Abstract
The newly identified Tuber mongolicum sp. nov. in the clade Maculutum, is described based on morphological characteristics and molecular data. The new species is characterised by concave shallow grooves on the surface of ascocarps and subglobose to oval ascospores. This species produces ascomata in autumn and is currently known from Inner Mongolia.
References
<p align="justify"><span style="color: #000000;"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, serif;"><span style="font-size: small;"><span lang="en-GB"><em>Bonito, G., Trappe, J.M., Rawlinson, P. & Vilgalys, R. (2010a) Improved resolution of major clades within </em></span><em>Tuber</em> and taxonomy of species within the <em>Tuber gibbosum</em> complex. <em>Mycologia</em> 102 (5): 1042–1057. https://doi.org/10.3852/09-213</span></span></span></p>
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<p align="justify"><span style="color: #000000;"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, serif;"><span style="font-size: small;">Bonito, G., Smith, M.E., Nowak, M., Healy, R.A. Guevara, G. Cázares, E. Kinoshita, A. Nouhra, E.R. Domínguez, L.S. Tedersoo, L. Murat, C. Wang, Y. Moreno, B.A. Pfister, D.H. Nara, K. Zambonelli, A. Trappe, J.M. & Vilgalys, R. (2013) Historical biogeography and diversification of truffles in the Tuberaceae and their newly identified southern hemisphere sister lineage. <em>PloS one</em> 8 (1): e52765. https://doi.org/10.1371/journal.pone.0052765</span></span></span></p>
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<p align="justify"><span style="color: #000000;"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, serif;"><span style="font-size: small;">Bonito, G.M., Gryganskyi, A.P., Trappe, J.M. & Vilgalys, R. (2010b) A global meta-analysis of <em>Tuber</em> ITS rDNA sequences: species diversity, host associations and long-distance dispersal. <em>Molecular Ecology</em> 19 (22): 4994–5008. https://doi.org/10.1111/j.1365-294X.2010.04855.x</span></span></span></p>
<p align="justify"><span style="color: #000000;"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, serif;"><span style="font-size: small;">Bonito, G., Smith, M.E., Nowak, M., Healy, R.A. Guevara, G. Cázares, E. Kinoshita, A. Nouhra, E.R. Domínguez, L.S. Tedersoo, L. Murat, C. Wang, Y. Moreno, B.A. Pfister, D.H. Nara, K. Zambonelli, A. Trappe, J.M. & Vilgalys, R. (2013) Historical biogeography and diversification of truffles in the Tuberaceae and their newly identified southern hemisphere sister lineage. <em>PloS one</em> 8 (1): e52765. https://doi.org/10.1371/journal.pone.0052765</span></span></span></p>
<p align="justify"><span style="color: #000000;"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, serif;"><span style="font-size: small;">Chen, J., Deng, X., Chen, J., Qiao, P., Zhang, J.P., Wan, S.P. & Liu, P.G. (2011) A checklist of the genus <em>Tuber</em> (Pezizales, Ascomycota) in China. <em>Journal of Fungal Research</em> 9 (4): 244–254. https://doi.org/10.3969/j.issn.1672-3538.2011.04.010</span></span></span></p>
<p align="justify"><span style="color: #000000;"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, serif;"><span style="font-size: small;">Edgar, R.C. (2004) MUSCLE: multiple sequence alignment with high accuracy and high throughput. <em>Nucleic Acids Research</em> 32: 1792–1797. https://doi.org/10.1093/nar/gkh340</span></span></span></p>
<p align="justify"><span style="color: #000000;"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, serif;"><span style="font-size: small;">Fan, L., Han, L., Zhang, P.R. & Yan, X.Y. (2016) Molecular analysis of Chinese truffles resembling <em>Tuber</em> <em>californicum</em> in morphology reveals a rich pattern of species diversity with emphasis on four new species. <em>Mycologia</em> 108 (2): 344–353. https://doi.org/10.3852/14-343</span></span></span></p>
<p align="justify"><span style="color: #000000;"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, serif;"><span style="font-size: small;">Fan, L., Li, T., Xu, Y.Y. & Yan, X.Y. (2022) Species diversity, phylogeny, endemism and geography of the truffle genus <em>Tuber</em> in China based on morphological and molecular data. <em>Persoonia-Molecular Phylogeny and Evolution of Fungi</em>. https://doi.org/10.3767/persoonia.2022.48.05</span></span></span></p>
<p align="justify"><span style="color: #000000;"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, serif;"><span style="font-size: small;">Fries, E.M. (1823) <em>Systema Mycologicum</em>, vol. 2. pp. 275–620.</span></span></span></p>
<p align="justify"><span style="color: #000000;"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, serif;"><span style="font-size: small;">Fischer, E. (1938) Tuberineae.<em> In: </em>Engler, A. & Harms, H. (eds.) <em>Die Natürlichen Pflanzenfamilien.</em> Vol. 8. Wilhelm Engelmann Verlag, Leipzig. pp. 1–42.</span></span></span></p>
<p align="justify"><span style="color: #000000;"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, serif;"><span style="font-size: small;">Gardes, M. & Bruns, T.D. (1993) ITS primers with enhanced specificity for basidiomycetes-application to the identification of mycorrhizae and rusts. <em>Molecular ecology</em> 2 (2): 113–118. https://doi.org/10.1111/j.1365-294X.1993.tb00005.x</span></span></span></p>
<p align="justify"><span style="color: #000000;"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, serif;"><span style="font-size: small;">Guevara, G., Bonito, G., Trappe, J.M., Cázares, E., Williams, G., Healy, R.A., Schadt, C. & Vilgalys, R. (2013) New North American truffles (<em>Tuber</em> spp.) and their ectomycorrhizal associations. <em>Mycologia</em> 105 (1): 194–209. https://doi.org/10.3852/12-087</span></span></span></p>
<p align="justify"><span style="color: #000000;"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, serif;"><span style="font-size: small;">Hall, T.A. (1999) BioEdit: a user-friendly biological sequence alignment editor and analysis program for Windows 95/98/NT. In Nucleic acids symposium series. Vol. 41, No. 41. [London]: Information Retrieval Ltd. c1979–c2000. pp. 95–98.</span></span></span></p>
<p align="justify"><span style="color: #000000;"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, serif;"><span style="font-size: small;">Jeandroz, S., Murat, C., Wang, Y., Bonfante, P. & Tacon, F.L. (2008) Molecular phylogeny and historical biogeography of the genus <em>Tuber</em>, the ‘true truffles’. <em>Journal of Biogeography</em> 35 (5): 815–829. https://doi.org/10.1111/j.1365-2699.2007.01851.x</span></span></span></p>
<p align="justify"><span style="color: #000000;"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, serif;"><span style="font-size: small;">Katoh, K. & Frith, M.C. (2012) Adding unaligned sequences into an existing alignment using MAFFT and LAST. <em>Bioinformatics</em> 28 (23): 3144–3146. https://doi.org/10.1093/bioinformatics/bts578</span></span></span></p>
<p align="justify"><span style="color: #000000;"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, serif;"><span style="font-size: small;">Kalyaanamoorthy, S., Minh, B.Q., Wong, T.K., Von Haeseler, A. & Jermiin, L.S. (2017) ModelFinder: fast model selection for accurate phylogenetic estimates. <em>Nature methods</em> 14 (6): 587–589. https://doi.org/10.1038/nmeth.4285</span></span></span></p>
<p align="justify"><span style="color: #000000;"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, serif;"><span style="font-size: small;">Kinoshita, A., Sasaki, H. & Nara, K. (2011) Phylogeny and diversity of Japanese truffles (<em>Tuber</em> spp.) inferred from sequences of four nuclear loci. <em>Mycologia</em> 103 (4): 779–794. https://doi.org/10.3852/10-138</span></span></span></p>
<p align="justify"><span style="color: #000000;"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, serif;"><span style="font-size: small;">Knapp, A. (1954) Die Europäischen Hypogaeen-Gattungen und ihre Gattungstypen. II. Teil (Fortsetzung). Die Gattungstypen der Melanogastraceae und weitere spezies. <em>Schweizerisches Zeitschrift für Pilzkunde</em> 32 (8): 117–130.</span></span></span></p>
<p align="justify"><span style="color: #000000;"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, serif;"><span style="font-size: small;">Lin, C.L., Tsai, M.J., Fu, C.H., Chang, T.T., Li, H.T. & Wong, K.F. (2018) <em>Tuber elevatireticulatum</em> sp. nov., a new species of whitish truffle from Taiwan. <em>Botanical studies</em> 59 (1): 1–10. https://doi.org/10.1186/s40529-018-0241-y</span></span></span></p>
<p align="justify"><span style="color: #000000;"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, serif;"><span style="font-size: small;">Li, S., Qiao, P., Liu, S., Chen, J. & Guo, S. (2017) Research progress in the molecular systematics and symbiotic mechanism of <em>Tuber</em> (Tuberaceae, Ascomycota). <em>Mycosystema</em> 36 (2): 131–144. https://doi.org/10.13346/j.mycosystema.160043</span></span></span></p>
<p align="justify"><span style="color: #000000;"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, serif;"><span style="font-size: small;">Liu, P.G. (2016) <em>Truffles from China</em>[M]. Beijing Science and Technology Press.</span></span></span></p>
<p align="justify"><span style="color: #000000;"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, serif;"><span style="font-size: small;">Liu, B. (1985) New species and new records of hypogeous fungi from China (<span style="font-family: KozGoPro-Regular, serif;">Ⅰ</span>)[J]. <em>Mycosystema </em>1985 (02): 84–89. https://doi.org/10.13346/j.mycosystema.1985.02.003</span></span></span></p>
<p align="justify"><span style="color: #000000;"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, serif;"><span style="font-size: small;">Micheli, P.A. (1729) <em>Nova plantarum genera iuxta Tournefortii methodum disposita quibus plantae 1900 recensentur, scilicet fere 1400 nondum observatae, reliquae suis sedibus restitutae; quarum vero figuram exhibere visum fuit, eae ad 550 aeneis tabulis 108 graphice expressae sunt; adnotationibus, atque observationibus, raecipua fungorum, mucorum, affiniumque plantarum sationem, ortum,[€ t] incrementum spectantibus, interdum adiectis</em>..[M]. Typis Bernardi Paperinii. https://doi.org/10.5962/bhl.title.49380</span></span></span></p>
<p align="justify"><span style="color: #000000;"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, serif;"><span style="font-size: small;">Rambaut, A. (2016) FigTree v1. 4.3 2006–2016. Tree Figure Drawing Tool. Online publication. <em>Institute of Evolutionary Biology</em> University of Edinburgh. [https://vcru.wisc.edu/simonlab/bioinformatics/programs/figtree/README.txt]</span></span></span></p>
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