Abstract
Río Manduriacu and Dracula reserves, owned by the Fundación EcoMinga, are located in northwestern Ecuador, which has been a hotspot for the discovery of numerous new orchid species in recent years. Here, we propose Lepanthes inesmanzanoae, a new species found in Río Manduriacu reserve in Cordillera del Toisán. This species is distinguished by the transversely bilobed, velvety petals with a minute process on the outer margin of the midvein, the lower lobe of the petal shorter, triangular, attenuate, the appendix triangular, acute and the bilobed stigma. The new taxon is described, illustrated, and compared to its most similar species. Additionally, we report four new records of the genus Lepanthes for Ecuador.
References
- Brito, J., Koch, C., Percequillo, A.R., Tinoco, N., Weksler, M., Pinto, C.M. & Pardiñas, U.F. (2020) A new genus of Oryzomyine rodents (Cricetidae, Sigmodontinae) with three new species from montane cloud forests, western Andean cordillera of Colombia and Ecuador. PeerJ 8: e10247. https://doi.org/10.7717/peerj.10247
- Baquero, L.E. & Monteros, M.F. (2020) A new tall and exceptional species of Lepanthes from north-west Ecuador (Orchi-daceae: Pleurothallidinae). Lankesteriana 20 (3): 331–338. https://doi.org/10.15517/lank.v20i3.44602
- Baquero, L.E. & Verkovitch, D.G.L. (2019) Two new species and new records of Platystele (Pleurothallidinae: Orchidaceae) from Los Cedros reserve in Ecuador. Lankesteriana 19: 5–13. https://doi.org/10.15517/lank.v19i1.36900
- Baquero, L.E., Moreno, J.S. & Iturralde, G.A. (2018) The “four footed” Lepanthes (Pleurothallidinae), a new species from north western Ecuador. Lankesteriana 18 (3): 183–188. http://dx.doi.org/10.15517/lank.v18i3.34961
- Baquero, L.E., Donoso, J.J. & Jiménez, M.M. (2020) A new gold-colored Lepanthes (Pleurothallidinae: Orchidaceae) from Southeast Ecuador. Lankesteriana 20 (2): 257–262.
- Comer, P.J., Valdez, J., Pereira, H.M., Acosta-Muñoz, C., Campos, F., Bonet García, F.J. & Fernandez, M. (2022) Conserving Ecosystem Diversity in the Tropical Andes. Remote Senszing 14 (12): 2847. http://dx.doi.org/10.15517/lank.v20i2.43556
- Don, G. (1839) Sweet’s hortus Britannicus by Robert Sweet Third edition. James Ridgway, London, 799 pp.
- Dodson, C.H. & Dodson, P.M. (1980) Orchids of Ecuador. In: Icones Plantarum tropicarum Fascicle 2. The Marie Selby Botanical Gardens, Sarasota, pl. 101–200.
- GBIF. org (2022) GBIF Ocurrence. Available from: https://doi.org/10.15468/dl.kjrbe3 (accessed 3 November 2022)
- Guayasamin, J.M., Cisneros-Heredia, D.F., Vieira, J., Kohn, S., Gavilanes, G., Lynch, R.L. & Maynard, R.J. (2019) A new glassfrog (Centrolenidae) from the Chocó-Andean Río Manduriacu Reserve, Ecuador, endangered by mining. PeerJ 7: e6400. https://doi.org/10.7717/peerj.6400
- IUCN Standards and Petitions Committee. (2022) Guidelines for Using the IUCN Red List Categories and Criteria. Version 15.1. Prepared by the Standards and Petitions Committee. Available from: https://www.iucnredlist.org/documents/RedListGuidelines.pdf (accessed 5 October 2023).
- Karremans, A.P. (2016) Genera Pleurothallidinarum: An updated phylogenetic overview of Pleurothallidinae. Lankesteriana 16 (2): 219–241. https://doi.org/10.15517/lank.v16i2.26008
- Luer, C.A. & Escobar, R. (1991) Especies del género Lepanthes de Colombia decenas 4-5. Orquideología 18 (1): 21–70.
- Luer, C.A. & Escobar, R. (1994) Nuevas especies del género Lepanthes de Colombia, decenas 8, 9 y 10. Orquideología 19: 76–122.
- Luer, C.A. & Thoerle, L. (2012) Icones Pleurothallidinarum XXXII. Lepanthes of Colombia (Orchidaceae). Monographs in Systematic Botany from the Missouri Botanical Garden 123: 1–296.
- Luer, C.A. (1975) Icones Pleurothallidinarum (Orchidaceae) Pleurothallis of Ecuador III. Selbyana 1 (3): 220–303.
- Luer, C.A. (1996) Icones Pleurothallidinarum XIV. Systematics of Draconanthes, Lepanthes subgenus Marsipanthes and subgenus Lepanthes of Ecuador. Monographs in Systematic Botany from the Missouri Botanical Garden 61: 1–255.
- Maynard, R.J, Culebras J, Kohn S, Guayasamin, J.M. & Tregaser, S. (2021) Finding a shadow in the dark: rediscovery of Fugler’s Shadow Snake (Emmochliophis fugleri Fritts & Smith, 1969) after 54 years, with comments on its conservation status, distribution, and the tribe Diaphorolepidini. Check List 17: 239–245. https://doi.org/10.15560/17.1.239
- Ministerio del Ambiente del Ecuador (2013) Sistema de clasificación de los ecosistemas del Ecuador continental. Subsecretaria de Patrimonio Natural, 300pp. Available from: https://www.ambi-ente.gob.ec/wp-content/uploads/downloads/2012/09/LEYENDA-ECOSISTEMAS_EC-UADOR_2.pdf (accessesd 15 October. 2020).
- Moreno, J.S., Galindo-Tarazona, R. & Zuluaga, A. (2023) Lepanthes carrizosana, a new species of Lepanthes (Orchidaceae: Pleurothallidinae) from the southwestern Andes in Colombia. Harvard Papers in Botany 28 (1): 89–92. https://doi.org/10.3100/hpib.v28iss1.2023.n11
- Parra-Sánchez, E., Restrepo, E., Alegría-Valencia, M., Moreno, J.S. & Galindo-Tarazona. (2023) Lepanthes cordillerana (Orchidaceae) a new species and the landscape threats to its wild population. Phytotaxa 603 (1): 69–80. https://doi.org/10.11646/phytotaxa.603.1.5
- Pérez-Escobar, O.A., Zizka, A., Bermídez, M., Meseguer, A., Condamine, F., Hoorn, C., Hooghiemstra, H., Pu, Y., Bogarín, D., Boschman, L., Pennington, R.T., Antonelli, A. & Chomicki, G. (2022) The Andes through time: evolution and distribution of Andean floras. Trends in Plant Science 27 (4): 364–378. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.tplants.2021.09.010
- Raz, L. & Agudelo, H. (2021) Herbario Nacional Colombiano (COL). Version 13.13. Universidad Nacional de Colombia. Occurrence dataset https://doi.org/10.15472/ea8sek. Available from: https://www.gbif.org/occurrence/1890973767 (accessed 28 December 2021).
- Reyes-Puig, C., Maynard, R.J., Trageser, S.J., Vieira, J., Hamilton, P.S., Lynch, R. & Guayasamin, J.M. (2020) A new species of Noblella (Amphibia: Strabomantidae) from the Río Manduriacu Reserve on the Pacific slopes of the Ecuadorian Andes. Neotropical Biodiversity 6 (1): 162–171. https://doi.org/10.1177/1940082918780427
- Rodríguez-Echeverry, J. & Leiton, M. (2021) State of the Landscape and Dynamics of Loss and Fragmentation of Forest Critically Endangered in the Tropical Andes Hotspot: Implications for Conservation Planning. Journal of Landscape Ecology 14 (1): 73–91. http:// DOI: 10.2478/jlecol-2021-0005
- Roy, B.A., Zorrilla, M., Endara, L., Thomas, D.C., Vandergrift, R., Rubenstein, J.M., Policha, T., Rios-Touma, B. & Read, M. (2018) New mining concessions could severely decrease biodiversity and ecosystem services in Ecuador. Tropical Conservation Science 11: 1–20. https://doi.org/10.1177/19400829187804
- Reichenbach, H.G. (1886) Beiträge zu einer Orchideenkunde Central-Amerika’s. pp. 90–91.
- Swartz, O. (1799) Dianome Epidendri generis Linn. Nova Acta Regiae Societatis Scientiarum Upsaliensis 2nd ser., 6: 61–88.
- Telenius, A. & Shah, M. (2020) Phanerogamic Botanical Collections (S). GBIF-Sweden. Occurrence dataset https://doi.org/10.15468/yo3mmu. Available from: https://www.gbif.org/occurrence/1096713585 (accessed 28 December 2021).
- Solomon, J. & Stimmel, H. (2021) Tropicos Specimen Data. Missouri Botanical Garden. Occurrence dataset https://doi.org/10.15468/hja69f. Available from: https://www.gbif.org/occurrence/1261384959 (accessed 28 December 2021).