Crassulaceae subfam. Kalanchooideae) published by Bernard Marie Descoings in 2006. Phytotaxa 616 (2): 113–127. https://doi.org/10.11646/phytotaxa.616.2.1
  79. Smith, G.F. (2023b) A reassessment of combinations previously proposed or published for Kalanchoe subg. Alatae (Crassulaceae subfam. Kalanchooideae) and its valid publication at the rank of subgenus. Phytotaxa 585 (1): 61–66. https://doi.org/10.11646/phytotaxa.585.1.7
  80. Smith, G.F. (2023c) The taxonomy and nomenclature of Kalanchoe ×kewensis [K. bentii × K. glaucescens] (Crassulaceae subfam. Kalanchooideae), a nothospecies produced at the Royal Botanic Gardens, Kew, in the early 1900s. Phytotaxa 618 (3): 274–282. https://doi.org/10.11646/phytotaxa.618.3.5
  81. Smith, G.F. (2023d) Kalanchoe sect. Streptanthae (Crassulaceae subfam. Kalanchooideae), a new two-species section in K. subg. Bryophyllum. Phytotaxa 609 (4): 273–281. https://doi.org/10.11646/phytotaxa.609.4.3
  82. Smith, G.F., Chesselet, P., Van Jaarsveld, E.J., Hartmann, H., Hammer, S., Van Wyk, B-E., Burgoyne, P., Klak, C. & Kurzweil, H. (1998) Mesembs of the world. Illustrated guide to a remarkable succulent plant group. Briza Publications, Arcadia, Pretoria, 405 pp.
  83. Smith, G.F. & Figueiredo, E. (2018) The infrageneric classification and nomenclature of Kalanchoe Adans. (Crassulaceae), with special reference to the southern African species. Bradleya 36: 162–172. https://doi.org/10.25223/brad.n36.2018.a10
  84. Smith, G.F. & Figueiredo, E. (2023a) A review and analysis of the use of epithets in infrageneric, species, and infraspecific names in Kalanchoe (Crassulaceae subfam. Kalanchooideae): trends in the plant naming game. Phytotaxa 618 (3): 213–242. https://doi.org/10.11646/phytotaxa.618.3.1
  85. Smith, G.F. & Figueiredo, E. (2023b) Names validly published in Kalanchoe (Crassulaceae subfam. Kalanchooideae) by Louis-René ‘Edmond’ Tulasne in 1857, with reference to names proposed in sched. by Hilsenberg and Bojer for two Malagasy species, and with notes on the type of the name K. tubiflora. Phytotaxa 584 (4): 275–284. https://doi.org/10.11646/phytotaxa.584.4.4
  86. Smith, G.F., Figueiredo, E. & Van Wyk, A.E. (2019) Kalanchoe (Crassulaceae) in southern Africa. Classification, biology, and cultivation. Academic Press, an imprint of Elsevier, London, San Diego, Cambridge (U.S.A.), and Oxford, 328 pp. https://doi.org/10.1016/C2017-0-00602-X
  87. Smith, G.F. & Monro, A.M. (2022a) The nomenclature and taxonomy of Crassulaceae subfam. Kalanchooideae resolved. Phytotaxa 555 (3): 241–251. https://doi.org/10.11646/phytotaxa.555.3.3
  88. Smith, G.F. & Monro, A.M. (2022b) (2908) Proposal to reject the name Crassulaceae subfam. Cotyledonoideae (Crassulaceae). Taxon 71 (4): 910–911. https://doi.org/10.1002/tax.12778
  89. Smith, G.F. & Shtein, R. (2021) A review of horticulturally desirable characters in Kalanchoe (Crassulaceae subfam. Kalanchooideae): variable and deviating vegetative and reproductive morphologies useful in breeding programmes. Haseltonia 28: 106–119. https://doi.org/10.2985/026.028.0110
  90. Smith, G.F., Shtein, R., Klein, D.-P., Parihar, B., Almeida, A., Rodewald, S. & Kadereit, G. (2021) Special Review. Sexual and asexual reproduction in Kalanchoe (Crassulaceae subfam. Kalanchooideae): a review of known and newly recorded strategies. Haseltonia 28: 2–22. https://doi.org/10.2985/026.028.0101
  91. Stapf, O. (1897 [August and September]) 493. Kalanchoe flammea, Stapf. [Crassulaceae]. In: Anonymous DLXXV.—Diagnoses africanæ, X. [Species 418–599] [K. flammea Stapf on p. 266)]. Bulletin of Miscellaneous Information of the Royal Botanic Gardens, Kew 1897 (128–129): 243–300. Available from: https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/127162#page/272/mode/1up (accessed: 20 December 2023).
  92. Thiers, B. (2023+) Index herbariorum: a global directory of public herbaria and associated staff. New York Botanical Garden’s Virtual Herbarium. Available from: http://sweetgum.nybg.org/ih/ (continuously updated; accessed June 2023).
  93. Thiselton-Dyer, W.T. (1903 [March]) Morphological notes. IX. A Kalanchoe hybrid [Kalanchoe ×kewensis Watson]. + Plates XXI–XXIII [after p. 441]. Annals of Botany 17 (no. LXVI): 435–441. Available from: https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/235015#page/565/mode/1up (accessed: 20 December 2023).
  94. Tulasne, L.-R. [‘Edmond’]. (1857) Floræ madagascariensis. Fragmenta scripsit collectave digessit. Fragmentum alterum (1). Passifloreas, Homalineas, Chailletieas, Hippocrateaceas, Celastrineas, Ilicineas, Rhamneas, Pittosporeas, Hamamelideas, Crassulaceas et Saxifragaceas exhibens. [Crassulaceæ. I. Bryophyllum. II. Calanchoe [sic, Kalanchoe] on pp. 147–150.] Annales des Sciences Naturelles; Botanique, sér. 4, 8: 44–163. Available from: https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/129817#page/151/mode/1up (accessed: 20 December 2023).
  95. Turland, N.J., Wiersema, J.H., Barrie, F.R., Greuter, W., Hawksworth, D.L., Herendeen, P.S., Knapp, S., Kusber, W.-H., Li, D.-Z., Marhold, K., May, T.W., McNeill, J., Monro, A.M., Prado, J., Price, M.J. & Smith, G.F. (2018) International Code of Nomenclature for algae, fungi, and plants (Shenzhen Code) adopted by the Nineteenth International Botanical Congress Shenzhen, China, July 2017. Koeltz Botanical Books, Glashütten. [Regnum Vegetabile 159], 254 pp. https://doi.org/10.12705/Code.2018
  96. Ward, M. & Flanagan, J. (2003 [28 February]) Portraying plants: illustrations collections at the Royal Botanic Gardens, Kew. Art Libraries Journal 28 (2): 22–28. https://doi.org/10.1017/S0307472200013080
  97. Watson, W. [as “W.W.”] (1902 [24 May]) New and interesting plants. Kalanchoe kewensis. Ornithogalum kewense. Cymbidium rhodochilum. Pitcairnea cœrulea. The Garden (London, 1871–1927) [an illustrated weekly journal of horticulture in all its branches] 61 ([Volume LXI] No. 1529): 338–339. Available from: https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/79275#page/356/mode/1up (accessed: 20 December 2023).
  98. White, A., Dyer, R.A. & Sloane, B.L. (1941) Introduction. [N.E. Brown on pp. 47–49]. In: The succulent Euphorbieae, Vol. I. [Typography and printing by Scott E. Haselton at] Abbey Garden Press, Pasadena, California, pp. 1–56; whole work 494 pp. + separately paginated “Index” of 11 pp.
  99. White, A. & Sloane, B.L. (1937 [February]) Chronological notes. 1878–1934—N. E. Brown. In: The Stapelieae, Vol. 1 (of the second edition). [Typography and printing by Scott E. Haselton] Abbey San Encino Press, Pasadena, California, pp. 115–117; whole work 407 pp. + separately paginated “Index” of 23 pp.
  100. Wickens, G.E. (1987) Crassulaceae. In: Polhill, R.M. (Ed.) Flora of Tropical East Africa: Crassulaceae. Published on behalf of the East African Governments by A.A. Balkema, Rotterdam, 66 pp.