Morphological and molecular characterization of twenty-five new Diploneis species (Bacillariophyta) from Lake Tanganyika and its surrounding areas

ELENA JOVANOVSKA; MALLORY C. WILSON; PAUL B. HAMILTON; JEFFERY STONE

doi:10.11646/phytotaxa.593.1.1

Issue: Vol. 593 No. 1: 21 April 2023

Type: Monograph

Published: 2023-04-21

DOI: 10.11646/phytotaxa.593.1.1

Page range: 1-102

Abstract views: 152

PDF downloaded: 4

**Morphological and molecular characterization of twenty-five new Diploneis species (Bacillariophyta) from Lake Tanganyika and its surrounding areas**

ELENA JOVANOVSKA⁺⁻
MALLORY C. WILSON⁺⁻
PAUL B. HAMILTON⁺⁻
JEFFERY STONE⁺⁻

Department of Paleoanthropology, Senckenberg Research Institute and Natural History Museum Frankfurt, Frankfurt, Germany

Indiana State University, Indiana State University, Terre Haute, IN, USA

Phycology Section, Research and Collections Division, Canadian Museum of Nature, Ottawa, Canada

Indiana State University, Indiana State University, Terre Haute, IN, USA

ancient lake morphology multi-locus phylogeny species richness taxonomy Algae

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Abstract

Lake Tanganyika, the second oldest lake in the world, is home to some of the largest and most phenotypically, genetically, and ecologically diverse freshwater assemblages. While the evolutionary processes responsible for generating its extraordinary richness are well understood across various animal groups, little is known about the diatom species richness, turnover patterns, and their drivers. Here, we explored species richness of the diatom genus Diploneis from Lake Tanganyika and surrounding regions by using morphological and molecular information. Both datasets suggested the presence of twenty-five new Diploneis species, each not related to any known Diploneis species so far. The multi-locus phylogeny indicates a monophyletic group of twenty-one Diploneis species from Lake Tanganyika, suggesting potential intralacustrine diversification possibly triggered by certain historical contingencies. This is supported by the small genetic distances and the presence of unique silica ornamentations on the valve face exterior, to date only known to occur on the Baikal endemic Diploneis implicatus. The discovery of such a high richness of Diploneis species in Lake Tanganyika and the presence of a unique morphological character points to a potential adaptive radiation - a mechanism yet to be confirmed.

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