Abstract
The newly identified Tuber mongolicum sp. nov. in the clade Maculutum, is described based on morphological characteristics and molecular data. The new species is characterised by concave shallow grooves on the surface of ascocarps and subglobose to oval ascospores. This species produces ascomata in autumn and is currently known from Inner Mongolia.
References
<p align="justify"><span style="color: #000000;"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, serif;"><span style="font-size: small;"><span lang="en-GB">Bonito, G., Trappe, J.M., Rawlinson, P. & Vilgalys, R. (2010a) Improved resolution of major clades within </span>Tuber and taxonomy of species within the Tuber gibbosum complex. Mycologia 102 (5): 1042–1057. https://doi.org/10.3852/09-213</span></span></span>
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<p align="justify"><span style="color: #000000;"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, serif;"><span style="font-size: small;">Bonito, G., Smith, M.E., Nowak, M., Healy, R.A. Guevara, G. Cázares, E. Kinoshita, A. Nouhra, E.R. Domínguez, L.S. Tedersoo, L. Murat, C. Wang, Y. Moreno, B.A. Pfister, D.H. Nara, K. Zambonelli, A. Trappe, J.M. & Vilgalys, R. (2013) Historical biogeography and diversification of truffles in the Tuberaceae and their newly identified southern hemisphere sister lineage. PloS one 8 (1): e52765. https://doi.org/10.1371/journal.pone.0052765</span></span></span>
<p align="justify"><span style="color: #000000;"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, serif;"><span style="font-size: small;">Chen, J., Deng, X., Chen, J., Qiao, P., Zhang, J.P., Wan, S.P. & Liu, P.G. (2011) A checklist of the genus Tuber (Pezizales, Ascomycota) in China. Journal of Fungal Research 9 (4): 244–254. https://doi.org/10.3969/j.issn.1672-3538.2011.04.010</span></span></span>
<p align="justify"><span style="color: #000000;"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, serif;"><span style="font-size: small;">Edgar, R.C. (2004) MUSCLE: multiple sequence alignment with high accuracy and high throughput. Nucleic Acids Research 32: 1792–1797. https://doi.org/10.1093/nar/gkh340</span></span></span>
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<p align="justify"><span style="color: #000000;"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, serif;"><span style="font-size: small;">Fan, L., Li, T., Xu, Y.Y. & Yan, X.Y. (2022) Species diversity, phylogeny, endemism and geography of the truffle genus Tuber in China based on morphological and molecular data. Persoonia-Molecular Phylogeny and Evolution of Fungi. https://doi.org/10.3767/persoonia.2022.48.05</span></span></span>
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<p align="justify"><span style="color: #000000;"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, serif;"><span style="font-size: small;">Kinoshita, A., Sasaki, H. & Nara, K. (2011) Phylogeny and diversity of Japanese truffles (Tuber spp.) inferred from sequences of four nuclear loci. Mycologia 103 (4): 779–794. https://doi.org/10.3852/10-138</span></span></span>
<p align="justify"><span style="color: #000000;"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, serif;"><span style="font-size: small;">Knapp, A. (1954) Die Europäischen Hypogaeen-Gattungen und ihre Gattungstypen. II. Teil (Fortsetzung). Die Gattungstypen der Melanogastraceae und weitere spezies. Schweizerisches Zeitschrift für Pilzkunde 32 (8): 117–130.</span></span></span>
<p align="justify"><span style="color: #000000;"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, serif;"><span style="font-size: small;">Lin, C.L., Tsai, M.J., Fu, C.H., Chang, T.T., Li, H.T. & Wong, K.F. (2018) Tuber elevatireticulatum sp. nov., a new species of whitish truffle from Taiwan. Botanical studies 59 (1): 1–10. https://doi.org/10.1186/s40529-018-0241-y</span></span></span>
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<p align="justify"><span style="color: #000000;"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, serif;"><span style="font-size: small;">Liu, P.G. (2016) Truffles from China[M]. Beijing Science and Technology Press.</span></span></span>
<p align="justify"><span style="color: #000000;"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, serif;"><span style="font-size: small;">Liu, B. (1985) New species and new records of hypogeous fungi from China (<span style="font-family: KozGoPro-Regular, serif;">?</span>)[J]. Mycosystema 1985 (02): 84–89. https://doi.org/10.13346/j.mycosystema.1985.02.003</span></span></span>
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<p align="justify"><span style="color: #000000;"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, serif;"><span style="font-size: small;">Ronquist, F., Teslenko, M., Van Der Mark, P., Ayres, D.L., Darling, A., Höhna, S., Larget, B., Liu, L., Suchard, M.A. & Huelsenbeck, J.P. (2012) MrBayes 3.2: efficient Bayesian phylogenetic inference and model choice across a large model space. Systematic biology 61 (3): 539–542. https://doi.org/10.1093/sysbio/sys029</span></span></span>
<p align="justify"><span style="color: #000000;"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, serif;"><span style="font-size: small;">Stamatakis, A. (2014) RAxML version 8: a tool for phylogenetic analysis and post-analysis of large phylogenies. Bioinformatics 30 (9): 1312–1313. https://doi.org/10.1093/bioinformatics/btu033</span></span></span>
<p align="justify"><span style="color: #000000;"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, serif;"><span style="font-size: small;">Stamatakis, A., Hoover, P. & Rougemont, J. (2008) A rapid bootstrap algorithm for the RAxML web servers. Systematic biology 57 (5): 758–771. https://doi.org/10.1080/10635150802429642</span></span></span>
<p align="justify"><span style="color: #000000;"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, serif;"><span style="font-size: small;">Song MS. (2005) Taxonomic and molecular systematic studies on Tuber in China. PhD thesis, Graduate School of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing. [In Chinese]</span></span></span>
<p align="justify"><span style="color: #000000;"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, serif;"><span style="font-size: small;">Silvestro, D. & Michalak, I. (2012) raxmlGUI: a graphical front-end for RAxML. Organisms Diversity & Evolution 12 (4): 335–337. https://doi.org/10.1007/s13127-011-0056-0</span></span></span>
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<p align="justify"><span style="color: #000000;"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, serif;"><span style="font-size: small;">Tao, K., Liu, B. & Zhang, D.C. (1989) A new species of the genus Tuber from China. Journal of Shanxi University (Natural Science Edition) 12: 215–218.</span></span></span>
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<p align="justify"><span style="color: #000000;"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, serif;"><span style="font-size: small;">Zhang, D., Gao, F., Jakovli?, I., Zou, H., Zhang, J., Li, W.X. & Wang, G.T. (2020) PhyloSuite: an integrated and scalable desktop platform for streamlined molecular sequence data management and evolutionary phylogenetics studies. Molecular ecology resources 20 (1): 348–355. https://doi.org/10.1101/489088</span></span></span>
<p align="justify"><span style="color: #000000;"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, serif;"><span style="font-size: small;">Bonito, G.M., Gryganskyi, A.P., Trappe, J.M. & Vilgalys, R. (2010b) A global meta-analysis of Tuber ITS rDNA sequences: species diversity, host associations and long-distance dispersal. Molecular Ecology 19 (22): 4994–5008. https://doi.org/10.1111/j.1365-294X.2010.04855.x</span></span></span>
<p align="justify"><span style="color: #000000;"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, serif;"><span style="font-size: small;">Bonito, G., Smith, M.E., Nowak, M., Healy, R.A. Guevara, G. Cázares, E. Kinoshita, A. Nouhra, E.R. Domínguez, L.S. Tedersoo, L. Murat, C. Wang, Y. Moreno, B.A. Pfister, D.H. Nara, K. Zambonelli, A. Trappe, J.M. & Vilgalys, R. (2013) Historical biogeography and diversification of truffles in the Tuberaceae and their newly identified southern hemisphere sister lineage. PloS one 8 (1): e52765. https://doi.org/10.1371/journal.pone.0052765</span></span></span>
<p align="justify"><span style="color: #000000;"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, serif;"><span style="font-size: small;">Chen, J., Deng, X., Chen, J., Qiao, P., Zhang, J.P., Wan, S.P. & Liu, P.G. (2011) A checklist of the genus Tuber (Pezizales, Ascomycota) in China. Journal of Fungal Research 9 (4): 244–254. https://doi.org/10.3969/j.issn.1672-3538.2011.04.010</span></span></span>
<p align="justify"><span style="color: #000000;"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, serif;"><span style="font-size: small;">Edgar, R.C. (2004) MUSCLE: multiple sequence alignment with high accuracy and high throughput. Nucleic Acids Research 32: 1792–1797. https://doi.org/10.1093/nar/gkh340</span></span></span>
<p align="justify"><span style="color: #000000;"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, serif;"><span style="font-size: small;">Fan, L., Han, L., Zhang, P.R. & Yan, X.Y. (2016) Molecular analysis of Chinese truffles resembling Tuber californicum in morphology reveals a rich pattern of species diversity with emphasis on four new species. Mycologia 108 (2): 344–353. https://doi.org/10.3852/14-343</span></span></span>
<p align="justify"><span style="color: #000000;"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, serif;"><span style="font-size: small;">Fan, L., Li, T., Xu, Y.Y. & Yan, X.Y. (2022) Species diversity, phylogeny, endemism and geography of the truffle genus Tuber in China based on morphological and molecular data. Persoonia-Molecular Phylogeny and Evolution of Fungi. https://doi.org/10.3767/persoonia.2022.48.05</span></span></span>
<p align="justify"><span style="color: #000000;"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, serif;"><span style="font-size: small;">Fries, E.M. (1823) Systema Mycologicum, vol. 2. pp. 275–620.</span></span></span>
<p align="justify"><span style="color: #000000;"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, serif;"><span style="font-size: small;">Fischer, E. (1938) Tuberineae. In: Engler, A. & Harms, H. (eds.) Die Natürlichen Pflanzenfamilien. Vol. 8. Wilhelm Engelmann Verlag, Leipzig. pp. 1–42.</span></span></span>
<p align="justify"><span style="color: #000000;"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, serif;"><span style="font-size: small;">Gardes, M. & Bruns, T.D. (1993) ITS primers with enhanced specificity for basidiomycetes-application to the identification of mycorrhizae and rusts. Molecular ecology 2 (2): 113–118. https://doi.org/10.1111/j.1365-294X.1993.tb00005.x</span></span></span>
<p align="justify"><span style="color: #000000;"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, serif;"><span style="font-size: small;">Guevara, G., Bonito, G., Trappe, J.M., Cázares, E., Williams, G., Healy, R.A., Schadt, C. & Vilgalys, R. (2013) New North American truffles (Tuber spp.) and their ectomycorrhizal associations. Mycologia 105 (1): 194–209. https://doi.org/10.3852/12-087</span></span></span>
<p align="justify"><span style="color: #000000;"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, serif;"><span style="font-size: small;">Hall, T.A. (1999) BioEdit: a user-friendly biological sequence alignment editor and analysis program for Windows 95/98/NT. In Nucleic acids symposium series. Vol. 41, No. 41. [London]: Information Retrieval Ltd. c1979–c2000. pp. 95–98.</span></span></span>
<p align="justify"><span style="color: #000000;"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, serif;"><span style="font-size: small;">Jeandroz, S., Murat, C., Wang, Y., Bonfante, P. & Tacon, F.L. (2008) Molecular phylogeny and historical biogeography of the genus Tuber, the ‘true truffles’. Journal of Biogeography 35 (5): 815–829. https://doi.org/10.1111/j.1365-2699.2007.01851.x</span></span></span>
<p align="justify"><span style="color: #000000;"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, serif;"><span style="font-size: small;">Katoh, K. & Frith, M.C. (2012) Adding unaligned sequences into an existing alignment using MAFFT and LAST. Bioinformatics 28 (23): 3144–3146. https://doi.org/10.1093/bioinformatics/bts578</span></span></span>
<p align="justify"><span style="color: #000000;"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, serif;"><span style="font-size: small;">Kalyaanamoorthy, S., Minh, B.Q., Wong, T.K., Von Haeseler, A. & Jermiin, L.S. (2017) ModelFinder: fast model selection for accurate phylogenetic estimates. Nature methods 14 (6): 587–589. https://doi.org/10.1038/nmeth.4285</span></span></span>
<p align="justify"><span style="color: #000000;"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, serif;"><span style="font-size: small;">Kinoshita, A., Sasaki, H. & Nara, K. (2011) Phylogeny and diversity of Japanese truffles (Tuber spp.) inferred from sequences of four nuclear loci. Mycologia 103 (4): 779–794. https://doi.org/10.3852/10-138</span></span></span>
<p align="justify"><span style="color: #000000;"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, serif;"><span style="font-size: small;">Knapp, A. (1954) Die Europäischen Hypogaeen-Gattungen und ihre Gattungstypen. II. Teil (Fortsetzung). Die Gattungstypen der Melanogastraceae und weitere spezies. Schweizerisches Zeitschrift für Pilzkunde 32 (8): 117–130.</span></span></span>
<p align="justify"><span style="color: #000000;"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, serif;"><span style="font-size: small;">Lin, C.L., Tsai, M.J., Fu, C.H., Chang, T.T., Li, H.T. & Wong, K.F. (2018) Tuber elevatireticulatum sp. nov., a new species of whitish truffle from Taiwan. Botanical studies 59 (1): 1–10. https://doi.org/10.1186/s40529-018-0241-y</span></span></span>
<p align="justify"><span style="color: #000000;"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, serif;"><span style="font-size: small;">Li, S., Qiao, P., Liu, S., Chen, J. & Guo, S. (2017) Research progress in the molecular systematics and symbiotic mechanism of Tuber (Tuberaceae, Ascomycota). Mycosystema 36 (2): 131–144. https://doi.org/10.13346/j.mycosystema.160043</span></span></span>
<p align="justify"><span style="color: #000000;"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, serif;"><span style="font-size: small;">Liu, P.G. (2016) Truffles from China[M]. Beijing Science and Technology Press.</span></span></span>
<p align="justify"><span style="color: #000000;"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, serif;"><span style="font-size: small;">Liu, B. (1985) New species and new records of hypogeous fungi from China (<span style="font-family: KozGoPro-Regular, serif;">?</span>)[J]. Mycosystema 1985 (02): 84–89. https://doi.org/10.13346/j.mycosystema.1985.02.003</span></span></span>
<p align="justify"><span style="color: #000000;"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, serif;"><span style="font-size: small;">Micheli, P.A. (1729) Nova plantarum genera iuxta Tournefortii methodum disposita quibus plantae 1900 recensentur, scilicet fere 1400 nondum observatae, reliquae suis sedibus restitutae; quarum vero figuram exhibere visum fuit, eae ad 550 aeneis tabulis 108 graphice expressae sunt; adnotationibus, atque observationibus, raecipua fungorum, mucorum, affiniumque plantarum sationem, ortum,[€ t] incrementum spectantibus, interdum adiectis..[M]. Typis Bernardi Paperinii. https://doi.org/10.5962/bhl.title.49380</span></span></span>
<p align="justify"><span style="color: #000000;"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, serif;"><span style="font-size: small;">Rambaut, A. (2016) FigTree v1. 4.3 2006–2016. Tree Figure Drawing Tool. Online publication. Institute of Evolutionary Biology University of Edinburgh. [https://vcru.wisc.edu/simonlab/bioinformatics/programs/figtree/README.txt]</span></span></span>
<p align="justify"><span style="color: #000000;"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, serif;"><span style="font-size: small;">Ronquist, F., Teslenko, M., Van Der Mark, P., Ayres, D.L., Darling, A., Höhna, S., Larget, B., Liu, L., Suchard, M.A. & Huelsenbeck, J.P. (2012) MrBayes 3.2: efficient Bayesian phylogenetic inference and model choice across a large model space. Systematic biology 61 (3): 539–542. https://doi.org/10.1093/sysbio/sys029</span></span></span>
<p align="justify"><span style="color: #000000;"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, serif;"><span style="font-size: small;">Stamatakis, A. (2014) RAxML version 8: a tool for phylogenetic analysis and post-analysis of large phylogenies. Bioinformatics 30 (9): 1312–1313. https://doi.org/10.1093/bioinformatics/btu033</span></span></span>
<p align="justify"><span style="color: #000000;"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, serif;"><span style="font-size: small;">Stamatakis, A., Hoover, P. & Rougemont, J. (2008) A rapid bootstrap algorithm for the RAxML web servers. Systematic biology 57 (5): 758–771. https://doi.org/10.1080/10635150802429642</span></span></span>
<p align="justify"><span style="color: #000000;"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, serif;"><span style="font-size: small;">Song MS. (2005) Taxonomic and molecular systematic studies on Tuber in China. PhD thesis, Graduate School of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing. [In Chinese]</span></span></span>
<p align="justify"><span style="color: #000000;"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, serif;"><span style="font-size: small;">Silvestro, D. & Michalak, I. (2012) raxmlGUI: a graphical front-end for RAxML. Organisms Diversity & Evolution 12 (4): 335–337. https://doi.org/10.1007/s13127-011-0056-0</span></span></span>
<p align="justify"><span style="color: #000000;"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, serif;"><span style="font-size: small;">Tamura, K., Peterson, D., Peterson, N., Stecher, G., Nei, M. & Kumar, S. (2011) MEGA5: molecular evolutionary genetics analysis using maximum likelihood, evolutionary distance, and maximum parsimony methods. Molecular biology and evolution 28 (10): 2731–2739. https://doi.org/10.1093/molbev/msr121</span></span></span>
<p align="justify"><span style="color: #000000;"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, serif;"><span style="font-size: small;">Tao, K., Liu, B. & Zhang, D.C. (1989) A new species of the genus Tuber from China. Journal of Shanxi University (Natural Science Edition) 12: 215–218.</span></span></span>
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