Abstract
A new Chinese truffle species, Tuber sinomacrosporum belongs to the Macrosporum group was illustrated and described, it is characterized by brownish-red ascoma, prosenchymatous peridium, dark brown gleba, 1(2) spored asci and large ellipsoid ascospores with 2–6 μm high reticulate-alveolate. Molecular analysis of the internal transcribed spacers (ITS) of the nuclear ribosomal DNA supports this species is distinct from the known species within the Macrosporum group. Phylogenetic relationships and morphological differences between this new species and its related species are discussed.
References
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<p align="justify"><span style="color: #000000;"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, serif;"><span style="font-size: small;">Vizzini, A. (2003) Il genere <em>Tuber</em>: la sua posizione nelle Pezizales (origine dei taxa ipogei nelle Pezizales).<em> Boll Gruppo Micol G. Bresadola</em> 46 (n.s.): 97–153.</span></span></span></p>
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<p align="justify"><span style="color: #000000;"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, serif;"><span style="font-size: small;">Wan, S.P., Wang, X.H., Zheng, Y. & Yu, F.Q. (2016) <em>Tuber shidianense</em> and <em>T. calosporum</em>, two new truffle species from southwest China. <em>Mycoscience</em> 57: 393–399. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.myc.2016.06.007</span></span></span></p>
<p align="justify"><span style="color: #000000;"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, serif;"><span style="font-size: small;">Wan, S.P., Liu, J.W., Huang, L.L., Qin, X.M., Liu, W. & Yu, F.Q. (2021) <em>Tuber qujingense</em> and <em>T. songlu</em>, two new species from yunnan, China. <em>Phytotaxa</em> 527 (4): 248–256. https://doi.org/10.11646/phytotaxa.527.4.2</span></span></span></p>
<p align="justify"><span style="color: #000000;"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, serif;"><span style="font-size: small;">Wang, Y. & Li, Z.P. (1991) A new species of <em>Tuber</em> from China. <em>Acta</em> <em>Mycologica Sinica</em> 10: 263–265. https://dx.doi.org/10.13346/ j.mycosystema.1991.04.002</span></span></span></p>
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<p align="justify"><span style="color: #000000;"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, serif;"><span style="font-size: small;">Albornoz, F.E., Dixon, K.W. & Lambers, H. (2020) Revisiting mycorrhizal dogmas: Are mycorrhizas really functioning as they are widely believed to do? <em>Soil Ecology Letters</em> 3: 73–82. https://doi.org/10.1007/s42832-020-0070-2</span></span></span></p>
<p align="justify"><span style="color: #000000;"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, serif;"><span style="font-size: small;">Bonito, G.M. & Smith, M.E. (2016) General systematic position of the truffles: evolutionary theories. <em>In</em>: Zambonelli, A., Iotti, M., Murat, C. (Eds.) <em>True truffle (Tuber spp.) in the world</em>. Soil Biology Series 47. Cham, Switzerland: Springer. pp. 3–18. https://doi.org/10.1007/978-3-319-31436-5_1</span></span></span></p>
<p align="justify"><span style="color: #000000;"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, serif;"><span style="font-size: small;">Bonito, G., Smith, M.E., Nowak, M., Healy, R.A., Guevara, G., Cazares, E., Kinoshita, A., Nouhra, E.R., Dominguez, L.S., Tedersoo, L., Murat, C., Wang, Y., Moreno, B.A., Pfister, D.H., Nara, K., Zambonelli, A., Trappe, J.M. & Vilgalys, R. (2013) Historical biogeography and diversification of truffles in the Tuberaceae and their newly identified southern hemisphere sister lineage. <em>PLoS One</em> 8: E52765. https://doi.org/10.1371/journal.pone.0052765</span></span></span></p>
<p align="justify"><span style="color: #000000;"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, serif;"><span style="font-size: small;">Bonito, G., Trappe, J.M., Rawlinson, P. & Vilgalys, R. (2010) Improved resolution of major clades within <em>Tuber</em> and taxonomy of species within the <em>Tuber gibbosum</em> complex. <em>Mycologia</em> 102: 1042–1057. https://doi.org/10.3852/09-213</span></span></span></p>
<p align="justify"><span style="color: #000000;"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, serif;"><span style="font-size: small;">Castellano, M.A., Trappe, J.M. & Luoma, D.L. (2004) Sequestrate fungi. <em>In</em>: Mueller, G.M., Bills, G.F. & Foster, M.S. (Eds.) <em>Biodiversity of Fungi</em>. Inventory and Monitoring Methods. Elsevier, Amsterdam, pp. 197–213. https://doi.org/10.1016/B978-012509551-8/50013-1</span></span></span></p>
<p align="justify"><span style="color: #000000;"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, serif;"><span style="font-size: small;">Fan, L., Cao, J.Z. & Yu, L. (2012) <em>Tuber microsphaerosporum</em> and <em>Paradoxa sinensis</em> spp. nov. <em>Mycotaxon</em> 120: 471–475. http://dx.doi.org/10.5248/120.471</span></span></span></p>
<p align="justify"><span style="color: #000000;"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, serif;"><span style="font-size: small;">Fan, L., Feng, S. & Cao, J.Z. (2014) The phylogenetic position of <em>Tuber glabrum</em> sp. nov. and <em>T. sinomonosporum</em> nom. nov., two <em>Paradoxa</em>-like trufflfle species from China. <em>Mycological Progress</em> 13: 241–246. https://doi.org/10.1007/s11557-013-0908-4</span></span></span></p>
<p align="justify"><span style="color: #000000;"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, serif;"><span style="font-size: small;">Fan, L., Li, T., Xu, Y.Y. & Yan, X.Y. (2022) Species diversity, phylogeny, endemism and geography of the truffle genus <em>Tuber </em>in China based on morphological and molecular data. <em>Persoonia</em> 48: 175–202. https://doi.org/10.3767/persoonia.2022.48.05</span></span></span></p>
<p align="justify"><span style="color: #000000;"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, serif;"><span style="font-size: small;">Gardes, M. & Bruns, T.D. (1993) ITS primers with enhanced specificity for basidiomycetes--application to the identification of mycorrhizae and rusts. <em>Molecular Ecology</em> 2: 113–118. https://doi.org/10.1111/j.1365-294X.1993.tb00005.x</span></span></span></p>
<p align="justify"><span style="color: #000000;"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, serif;"><span style="font-size: small;">Gilkey, H.M. (1920) Two new truffles. <em>Mycologia</em> 12: 99–101. https://doi.org/10.1080/00275514.1920.12016823</span></span></span></p>
<p align="justify"><span style="color: #000000;"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, serif;"><span style="font-size: small;">Gilkey, H.M. (1939) <em>Tuberales of North America</em>. Oregon State Monographs. Studies in Botany 1. pp. 1–63.</span></span></span></p>
<p align="justify"><span style="color: #000000;"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, serif;"><span style="font-size: small;">Guerin-Laguette, A. (2021) Successes and challenges in the sustainable cultivation of edible mycorrhizal fungi – furthering the dream. <em>Mycoscience</em> 62: 10–28. https://doi.org/10.47371/mycosci.2020.11.007</span></span></span></p>
<p align="justify"><span style="color: #000000;"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, serif;"><span style="font-size: small;">Hall, T.A. (1999) BioEdit: a user–friendly biological sequence alignment editor and analysis program for Windows 95/98/NT. <em>Nucleic Acids Symposium Series</em> 41: 95–98.</span></span></span></p>
<p align="justify"><span style="color: #000000;"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, serif;"><span style="font-size: small;">Jeandroz, S., Murat, C., Wang, Y., Bonfante, P. & Tacon, F.L. (2008) Molecular phylogeny and historical biogeography of the genus <em>Tuber</em>, the ‘true truffles’. <em>Journal of Biogeography</em> 35: 815–829. https://doi.org/10.1111/j.1365-2699.2007.01851.x</span></span></span></p>
<p align="justify"><span style="color: #000000;"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, serif;"><span style="font-size: small;">Katoh, K. & Standley, D.M. (2013) MAFFT multiple sequence alignment software version 7: improvements in performance and usability. <em>Molecular Biology and Evolution</em> 30: 772–780. https://doi.org/10.1093/molbev/mst010</span></span></span></p>
<p align="justify"><span style="color: #000000;"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, serif;"><span style="font-size: small;">Kinoshita, A., Sasaki, H. & Nara, K. (2011) Phylogeny and diversity of Japanese truffles (<em>Tuber</em> spp.) inferred from sequences of four nuclear loci. <em>Mycologia</em> 103: 779–794. https://doi.org/10.3852/10-138</span></span></span></p>
<p align="justify"><span style="color: #000000;"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, serif;"><span style="font-size: small;">Kinoshita, A., Sasaki, H., Orihara, T., Nakajima, M. & Nara, K. (2021) <em>Tuber iryudaense</em> and <em>T. tomentosum</em>: Two new truffles encased in tomentose mycelium from Japan. <em>Mycologia</em> 113: 653–663. https://doi.org/10.1080/00275514.2021.1875709</span></span></span></p>
<p align="justify"><span style="color: #000000;"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, serif;"><span style="font-size: small;">Mattirolo, O. (1935) Catalogo ragionato dei funghi ipogei raccolti nel Canton Ticino e nelle provincie Italiane confinanti. <em>Beiträge zur Kryptogamenflora der Schweiz</em> 8: 1–53.</span></span></span></p>
<p align="justify"><span style="color: #000000;"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, serif;"><span style="font-size: small;">Montecchi, A. & Sarasini, M. (2000) <em>Funghi Ipogei d’Europa</em>. Associazione Micologica Bresadola, Fondazione Centro Studi Micologici, Trento.</span></span></span></p>
<p align="justify"><span style="color: #000000;"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, serif;"><span style="font-size: small;">Nylander, J.A.A. (2004) MrModeltest 2.3. Program distributed by the author. Evolutionary biology center. Uppsala: Uppsala University.</span></span></span></p>
<p align="justify"><span style="color: #000000;"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, serif;"><span style="font-size: small;">Riousset, G., Riousset, L., Chevalier, G. & Bardet, M.C. (2001) <em>Truffle d’Europe et de Chine</em>. Paris, France: INRA. 181 pp.</span></span></span></p>
<p align="justify"><span style="color: #000000;"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, serif;"><span style="font-size: small;">Ronquist, F. & Huelsenbeck, J.P. (2003) MrBayes 3: Bayesian phylogenetic inference under mixed models. <em>Bioinformatics</em> 19: 1572–1574. https://doi.org/10.1093/bioinformatics/btg180</span></span></span></p>
<p align="justify"><span style="color: #000000;"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, serif;"><span style="font-size: small;">Stamatakis, A. (2006) RAxML-VI-HPC: maximum-likelihood-based phylogenetic analyses with thousands of taxa and mixed models. <em>Bioinformatics</em> 22: 2688–2690. https://doi.org/10.1093/bioinformatics/btl446</span></span></span></p>
<p align="justify"><span style="color: #000000;"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, serif;"><span style="font-size: small;">Vizzini, A. (2003) Il genere <em>Tuber</em>: la sua posizione nelle Pezizales (origine dei taxa ipogei nelle Pezizales).<em> Boll Gruppo Micol G. Bresadola</em> 46 (n.s.): 97–153.</span></span></span></p>
<p align="justify"><span style="color: #000000;"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, serif;"><span style="font-size: small;">Vittadini, C. (1831) <em>Monographia tuberacearum</em>. Milano, Italy: Ex Typographia F. Rusconi. 35 pp.</span></span></span></p>
<p align="justify"><span style="color: #000000;"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, serif;"><span style="font-size: small;">Wan, S.P., Wang, X.H., Zheng, Y. & Yu, F.Q. (2016) <em>Tuber shidianense</em> and <em>T. calosporum</em>, two new truffle species from southwest China. <em>Mycoscience</em> 57: 393–399. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.myc.2016.06.007</span></span></span></p>
<p align="justify"><span style="color: #000000;"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, serif;"><span style="font-size: small;">Wan, S.P., Liu, J.W., Huang, L.L., Qin, X.M., Liu, W. & Yu, F.Q. (2021) <em>Tuber qujingense</em> and <em>T. songlu</em>, two new species from yunnan, China. <em>Phytotaxa</em> 527 (4): 248–256. https://doi.org/10.11646/phytotaxa.527.4.2</span></span></span></p>
<p align="justify"><span style="color: #000000;"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, serif;"><span style="font-size: small;">Wang, Y. & Li, Z.P. (1991) A new species of <em>Tuber</em> from China. <em>Acta</em> <em>Mycologica Sinica</em> 10: 263–265. https://dx.doi.org/10.13346/ j.mycosystema.1991.04.002</span></span></span></p>
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