Abstract
An unknown species of the genus Sedum was discovered in Kawara-dake and Ryu-ga-hana, limestone mountains in Kyushu, Japan. The present study aimed to clarify the taxonomic status of the unknown Sedum species through morphological and ecological comparisons and molecular phylogenetic analysis using ITS sequences based on comprehensive taxon sampling of sect. Sedum in East Asia. Morphologically and ecologically, the unknown species was most similar to S. lipingense in China, but was distinguished by having larger spatulate rosulate leaves and more flowers per flowering stem. Phylogenetically, it belonged to a clade with four Chinese endemics including S. lipingense and two other species widely distributed in East Asia. The clade showed polytomy at the base, but the unknown species was genetically differentiated from the other species. Therefore, we describe the unknown species from Kawara-dake as a new species, S. kawaraense.
References
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<p align="justify"><span style="color: #000000;"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, serif;"><span style="font-size: small;">Darriba, D., Posada, D., Kozlov, A.M., Stamatakis, A., Morel, B. & Flouri, T. (2020) ModelTest-NG: a new and scalable tool for the selection of DNA and protein evolutionary models. Molecular Biology and Evolution 37 (1):291–294. https://doi.org/10.1093/molbev/msz189 </span></span></span>
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<p align="justify"><span style="color: #000000;"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, serif;"><span style="font-size: small;">Fu, K.T. & Rao, G.Y. (1988) zhong guo jing tian ya shu de xin fen lei qun he ba bao shu yi xin zu he. Acta Botanica Boreali-Occidentalia Sinica 8 (2): 116–124.</span></span></span>
<p align="justify"><span style="color: #000000;"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, serif;"><span style="font-size: small;">Hall, T.A. (1999) BioEdit: a user-friendly biological sequence alignment editor and analysis program for Windows 95/98/NT. Nucleic Acids Symposium Series 41: 95–98.</span></span></span>
<p align="justify"><span style="color: #000000;"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, serif;"><span style="font-size: small;">Hayata, B. (1913) Icones Plantarum Formosanarum nec non et Contributiones ad Floram Formosanam 3. The Bureau of Productive Industry, Government of Formosa, Taihoku, 222 pp. + 32 figs.</span></span></span>
<p align="justify"><span style="color: #000000;"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, serif;"><span style="font-size: small;">Hance, H.F. (1865) Descriptions of four new plants from southern China. Journal of Botany, British and Foreign 3: 378–381.</span></span></span>
<p align="justify"><span style="color: #000000;"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, serif;"><span style="font-size: small;">Ito, T., Chen, R., Yang, Q., Saito, Y., Yokota, M. & Kokubugata, G. (2014) Taxonomic reexamination of Sedum formosanum (Crassulaceae) in Japan, Taiwan, and the Philippines based on molecular data. Journal of Phytogeography and Taxonomy 62: l–9. </span></span></span>
<p align="justify"><span style="color: #000000;"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, serif;"><span style="font-size: small;">Ito, T., Yu, C.C., Nakamura, K., Chung, K.F., Yang, Q.E., Fu, C.X., Qi, Z.C. & Kokubugata, G. (2017a) Unique parallel radiations of high-mountainous species of the genus Sedum (Crassulaceae) on the continental island of Taiwan. Molecular Phylogenetics and Evolution 113: 9–22. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.ympev.2017.03.028</span></span></span>
<p align="justify"><span style="color: #000000;"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, serif;"><span style="font-size: small;">Ito, T., Nakanishi, H., Chichibu, Y., Minoda, K. & Kokubugata, G. (2017b) Sedum danjoense (Crassulaceae), a new species of succulent plants from the Danjo Islands in Japan. Phytotaxa 309 (1): 23–34. https://doi.org/10.11646/phytotaxa.309.1.2</span></span></span>
<p align="justify"><span style="color: #000000;"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, serif;"><span style="font-size: small;">Ito, T., Yu, C.C., Yokota, M. & Kokubugata, G. (2020a) Sedum formosanum subsp. miyakojimense (Crassulaceae), a new subspecies from Miyako-jima Island of the Ryukyu Islands, Japan. PhytoKeys 148: 51–70. https://doi.org/10.3897/phytokeys.148.48957</span></span></span>
<p align="justify"><span style="color: #000000;"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, serif;"><span style="font-size: small;">Ito, T., Goto, M., Nakano, H. & Kokubugata, G. (2020b) A new species of succulent plants from the Muko-jima group of the Bonin Islands, Japan: Sedum mukojimense (Crassulaceae). Phytotaxa 450 (2): 188–198. https://doi.org/10.11646/phytotaxa.450.2.4</span></span></span>
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<p align="justify"><span style="color: #000000;"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, serif;"><span style="font-size: small;">Katoh, K., Rozewicki, J. & Yamada, K.D. (2019) MAFFT online service: multiple sequence alignment, interactive sequence choice and visualization. Briefings in bioinformatics 20 (4): 1160–1166. https://doi.org/10.1093/bib/bbx108</span></span></span>
<p align="justify"><span style="color: #000000;"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, serif;"><span style="font-size: small;">Kozlov, A.M., Darriba, D., Flouri, T., Morel, B. & Stamatakis, A. (2019) RAxML-NG: a fast, scalable and user-friendly tool for maximum likelihood phylogenetic inference. Bioinformatics 35 (21): 4453–4455. https://doi.org/10.1093/bioinformatics/btz305</span></span></span>
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<p align="justify"><span style="color: #000000;"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, serif;"><span style="font-size: small;">Makino, T. (1891a) Illustrated flora of Japan I7. Keigyosya, Tokyo, 3 pp.</span></span></span>
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