Abstract
Amanita stubbosa, a new species in subclade III of A. sect. Phalloideae, is described from West Africa based on morphological and molecular evidence. The species is characterized by a white pileus covered with small white broadly adherent squamules or greyish to whitish erected, pyramidal, subconical, patchy universal veil, a slightly striate pileal margin, a marginate basal bulb, and broadly ellipsoid to ellipsoid, weakly amyloid basidiospores. Phylogenetic analyses based on three gene regions (nrLSU, RPB2, and TEF1-α) revealed that A. stubbosa is a distinct species closely related to A. bulbulosa. Moreover, A. stubbosa was reported to lack the most notorious toxins (amatoxins and phallotoxins). A detailed description, illustrations, and comparisons with morphologically and phylogenetically closely related species are provided.
References
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<p align="justify"><span style="color: #000000;"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, serif;"><span style="font-size: small;">Codjia, J.E.I., Cai, Q., Zhou, S.W., Luo, H., Ryberg, M., Yorou, N.S. & Yang, Z.L. (2020) Morphology, multilocus phylogeny, and toxin analysis reveal Amanita albolimbata, the first lethal Amanita Species from Benin, West Africa. Frontiers in Microbiology 11: 599047. https://doi.org/10.3389/fmicb.2020.599047 </span></span></span>
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<p align="justify"><span style="color: #000000;"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, serif;"><span style="font-size: small;">Corner, E.J.H. & Bas, C. (1962) The genus Amanita in Singapore and Malaya. Persoonia 2: 241?304. </span></span></span>
<p align="justify"><span style="color: #000000;"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, serif;"><span style="font-size: small;">Cui, Y.Y., Cai, Q., Tang, L.P., Liu, J.W. & Yang, Z.L. (2018) The family Amanitaceae: molecular phylogeny, higher-rank taxonomy and the species in China. Fungal Diversity 91: 5–230. https://doi.org/10.1007/s13225-018-0405-9</span></span></span>
<p align="justify"><span style="color: #000000;"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, serif;"><span style="font-size: small;">Cui, Y.Y., Cai, Q. & Yang, Z.L. (2021) Amanita chuformis, a new Amanita species with a marginate basal bulb. Mycoscience 62: 29–35. </span></span></span>
<p align="justify"><span style="color: #000000;"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, serif;"><span style="font-size: small;">Davison, E.M., Giustiniano, D., Busetti, F., Gates, G.M. & Syme, K. (2017) Death cap mushrooms from southern Australia: additions to Amanita (Amanitaceae, Agaricales) section Phalloideae Clade IX. Australian Systematic Botany 30: 371–389. https://doi.org/10.1071/SB17032</span></span></span>
<p align="justify"><span style="color: #000000;"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, serif;"><span style="font-size: small;">Do, T., Bigot, S., Zin, I. & Galle, S. (2013) Etude des relations entre la couverture végétale et la température de surface calculées à partir des données Landsat ETM+ à l’échelle du bassin versant de l’Ouémé supérieur (Bénin). Proceedings of the XXVIth Conference of International Climatology Association 26: 206–211.</span></span></span>
<p align="justify"><span style="color: #000000;"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, serif;"><span style="font-size: small;">Do, T., Bigot, S. & Galle, S. (2014) Vegetation activity in the Upper Oueme Basin (Benin, Africa) studied from SPOT-VGT (2002-2012) according to land cover. International Journal of Remote Sensing Applications 4: 121–133. https://doi.org/10.14355/ijrsa.2014.0403.02</span></span></span>
<p align="justify"><span style="color: #000000;"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, serif;"><span style="font-size: small;">Doyle, J.J. & Doyle, J.L. (1987) A rapid DNA isolation procedure for small quantities of fresh leaf tissue. Phytochemical bulletin 19: 11–15. </span></span></span>
<p align="justify"><span style="color: #000000;"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, serif;"><span style="font-size: small;">Fraiture, A., Amalfi, M., Raspé, O., Kaya, E., Akata, I. & Degreef, J. (2019) Two new species of Amanita sect. Phalloideae from Africa, one of which is devoid of amatoxins and phallotoxins. MycoKeys 53: 93–125. https://doi.org/10.3897/mycokeys.53.34560</span></span></span>
<p align="justify"><span style="color: #000000;"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, serif;"><span style="font-size: small;">Hall, T.A. (1999) BioEdit: a user-friendly biological sequence alignment editor and analysis program for Windows 95/98/NT. Nucleic acids symposium series 41: 95–98. </span></span></span>
<p align="justify"><span style="color: #000000;"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, serif;"><span style="font-size: small;">Henriot, A. & Cheype, J.L. (2020) Piximètre: La mesure de dimensions sur images. Version 5.10.</span></span></span>
<p align="justify"><span style="color: #000000;"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, serif;"><span style="font-size: small;">Hoang, D.T., Chernomor, O., von Haeseler, A., Minh, B.Q. & Vinh, L.S. (2018) UFBoot2: Improving the ultrafast bootstrap approximation. Molecular Biology and Evolution 35: 518–522. https://doi.org/10.1093/molbev/msx281 </span></span></span>
<p align="justify"><span style="color: #000000;"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, serif;"><span style="font-size: small;">Hongo, T. (1974) Two new species of Amanita from Castanopsis forests in Japan. In: Travaux Mycologiques Dédiés à R Kühner. Numéro spécial du Bulletin Mensuel de la Société Linnéenne de Lyon 43e année, 1974. pp. 189–193.</span></span></span>
<p align="justify"><span style="color: #000000;"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, serif;"><span style="font-size: small;">Jansson, D., Fredriksson, S.Å., Herrmann, A. & Nilsson, C. (2012) A concept study onidentification and attribution profiling of chemical threat agents using liquidchromatography-mass spectrometry applied to Amanita toxins in food. Forensic Science International 221: 44–49. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.forsciint.2012.03.023</span></span></span>
<p align="justify"><span style="color: #000000;"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, serif;"><span style="font-size: small;">Jenkins, D.T. (1988) A new species of Amanita from North America: Amanita levistriata. Mycotaxon 32 (32): 415–419. </span></span></span>
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