A new species of succulent plant discovered in limestone areas of Kyushu, Japan: Sedum kawaraense (Crassulaceae)

TAKURO ITO; HIRONOBU KANEMITSU; TAISHI HOSON; TETSUKAZU YAHARA

doi:10.11646/phytotaxa.587.2.4

Issue: Vol. 587 No. 2: 14 March 2023

Type: Article

Published: 2023-03-14

DOI: 10.11646/phytotaxa.587.2.4

Page range: 149-160

Abstract views: 191

PDF downloaded: 6

**A new species of succulent plant discovered in limestone areas of Kyushu, Japan: Sedum kawaraense (Crassulaceae)**

TAKURO ITO⁺⁻
HIRONOBU KANEMITSU⁺⁻
TAISHI HOSON⁺⁻
TETSUKAZU YAHARA⁺⁻

Tohoku University Botanical Gardens, 12-2 Kawauchi, Aoba-ku, Sendai-shi, Miyagi, 980-0862 Japan.

IDEA Consultants, Inc., 1–5–12 Higashihama, Higashi-ku, Fukuoka-shi, Fukuoka 812-0055, Japan.

Department of Ecological Developmental Adaptability Life Sciences, Graduate School of Life Sciences, Tohoku University, 2-1-1 Katahira, Aoba-ku, Sendai-shi, Miyagi, Japan.

Kyushu Open University, 744 Motooka, Nishi-ku, Fukuoka-shi, 819-0395 Japan.

Crassulaceae East Asia ITS Karst Phylogeny Sedum Stonecrop Eudicots

Requires Subscription or Fee PDF (16MB)

Abstract

An unknown species of the genus Sedum was discovered in Kawara-dake and Ryu-ga-hana, limestone mountains in Kyushu, Japan. The present study aimed to clarify the taxonomic status of the unknown Sedum species through morphological and ecological comparisons and molecular phylogenetic analysis using ITS sequences based on comprehensive taxon sampling of sect. Sedum in East Asia. Morphologically and ecologically, the unknown species was most similar to S. lipingense in China, but was distinguished by having larger spatulate rosulate leaves and more flowers per flowering stem. Phylogenetically, it belonged to a clade with four Chinese endemics including S. lipingense and two other species widely distributed in East Asia. The clade showed polytomy at the base, but the unknown species was genetically differentiated from the other species. Therefore, we describe the unknown species from Kawara-dake as a new species, S. kawaraense.

References

Belote, R.T., Barnett, K., Dietz, M.S., Burkle, L., Jenkins, C.N., Dreiss, L., Aycrigg, J.L. & Aplet, G.H. (2021) Options for prioritizing sites for biodiversity conservation with implications for “30 by 30”. Biological Conservation 264: 109378. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.biocon.2021.109378
Carrillo-Reyes, P., Sosa, V. & Mort, M.E. (2009) Molecular phylogeny of the Acre clade (Crassulaceae): Dealing with the lack of definitions for Echeveria and Sedum. Molecular Phylogenetics and Evolution 53: 267–276. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.ympev.2009.05.022
Chung, K.F., Leong, W.C., Rubite, R.R., Repin, R., Kiew, R., Liu, Y. & Peng, C.I. (2014) Phylogenetic analyses of Begonia sect. Coelocentrum and allied limestone species of China shed light on the evolution of Sino-Vietnamese karst flora. Botanical Studies 55 (1): 1–15. https://doi.org/10.1186/1999-3110-55-1
Clements, R., Sodhi, N.S., Schilthuizen, M. & Ng, P.K. (2006) Limestone karsts of Southeast Asia: imperiled arks of biodiversity. Bioscience 56 (9): 733–742. https://doi.org/10.1641/0006-3568(2006)56[733:LKOSAI]2.0.CO;2
Darriba, D., Posada, D., Kozlov, A.M., Stamatakis, A., Morel, B. & Flouri, T. (2020) ModelTest-NG: a new and scalable tool for the selection of DNA and protein evolutionary models. Molecular Biology and Evolution 37 (1):291–294. https://doi.org/10.1093/molbev/msz189 
Fröderström, H. (1931) The genus Sedum L. A systematic essay. Acta Horti Gothoburgensis 6, appendix: 1–111.
Fu, S.H. (1965) Species et Combinationes Novae Crassulacearum Sinicarum. Acta Phytotaxonomica Sinica Additamentum 10: 111–128. 
Fu, K.T. & Ohba, H. (2001) Crassulaceae. In: Editorial Committee of Flora of China (ed.) Flora of China 8. Missouri Botanical Garden Press, St. Louis, pp. 244–401.
Fu, K.T. & Rao, G.Y. (1988) zhong guo jing tian ya shu de xin fen lei qun he ba bao shu yi xin zu he. Acta Botanica Boreali-Occidentalia Sinica 8 (2): 116–124.
Hall, T.A. (1999) BioEdit: a user-friendly biological sequence alignment editor and analysis program for Windows 95/98/NT. Nucleic Acids Symposium Series 41: 95–98.
Hayata, B. (1913) Icones Plantarum Formosanarum nec non et Contributiones ad Floram Formosanam 3. The Bureau of Productive Industry, Government of Formosa, Taihoku, 222 pp. + 32 figs.
Hance, H.F. (1865) Descriptions of four new plants from southern China. Journal of Botany, British and Foreign 3: 378–381.
Ito, T., Chen, R., Yang, Q., Saito, Y., Yokota, M. & Kokubugata, G. (2014) Taxonomic reexamination of Sedum formosanum (Crassulaceae) in Japan, Taiwan, and the Philippines based on molecular data. Journal of Phytogeography and Taxonomy 62: l–9. 
Ito, T., Yu, C.C., Nakamura, K., Chung, K.F., Yang, Q.E., Fu, C.X., Qi, Z.C. & Kokubugata, G. (2017a) Unique parallel radiations of high-mountainous species of the genus Sedum (Crassulaceae) on the continental island of Taiwan. Molecular Phylogenetics and Evolution 113: 9–22. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.ympev.2017.03.028
Ito, T., Nakanishi, H., Chichibu, Y., Minoda, K. & Kokubugata, G. (2017b) Sedum danjoense (Crassulaceae), a new species of succulent plants from the Danjo Islands in Japan. Phytotaxa 309 (1): 23–34. https://doi.org/10.11646/phytotaxa.309.1.2
Ito, T., Yu, C.C., Yokota, M. & Kokubugata, G. (2020a) Sedum formosanum subsp. miyakojimense (Crassulaceae), a new subspecies from Miyako-jima Island of the Ryukyu Islands, Japan. PhytoKeys 148: 51–70. https://doi.org/10.3897/phytokeys.148.48957
Ito, T., Goto, M., Nakano, H. & Kokubugata, G. (2020b) A new species of succulent plants from the Muko-jima group of the Bonin Islands, Japan: Sedum mukojimense (Crassulaceae). Phytotaxa 450 (2): 188–198. https://doi.org/10.11646/phytotaxa.450.2.4
IUCN (2022) The IUCN Red list of the threatened species, version 2022-1. Available from: http://www.iucnredlist.org (accessed: 22 July 2022).
Katoh, K., Rozewicki, J. & Yamada, K.D. (2019) MAFFT online service: multiple sequence alignment, interactive sequence choice and visualization. Briefings in bioinformatics 20 (4): 1160–1166. https://doi.org/10.1093/bib/bbx108
Kozlov, A.M., Darriba, D., Flouri, T., Morel, B. & Stamatakis, A. (2019) RAxML-NG: a fast, scalable and user-friendly tool for maximum likelihood phylogenetic inference. Bioinformatics 35 (21): 4453–4455. https://doi.org/10.1093/bioinformatics/btz305
Kumagae, N. (2016) Natural history of Kawara-dake. kaichosha, Fukuoka, 231 pp. [in Japanese]
Linnaeus, C. (1753) Species Plantarum 1. Laurentii Salvii, Holmiae, 560 pp.
Makino, T. (1891a) Illustrated flora of Japan I7. Keigyosya, Tokyo, 3 pp.
Makino, T. (1891b) Illustrated flora of Japan I10. Keigyosya, Tokyo, 2 pp.
Maximowicz, C. (1888) Diagnoses des plantes nouvelles asiatiques. VII. Bulletin de l’Académie Impériale des Sciences de Saint-Pétersbourg xxxii: 477–629.
Mayuzumi, S. & Ohba, H. (2004) The phylogenetic position of Eastern Asian SeDOI: deae (Crassulaceae) inferred from chloroplast and nuclear DNA sequences. Systematic Botany 29: 587–598. https://doi.org/10.1600/0363644041744329
Messerschmid, T.F., Klein, J.T., Kadereit, G. & Kadereit, J.W. (2020) Linnaeus’s folly–phylogeny, evolution and classification of Sedum (Crassulaceae) and Crassulaceae subfamily Sempervivoideae. Taxon 69 (5): 892–926. https://doi.org/10.1002/tax.12316
Migo, H. (1937) Notes on the flora of south-eastern China. (Section III). The Journal of the Shanghai Science Institute 3: 221–228.
Miquel, F.A.G. (1866) Prolusio florae Iaponicae. Annales Musei botanici lugduno-batavi 2: 69–212.
Mort, M.E., Soltis, D.E., Soltis, P.S., Francisco-Ortega, J. & Santos-Guerra, A. (2002) Phylogenetics and evolution of the Macaronesian clade of Crassulaceae inferred from nuclear and chloroplast sequence data. Systematic Botany 27: 271–288. 
Murray, M.G. & Thompson, W.F. (1980) Rapid isolation of high molecular weight plant DNA. Nucleic Acids Research 8: 4321–4325. https://doi.org/10.1002/tax.12316
Nakamura, K., Chung, S.W., Kono, Y., Ho, M.J., Hsu, T.C. & Peng, C.I. (2014) Ixeridium calcicola (Compositae), a new limestone endemic from Taiwan, with notes on its atypical basic chromosome number, phylogenetic affinities, and a limestone refugium hypothesis. PloS one 9 (10): e109797. https://doi.org/10.1002/tax.12316
Nylander, J.A.A. (2004) MrModeltest ver2. Distributed by the author. Evolutionary Biology Centre, Uppsala University.
Ohba, H. (2001) Crassulaceae. In: Iwatsuki, K., Boufford, D.E. & Ohba, H. (eds.) Flora of Japan 2b. Kodansha, Tokyo, pp. 21–29.
Praeger, R.Li. (1919) On species of Sedum collected in China by L. H. Bailey in 1917. In Proceedings of the Royal Irish Academy 35 B (1): 1–8, + 3 plates.
Rambaut, A. (2018) FigTree v1.4.4. Available from: http://tree.bio.ed.ac.uk/software/figtree/ (accessed 22 July 2022)
Ronquist, F. & Huelsenbeck, J.P. (2003) MrBayes 3: Bayesian phylogenetic inference under mixed models. Bioinformatics 19: 1572–1574. https://doi.org/10.1093/bioinformatics/btg180
Stephenson, R. (1994) Sedum. cultivated stonecrops. Timber Press, Portland, Oregon, 355 pp. 
Tang, W.S. & Huang, T.C. (1993) Crassulaceae. In: Huang, T.C. (eds.) Flora of Taiwan vol. 3. Department of Botany, National Taiwan University, Taipei, pp. 15–34.
Thiede, J. & Eggli, U. (2007) Crassulaceae. In: Kubitzki, K. (ed.) The Families and Genera of Vascular Plants vol. 9. Springer, Berlin Heidelberg, pp. 83–118. https://doi.org/10.1093/bioinformatics/btg180
Thompson, J.D., Higgins, D.G. & Gibson, T.J. (1994) CLUSTAL W: improving the sensitivity of progressive multiple sequence alignment through sequence weighting, position specific gap penalties and weight matrix choice. Nucleic Acids Research 22: 4673−4680. https://doi.org/10.1093/nar/22.22.4673
Wang, J., Ai, B., Kong, H. & Kang, M. (2017) Speciation history of a species complex of Primulina eburnea (Gesneriaceae) from limestone karsts of southern China, a biodiversity hot spot. Evolutionary applications 10 (9): 919–934. https://doi.org/10.1111/eva.12495
Webb, P.B. & Berthelot, S. (1836–1841) Histoire naturelle des Îles Canaries. Tome troisième. Deuxième partie. Phytographia canariensis. Sectio I. Bethune, Paris, 220 pp. https://doi.org/10.5962/bhl.title.60795
White, T.J., Bruns, T., Lee, S. & Taylor, J. (1990) Amplification and direct sequencing of fungal ribosomal RNA genes for phylogenetics. In: Innis, M.A., Gelfand, D.H., Sninsky, J.J. & White, T.J. (eds.) In PCR Protocols, A Guide to Methods and Applications. Academic Press, San Diego, pp. 315–322. https://doi.org/10.1016/B978-0-12-372180-8.50042-1
Zhang, R.B., Deng, T., Dou, Q.L., He, L., Lv, X.Y. & Jiang, H. (2019) Sedum lipingense (Crassulaceae) identifying a new stonecrop species in SE Guizhou, China, based on morphological and molecular evidence. PhytoKeys 134: 125–133. https://doi.org/10.3897/phytokeys.134.38287
Zou, C.Y., Meng, S.Y., Lu, Z.C. & Liu, Y. (2020) Sedum nanlingense (Crassulaceae), a new species from Guangxi, China. Phytotaxa 447 (3): 176–184. https://doi.org/10.11646/phytotaxa.447.3.3