Abstract
While revising the genus Ziziphora for the Flora of Iraq and Turkey, we recognise seven subspecies for Z. clinopodioides. An identification key to these subspecific taxa is presented. A new subspecies, Z. clinopodioides subsp. brevistamina, is described and Ziziphora brantii is given a new subspecific status as Z. clinopodioides subsp. brantii. We have selected lectotypes for the subspecies brantii, kurdica, rigida and ronnigeri of Z. clinopodioides. Besides, Z. clinopodioides subsp. filicaulis is recorded for the first time for the Flora of Turkey.
References
<p align="justify"><span style="color: #000000;"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, serif;"><span style="font-size: small;">Al-Rawi, A. (1964) Wild Plants of Iraq With Their Distribution. Ministry of Agriculture Technical Bulletin 14: 159.</span></span></span>
<p align="justify"><span style="color: #000000;"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, serif;"><span style="font-size: small;">Blakelock, R.A. (1949) The Rustam Herbarium “IRAQ” Part IV. (Systematic list). Kew Bulletin 4: 517?553. https://doi.org/10.2307/4109066</span></span></span>
<p align="justify"><span style="color: #000000;"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, serif;"><span style="font-size: small;">Boissier, P.E. (1879) Flora orientalis 4. H. Georg, Genève & Basilea, 1276 pp.</span></span></span>
<p align="justify"><span style="color: #000000;"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, serif;"><span style="font-size: small;">Braun, H. (1879) I. Labiatae.Beitrag zur Flora von Persien. Verhandlungen der Kaiserlich-Königlichen Zoologisch-Botanischen Gesellschaft in Wien 39: 214–239.</span></span></span>
<p align="justify"><span style="color: #000000;"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, serif;"><span style="font-size: small;">Dinsmore, E. (1933) Flora of Palestine and Sinai. vol. 2. American Press, Beirut, pp. 345?347.</span></span></span>
<p align="justify"><span style="color: #000000;"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, serif;"><span style="font-size: small;">Dirmenci, T. (2012) Clinopodium L. In: Güner, A., Aslan, S., Ekim, T., Vural, M., Babaç, M.T. (eds.) Türkiye Bitkileri Listesi (Damarl? Bitkiler). Nezahat Gökyi?it Botanik Bahçesi ve Flora Ara?t?rmalar? Derne?i Yay?n?, Istanbul, pp. 602–603. [in Turkish]</span></span></span>
<p align="justify"><span style="color: #000000;"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, serif;"><span style="font-size: small;">Edmondson, J.R. (1982) Ziziphora L. In: Davis, P.H. (ed.) Flora of Turkey and the east Aegean Islands. vol. 7. Edinburgh University Press, Edinburgh, pp. 395–399.</span></span></span>
<p align="justify"><span style="color: #000000;"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, serif;"><span style="font-size: small;">Feinbrun-Dothan, N. (Ed.) (1978) Flora Palaestina. vol. 3. The Israel Academy of Sciences and Humanities, Jeruselam, pp. 145?147.</span></span></span>
<p align="justify"><span style="color: #000000;"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, serif;"><span style="font-size: small;">F?rat, M. (2017) Reported of four new subspecies of Ziziphora clinopodioides (Lamiaceae) for the flora of Turkey. Issues in Biological Sciences and Pharmaceutical Research 5: 5?11. </span></span></span>
<p align="justify"><span style="color: #000000;"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, serif;"><span style="font-size: small;">Govaerts, R. (2023) The World Checklist of Vascular Plants (WCVP). Royal Botanic Gardens, Kew. Checklist dataset: https://doi.org/10.15468/6h8ucr (accessed via GBIF.org on 10 Jan. 2023) </span></span></span>
<p align="justify"><span style="color: #000000;"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, serif;"><span style="font-size: small;">Handel-Mazzetti, H.F. (1913) Pteridophyta und Anthophyta aus Mesopotamien un Kurdistan sowie Syrien und Prinkipo, 1910. Annalen des Naturhistorishen Museums in Wien: 408?421.</span></span></span>
<p align="justify"><span style="color: #000000;"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, serif;"><span style="font-size: small;">Harley, R.M., Atkins, S., Budantsev, A.L., Cantino, P.D., Conn, B.J., Grayer, R., Harley, M.M., Krestovskaja, T., Morales, A., Paton, A.J., Ryding, O. & Upson, T. (2004) Labiatae. In: Kadereit, J.W. (ed.) Flowering plants Dicotyledons: Lamiales (except Acanthaceae including Avicenniaceae). vol. 7. Springer, Berlin, pp. 242?243. https://doi.org/10.1007/978-3-642-18617-2_11</span></span></span>
<p align="justify"><span style="color: #000000;"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, serif;"><span style="font-size: small;">Hedge, I.C. (1961) Some remarks on the perennial species of Ziziphora with particular reference to those in Turkey. Notes R.B.G. Edinburgh 23: 209?221.</span></span></span>
<p align="justify"><span style="color: #000000;"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, serif;"><span style="font-size: small;">IPNI (2022) International Plant Names Index. Available from: https://ipni.org./?q=Ziziphora (accessed 21 September 2022)</span></span></span>
<p align="justify"><span style="color: #000000;"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, serif;"><span style="font-size: small;">Jamzad, Z. (2012) Lamiaceae. In: Assadi, M., Maassoumi, A.A. & Mozoffarian, V. (eds.) Flora of Iran 76. Research Institute of Forest and Rangelands, Tehran, pp. 636?655.</span></span></span>
<p align="justify"><span style="color: #000000;"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, serif;"><span style="font-size: small;">Juzepchuk, S.V. (1954) Ziziphora L. In: Shishkin, B.K. (ed.) Flora of the U.S.S.R. vol. 21. Israel Program for Scientific Translations, Jerusalem, 1977. pp. 272?293.</span></span></span>
<p align="justify"><span style="color: #000000;"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, serif;"><span style="font-size: small;">Kaya, A. & Dirmenci, T. (2012) Nutlet morphology of Turkish Ziziphora L. (Lamiaceae). Plant Biosystems 146: 560?563.</span></span></span>
<p align="justify"><span style="color: #000000;"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, serif;"><span style="font-size: small;">Kaya, A., Satil, F., Dirmenci, T. & Selvi, S. (2013) Trichome micromorphology in Turkish species of Ziziphora (Lamiaceae). Nordic Journal of Botany 31: 270?277. https://doi.org/10.1111/j.1756-1051.2012.01532.x</span></span></span>
<p align="justify"><span style="color: #000000;"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, serif;"><span style="font-size: small;">Koch, K. (1843-1844) Catalogus Plantarum, In itenere per Caucasum, Georgiam Armeniamque annis MDCCCXXXVI et MDCCCXXXVII. Linnaea 17: 273?314.</span></span></span>
<p align="justify"><span style="color: #000000;"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, serif;"><span style="font-size: small;">Lamarck, J.B.A.P.M. (1791) Tableau encyclopédique et méthodique des trois règnes de la nature. Botanique. Panckoucke, Paris, 496 pp. https://doi.org/10.5962/bhl.title.218 </span></span></span>
<p align="justify"><span style="color: #000000;"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, serif;"><span style="font-size: small;">Linnaues, L. (1753) Species plantarum. Salvius, Stockholm, 560 pp.</span></span></span>
<p align="justify"><span style="color: #000000;"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, serif;"><span style="font-size: small;">Náb?lek, F. (1926) Iter Turcico-Persicum – plantarum colectarum enumeratio. Publicatins de la Faculté des Sciences de l’Université Masaryk, Brno, 70 pp.</span></span></span>
<p align="justify"><span style="color: #000000;"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, serif;"><span style="font-size: small;">Rechinger, K.H. (1951) Die ausdauernden Ziziphora-Aiten des Iranischen Hochlandes und seiner Nachbargebiete. Phyton (Horn) 3: 161?172.</span></span></span>
<p align="justify"><span style="color: #000000;"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, serif;"><span style="font-size: small;">Rechinger, K.H. (1982) Flora Iranica. no 150. Akademische Druck – u. Verlagsanstalt, Graz, pp. 480–493.</span></span></span>
<p align="justify"><span style="color: #000000;"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, serif;"><span style="font-size: small;">Selvi, S. (2011) Morphological and anatomical studies on Ziziphora L. species in Turkey. Balikesir University Institute of Science, Bal?kesir, pp. 1–321. [Ph.D. Thesis-in Turkish]</span></span></span>
<p align="justify"><span style="color: #000000;"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, serif;"><span style="font-size: small;">Selvi, S., Satil, F., Martin, E., Celenk, S. & Dirmenci, T. (2015) Some evidence for infrageneric classification in Ziziphora L. (Lamiaceae:Mentheae). Plant Biosystems 149: 415?423. https://doi.org/10.1080/11263504.2013.853701</span></span></span>
<p align="justify"><span style="color: #000000;"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, serif;"><span style="font-size: small;">Sat?l, F. & Selvi, S. (2020) Ethnobotanical Features of Ziziphora L. (Lamiaceae) Taxa in Turkey. International Journal of Nature and Life Sciences 4: 56?65.</span></span></span>
<p align="justify"><span style="color: #000000;"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, serif;"><span style="font-size: small;">Selvi, S., Polat, R., Çak?lc?o?lu, U., Celep, F., Dirmenci, T. & Ertu?, Z.F. (2022) An ethnobotanical review on medicinal plants of the Lamiaceae family in Turkey. Turkish Journal of Botany 46: 283?332. https://doi.org/10.55730/1300-008X.2712</span></span></span>
<p align="justify"><span style="color: #000000;"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, serif;"><span style="font-size: small;">Taifour, H. & El-Oqlah, A. (2017) The Plants of Jordan: an annoted checklist. Ghazanfar, A.S. (ed.) Kew publishing, Royal botanic Gardens, Kew. pp. 107?108.</span></span></span>
<p align="justify"><span style="color: #000000;"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, serif;"><span style="font-size: small;">Turland, N.J., Wiersema, J.H., Barrie, F.R., Greuter, W., Hawksworth, D.L., Herendeen, P.S., Knapp, S., Kusber, W.-H., Li, D.-Z., Marhold, K., May, T.W., McNeill, J., Monro, A.M., Prado, J., Price, M.J. & Smith, G.F. (Eds.) (2018) International Code of Nomenclature for algae, fungi, and plants (Shenzhen Code) adopted by the Nineteenth International Botanical Congress Shenzhen, China, July 2017. Regnum Vegetabile 159. Glashütten: Koeltz Botanical Books. https://doi.org/10.12705/Code.2018</span></span></span>
<p align="justify"><span style="color: #000000;"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, serif;"><span style="font-size: small;">Tutin, T.G., Heywood, V.H., Burgers, N.A., Moore, D.M., Valentine, D.H., Walters, S.M. & Webb, D.A. (1976) Flora Europae 4 Plantaginaceae to Composita (and Rubiaceae). Cambridge University Press, Cambridge, 505 pp.</span></span></span>
<p align="justify"><span style="color: #000000;"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, serif;"><span style="font-size: small;">WCVP (2022) World Checklist of Vascular Plants, version 2.0. Available from: http://wcvp.science.kew.org/ (accessed 11 October 2022).</span></span></span>
<p align="justify"><span style="color: #000000;"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, serif;"><span style="font-size: small;">Blakelock, R.A. (1949) The Rustam Herbarium “IRAQ” Part IV. (Systematic list). Kew Bulletin 4: 517?553. https://doi.org/10.2307/4109066</span></span></span>
<p align="justify"><span style="color: #000000;"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, serif;"><span style="font-size: small;">Boissier, P.E. (1879) Flora orientalis 4. H. Georg, Genève & Basilea, 1276 pp.</span></span></span>
<p align="justify"><span style="color: #000000;"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, serif;"><span style="font-size: small;">Braun, H. (1879) I. Labiatae.Beitrag zur Flora von Persien. Verhandlungen der Kaiserlich-Königlichen Zoologisch-Botanischen Gesellschaft in Wien 39: 214–239.</span></span></span>
<p align="justify"><span style="color: #000000;"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, serif;"><span style="font-size: small;">Dinsmore, E. (1933) Flora of Palestine and Sinai. vol. 2. American Press, Beirut, pp. 345?347.</span></span></span>
<p align="justify"><span style="color: #000000;"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, serif;"><span style="font-size: small;">Dirmenci, T. (2012) Clinopodium L. In: Güner, A., Aslan, S., Ekim, T., Vural, M., Babaç, M.T. (eds.) Türkiye Bitkileri Listesi (Damarl? Bitkiler). Nezahat Gökyi?it Botanik Bahçesi ve Flora Ara?t?rmalar? Derne?i Yay?n?, Istanbul, pp. 602–603. [in Turkish]</span></span></span>
<p align="justify"><span style="color: #000000;"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, serif;"><span style="font-size: small;">Edmondson, J.R. (1982) Ziziphora L. In: Davis, P.H. (ed.) Flora of Turkey and the east Aegean Islands. vol. 7. Edinburgh University Press, Edinburgh, pp. 395–399.</span></span></span>
<p align="justify"><span style="color: #000000;"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, serif;"><span style="font-size: small;">Feinbrun-Dothan, N. (Ed.) (1978) Flora Palaestina. vol. 3. The Israel Academy of Sciences and Humanities, Jeruselam, pp. 145?147.</span></span></span>
<p align="justify"><span style="color: #000000;"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, serif;"><span style="font-size: small;">F?rat, M. (2017) Reported of four new subspecies of Ziziphora clinopodioides (Lamiaceae) for the flora of Turkey. Issues in Biological Sciences and Pharmaceutical Research 5: 5?11. </span></span></span>
<p align="justify"><span style="color: #000000;"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, serif;"><span style="font-size: small;">Govaerts, R. (2023) The World Checklist of Vascular Plants (WCVP). Royal Botanic Gardens, Kew. Checklist dataset: https://doi.org/10.15468/6h8ucr (accessed via GBIF.org on 10 Jan. 2023) </span></span></span>
<p align="justify"><span style="color: #000000;"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, serif;"><span style="font-size: small;">Handel-Mazzetti, H.F. (1913) Pteridophyta und Anthophyta aus Mesopotamien un Kurdistan sowie Syrien und Prinkipo, 1910. Annalen des Naturhistorishen Museums in Wien: 408?421.</span></span></span>
<p align="justify"><span style="color: #000000;"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, serif;"><span style="font-size: small;">Harley, R.M., Atkins, S., Budantsev, A.L., Cantino, P.D., Conn, B.J., Grayer, R., Harley, M.M., Krestovskaja, T., Morales, A., Paton, A.J., Ryding, O. & Upson, T. (2004) Labiatae. In: Kadereit, J.W. (ed.) Flowering plants Dicotyledons: Lamiales (except Acanthaceae including Avicenniaceae). vol. 7. Springer, Berlin, pp. 242?243. https://doi.org/10.1007/978-3-642-18617-2_11</span></span></span>
<p align="justify"><span style="color: #000000;"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, serif;"><span style="font-size: small;">Hedge, I.C. (1961) Some remarks on the perennial species of Ziziphora with particular reference to those in Turkey. Notes R.B.G. Edinburgh 23: 209?221.</span></span></span>
<p align="justify"><span style="color: #000000;"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, serif;"><span style="font-size: small;">IPNI (2022) International Plant Names Index. Available from: https://ipni.org./?q=Ziziphora (accessed 21 September 2022)</span></span></span>
<p align="justify"><span style="color: #000000;"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, serif;"><span style="font-size: small;">Jamzad, Z. (2012) Lamiaceae. In: Assadi, M., Maassoumi, A.A. & Mozoffarian, V. (eds.) Flora of Iran 76. Research Institute of Forest and Rangelands, Tehran, pp. 636?655.</span></span></span>
<p align="justify"><span style="color: #000000;"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, serif;"><span style="font-size: small;">Juzepchuk, S.V. (1954) Ziziphora L. In: Shishkin, B.K. (ed.) Flora of the U.S.S.R. vol. 21. Israel Program for Scientific Translations, Jerusalem, 1977. pp. 272?293.</span></span></span>
<p align="justify"><span style="color: #000000;"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, serif;"><span style="font-size: small;">Kaya, A. & Dirmenci, T. (2012) Nutlet morphology of Turkish Ziziphora L. (Lamiaceae). Plant Biosystems 146: 560?563.</span></span></span>
<p align="justify"><span style="color: #000000;"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, serif;"><span style="font-size: small;">Kaya, A., Satil, F., Dirmenci, T. & Selvi, S. (2013) Trichome micromorphology in Turkish species of Ziziphora (Lamiaceae). Nordic Journal of Botany 31: 270?277. https://doi.org/10.1111/j.1756-1051.2012.01532.x</span></span></span>
<p align="justify"><span style="color: #000000;"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, serif;"><span style="font-size: small;">Koch, K. (1843-1844) Catalogus Plantarum, In itenere per Caucasum, Georgiam Armeniamque annis MDCCCXXXVI et MDCCCXXXVII. Linnaea 17: 273?314.</span></span></span>
<p align="justify"><span style="color: #000000;"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, serif;"><span style="font-size: small;">Lamarck, J.B.A.P.M. (1791) Tableau encyclopédique et méthodique des trois règnes de la nature. Botanique. Panckoucke, Paris, 496 pp. https://doi.org/10.5962/bhl.title.218 </span></span></span>
<p align="justify"><span style="color: #000000;"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, serif;"><span style="font-size: small;">Linnaues, L. (1753) Species plantarum. Salvius, Stockholm, 560 pp.</span></span></span>
<p align="justify"><span style="color: #000000;"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, serif;"><span style="font-size: small;">Náb?lek, F. (1926) Iter Turcico-Persicum – plantarum colectarum enumeratio. Publicatins de la Faculté des Sciences de l’Université Masaryk, Brno, 70 pp.</span></span></span>
<p align="justify"><span style="color: #000000;"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, serif;"><span style="font-size: small;">Rechinger, K.H. (1951) Die ausdauernden Ziziphora-Aiten des Iranischen Hochlandes und seiner Nachbargebiete. Phyton (Horn) 3: 161?172.</span></span></span>
<p align="justify"><span style="color: #000000;"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, serif;"><span style="font-size: small;">Rechinger, K.H. (1982) Flora Iranica. no 150. Akademische Druck – u. Verlagsanstalt, Graz, pp. 480–493.</span></span></span>
<p align="justify"><span style="color: #000000;"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, serif;"><span style="font-size: small;">Selvi, S. (2011) Morphological and anatomical studies on Ziziphora L. species in Turkey. Balikesir University Institute of Science, Bal?kesir, pp. 1–321. [Ph.D. Thesis-in Turkish]</span></span></span>
<p align="justify"><span style="color: #000000;"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, serif;"><span style="font-size: small;">Selvi, S., Satil, F., Martin, E., Celenk, S. & Dirmenci, T. (2015) Some evidence for infrageneric classification in Ziziphora L. (Lamiaceae:Mentheae). Plant Biosystems 149: 415?423. https://doi.org/10.1080/11263504.2013.853701</span></span></span>
<p align="justify"><span style="color: #000000;"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, serif;"><span style="font-size: small;">Sat?l, F. & Selvi, S. (2020) Ethnobotanical Features of Ziziphora L. (Lamiaceae) Taxa in Turkey. International Journal of Nature and Life Sciences 4: 56?65.</span></span></span>
<p align="justify"><span style="color: #000000;"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, serif;"><span style="font-size: small;">Selvi, S., Polat, R., Çak?lc?o?lu, U., Celep, F., Dirmenci, T. & Ertu?, Z.F. (2022) An ethnobotanical review on medicinal plants of the Lamiaceae family in Turkey. Turkish Journal of Botany 46: 283?332. https://doi.org/10.55730/1300-008X.2712</span></span></span>
<p align="justify"><span style="color: #000000;"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, serif;"><span style="font-size: small;">Taifour, H. & El-Oqlah, A. (2017) The Plants of Jordan: an annoted checklist. Ghazanfar, A.S. (ed.) Kew publishing, Royal botanic Gardens, Kew. pp. 107?108.</span></span></span>
<p align="justify"><span style="color: #000000;"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, serif;"><span style="font-size: small;">Turland, N.J., Wiersema, J.H., Barrie, F.R., Greuter, W., Hawksworth, D.L., Herendeen, P.S., Knapp, S., Kusber, W.-H., Li, D.-Z., Marhold, K., May, T.W., McNeill, J., Monro, A.M., Prado, J., Price, M.J. & Smith, G.F. (Eds.) (2018) International Code of Nomenclature for algae, fungi, and plants (Shenzhen Code) adopted by the Nineteenth International Botanical Congress Shenzhen, China, July 2017. Regnum Vegetabile 159. Glashütten: Koeltz Botanical Books. https://doi.org/10.12705/Code.2018</span></span></span>
<p align="justify"><span style="color: #000000;"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, serif;"><span style="font-size: small;">Tutin, T.G., Heywood, V.H., Burgers, N.A., Moore, D.M., Valentine, D.H., Walters, S.M. & Webb, D.A. (1976) Flora Europae 4 Plantaginaceae to Composita (and Rubiaceae). Cambridge University Press, Cambridge, 505 pp.</span></span></span>
<p align="justify"><span style="color: #000000;"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, serif;"><span style="font-size: small;">WCVP (2022) World Checklist of Vascular Plants, version 2.0. Available from: http://wcvp.science.kew.org/ (accessed 11 October 2022).</span></span></span>