Abstract
In order to contribute to the knowledge of Coprinopsis in Southern Brazil, specimens were collected in the Atlantic Forest and Pampa Biomes. Morphological studies and phylogenetic analyses (Maximum Likelihood and Bayesian Inference) of the nucITS, nucLSU, TEF1 and β-tubulin were performed to describe new species and their evolutionary relations. Five Coprinopsis species were found. The molecular and morphological data supported the description of three new species and a new combination in the genus. Detailed descriptions, illustrations of their macro- and microscopic characteristics and a key to identify Coprinopsis species in Brazil are provided.
References
Aime, M.C. & Phillips-Mora, W. (2005) The causal agents of witches’ broom and frosty pod rot of cacao (chocolate, Theobroma cacao) form a new lineage of Marasmiaceae. Mycologia 97: 1012–1022. https://doi.org/10.3852/mycologia.97.5.1012
Alves, M.H. & Cavalcanti, M.A.Q. (1996) Coprinaceae en el campus de la Universidad Federal de Pernambuco (Recife, PE, Brasil). Boletín Micológico 11: 33–40. https://doi.org/10.22370/bolmicol.1996.11.0.1002
Asef, M., Khosravi, V. & Naeimi, S. (2015) First report of Coprinopsis urticicola from Iran. Mycologia Iranica 2: 141.
Badalyan, S.M., Navarro-González, M. & Kües, U. (2011) Taxonomic significance of anamorphic characteristics in the life cycle of coprinoid mushrooms. Proceedings of the 7th International Conference on Mushroom Biology and Mushroom Products (ICMBMP7). Arcachon, France, pp. 140–154.
Bogart, F. van (1976) The genus Coprinus in western North America, part I: Section Coprinus. Mycotaxon 4 (1): 233–275.
Bogart, F. van (1979) The genus Coprinus in western North America, part II: Section Lanatuli. Mycotaxon 8 (1): 243–291.
Brodie, H.J. (1930) The oidia of Coprinus lagopus and their relation with insects. University of Manitoba, Winnipeg, Canada. https://doi.org/10.1093/oxfordjournals.aob.a090278
Calaça, F.J.S. & Xavier-Santos, S. (2012) Fezes de herbívoros: um microcosmo inexplorado da diversidade fúngica. Heringeriana 6: 52–55. https://doi.org/10.17648/heringeriana.v6i1.37
Darriba, D., Taboada, G.L., Doallo, R. & Posada, D. (2012) jModelTest 2: more models, new heuristics and parallel computing. Nature Methods 9: 772. https://doi.org/10.1038/nmeth.2109
Dennis, R.W.G. (1961) Fungi venezuelani: IV. Agaricales. Kew Bulletin 15 (1): 67–156. https://doi.org/10.2307/4115784
Dentinger, B.T., Margaritescu, S. & Moncalvo, J.M. (2010) Rapid and reliable high-throughput methods of DNA extraction for use in barcoding and molecular systematics of mushrooms. Molecular Ecology Resources 10 (4): 628–633. https://doi.org/10.1111/j.1755-0998.2009.02825.x
Doveri, F., Granito, V.M. & Lunghini, D. (2005). Nuovi ritrovamenti di Coprinus s.l. fimicoli in Italia = New findings of fimicolous Coprinus s.l. in Italy. Revista Iberoamericana de Micología 48 (4): 319–340.
Doyle, J.J & Doyle, J.L. (1987) A rapid isolation procedure for small quantities of fresh tissue. Phytochemical Bulletim 19: 11–15.
Drechsler-Santos, E.R., Pastorini, L.H. & Putzke, J. (2007) Primeiro relato de fungos Agaricales em fragmento de mata nativa em Frederico Westphalen - RS. Revista Brasileira de Biociências 5: 471–473.
Fukiharu, T., Shimizu, K., Utsunomiya, H., Raut, J.K., Goto, R., Okomoto, T., Kato, M., Horigome, R., Furuki, T. & Kinjo, N. (2014) Coprinopsis asiaticiphlyctidospora sp. nov., an agaric ammonia fungus from Amami and Okinawa, southern Japan. Mycoscience 55: 355–360. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.myc.2013.12.002
Fukiharu, T., Shimizu, K., Nakajima, A., Miyamoto, T., Raut, J.K. & Kinjo, N. (2015) Coprinopsis igarashii sp. nov., a coprophilous agaric fungus from Hokkaido, northern Japan. Mycoscience 56: 413–418. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.myc.2014.12.005
Gardes, M. & Bruns, T.D. (1993) ITS primers with enhanced specificity for basidiomycetes—application to the identification of mycorrhizae and rusts. Molecular Ecology 2: 113–118. https://doi.org/10.1111/j.1365-294X.1993.tb00005.x
Gierczyk, B., Rodriguez-Flakus, P., Pietras, M., Gryc, M., Czerniawski, W. & Piatek, M. (2017) Coprinopsis rugosomagnispora: a distinct new coprinoid species from Poland (Central Europe). Plant Systematics and Evolution 303: 915–925. https://doi.org/10.1007/s00606-017-1418-7
Gminder, A. (2010) Die Großpilze Baden-Württembergs, 5. Stuttgart, Ulmer, 671 pp.
Góes-Neto, A., Loguercio-Leite, C. & Guerrero, R.T. (2005) DNA extraction from frozen field-collected and dehydrated herbarium fungal basidiomata: performance of SDS and CTAB-based methods. Biotemas 18 (2): 19–32. https://doi.org/10.5007/%25x
Házi, J., Nagy, L.G, Vágvölgyi, C. & Papp, T. (2011) Coprinellus radicellus, a new species with northern distribution. Mycological Progress 10: 363–371. https://doi.org/10.1007/s11557-010-0709-y
Hernández-Garay, M.A. & Monter-SanAgustín, N. (2013) Implantación a Microescala para Determinar las Características Fisiológicas de Hongos Miceliales y Levaduras en el Laboratorio de Microbiología General II de la Carrera de QFB de la FES Zaragoza. Universidad Nacional Autónoma de México.
Hopple, J.S. & Vilgalys, R. (1999) Phylogenetic relationships in the mushroom genus Coprinus and dark-spored allies based on sequence data from the nuclear gene coding for the large ribosomal subunit RNA: divergent domains, outgroups, and monophyly. Molecular Phylogenetics and Evolution 13: 1–19. https://doi.org/10.1006/mpev.1999.0634
Karsten, P.A. (1879). Bidrag till Kännedom af Finlands Natur och Folk. Helsingfors 32: 28.
Karsten, P.A. (1881). Hymenomycetes fennici. Acta Societatis Pro Fauna et Flora Fennica 2 (1): 27.
Katoh, K. & Standley, D.M. (2013) MAFFT. Multiple sequence alignment software 7: improvements in performance and usability. Molecular Biology and Evolution 30: 772–780. https://doi.org/10.1093/molbev/mst010
Kauffman, C.H. (1918) The agaricaceae of Michigan, vol I. Michigan geological and biological survey 26 (5), Mich, W.H. Crawford, state printers, Lansing, 928 pp. https://doi.org/10.5962/bhl.title.58545
Keirle, M.R., Hemmes, D.E. & Desjardin, D.E. (2004) Agaricales of the Hawaiian Islands. 8. Agaricaceae: Coprinus and Podaxis; Psathyrellaceae: Coprinopsis, Coprinellus and Parasola. Fungal Diversity 8: 33–124.
Kearse, M., Moir, R., Wilson, A., Stones-Havas, S., Cheung, M., Sturrock, S., Buxton, S., Cooper, A., Markowitz, S., Duran, C., Thierer, T., Ashton, B., Meintjes, P. & Drummond, A. (2012) Geneious Basic: an integrated and extendable desktop software platform for the organization and analysis of sequence data. Bioinformatics 28: 1647?1649. https://doi.org/10.1093/bioinformatics/bts199
Kornerup, A. & Wanscher, J.H. (1978) Methuen Handbook of Colour, 3rd ed. Eyre Methuen.
Largent, D.L. (1987) How to Identify Mushrooms to Genus I: Macroscopic Features. Mad River Press.
Largent, D.L., Johnson, D. & Watling, R. (1977) How to Identify Mushrooms to Genus III: Microscopic Features. Mad River Press.
Larsson, A. (2014) AliView: a fast and lightweight alignment viewer and editor for large data sets. Bioinformatics 30 (22): 3276–3278. https://doi.org/10.1093/bioinformatics/btu531
Meijer, A.A.R. de (2008) Macrofungos notáveis das Florestas de Pinheiro-do-Paraná. Embrapa Florestas.
Meijer, A.A.R. de (2010) Preliminary list of the macromycetes from the Brazilian state of Paraná: corrections and updating. Boletim do Museu Botânico Municipal de Curitiba 72: 01–09.
Melzer, A., Ferisin, G. & Dovana, F. (2016) Coprinopsis aesontiensis, a new species found in Friuli Venezia Giulia, Italy. Micologia e Vegetazione Mediterranea 31 (2): 123–132.
Melo, R.F.R., Chikowski, R.S., Miller, A.N. & Maia, L.C. (2016) Coprophilous Agaricales (Agaricomycetes, Basidiomycota) from Brazil. Phytotaxa 266 (1): 1–14. https://doi.org/10.11646/phytotaxa.266.1.1
Miller, M.A., Pfeiffer, W. & Schwartz, T. (2010) Creating the CIPRES science gateway for inference of large phylogenetic trees. Proceedings of the Gateway Computing Environments Workshop (GCE). New Orleans, Louisiana, pp. 1?8. https://doi.org/10.1109/GCE.2010.5676129
Moncalvo, J.M., Vilgalys, R., Redhead, S.A., Johnson, J.E., James, T.Y., Aime, C.M, Hofstetter, V., Verduin, S.J., Larsson, E., Baroni, T.J., Thorn, G.R., Jacobsson, S., Clémençon, H. & Miller, O.K.Jr. (2002) One hundred and seventeen clades of euagarics. Molecular Phylogenetics and Evolution 23: 357–400. https://doi.org/10.1016/S1055-7903(02)00027-1
Nagy, L.G., Vágvölgyi, C. & Tamás, C. (2010) Type studies and nomenclatural revisions in Parasola (Psathyrellaceae) and related taxa. Mycotaxon 112: 103–141. https://doi.org/10.5248/112.103
Nagy, L.G., Walther, G., Házi, J., Vágvölgyi, C. & Papp, T. (2011) Understanding the Evolutionary Processes of Fungal Fruiting Bodies: Correlated Evolution and Divergence Times in the Psathyrellaceae. Systematic Biology 60 (3): 303–317. https://doi.org/10.1093/sysbio/syr005
Nagy, L.G., Desjardin, D.E., Vágvölgyi, C., Kemp, R. & Papp, T. (2013) Phylogenetic analyses of Coprinopsis sections Lanatuli and Atramentarii identify multiple species within morphologically defined taxa. Mycologia 105 (1): 112–124.
Örstadius, L., Ryberg, M. & Larsson, E. (2015) Molecular phylogenetics and taxonomy in Psathyrellaceae (Agaricales) with focus on psathyrelloid species: introduction of three new genera and 18 new species. Mycological Progress 14: 1–42. https://doi.org/10.1007/s11557-015-1047-x
Orton, P.D. (1972) Notes on British Agarics: IV. In Notes from Royal Botani c Gerden, p. 135.
Pattengale, N.D., Alipour, M., Bininda-Emonds, O.R., Moret, B.M. & Stamatakis, A. (2010) How many bootstrap replicates are necessary? Journal of Computational Biology 17: 337?354. https://doi.org/10.1089/cmb.2009.0179
Peay, K.G., Bidartondo, M.I. & Arnold, A.E. (2010) Not every fungus is everywhere: scaling to the biogeography of fungal-plant interactions across roots, shoots and ecosystems. New Phytologist 185: 878?882. https://doi.org/10.1111/j.1469-8137.2009.03158.x
Pegler, D.N. (1983) Agaric flora of the Lesser Antilles. Kew Bulletin Add.
Pegler, D.N. (1997) The Agarics of São Paulo, Brazil. Royal Botanical Gardens, Kew, 68 pp.
Persoon, C.H. (1797) Tentamen dispositionis methodice Fungorum. Lipsiae 62 pp.
Picón, R.M. (2002) Coprinus lotinae. Una nueva especie saprobia sobre Eucalyptus en el litoral cantábrico. Sociedad Micológica de Portugalete-Portugaleteko Mikologia Elkartea Apdo, 92.
Picón, R.M. (2011) Coprinopsis lotinae (Picon) Picon, comb. nov. (Psathyrellaceae). Zizak 7: 43–45.
Polak, E., Aebi, M. & Kües, U. (2001) Morphological variations in oidium formation in the basidiomycete Coprinus cinereus. Mycological Research 105: 603–610. https://doi.org/10.1017/S0953756201003756
Rao, G., Dai, D., Zhao, H., Liang, Y., Li, Y. & Zhang, B. (2021) Two new psathyrelloid species of Coprinopsis (Agaricales, Psathyrellaceae) from China. MycoKeys 83: 85–103. https://doi.org/10.3897/mycokeys.83.71405
Raut, J.K., Fukiharu, T., Shimizu, K, Kawamoto, S., Takeshige, S., Tanaka, C., Yamanaka, T. & Suzuki, A. (2015) Coprinopsis novorugosobispora (Basidiomycota, Agaricales), an ammonia fungus new to Canada. Mycosphere 6 (5): 612?619. https://doi.org/10.5943/mycosphere/6/5/10
Redhead, S.A., Vilgalys, R., Moncalvo, J.M., Johnson, J. & Hopple, J.S. (2001) Coprinus Pers. and the disposition of Coprinus species sensu lato. Taxon 50: 203?241. https://doi.org/10.2307/1224525
Rehner, S. & Buckley, E. (2005) A Beauveria phylogeny inferred from nuclear ITS and EF1-?? sequences: Evidence for cryptic diversification and links to Cordyceps teleomorphs. Mycologia 97 (1): 84?98. https://doi.org/10.3852/mycologia.97.1.84
Renuka, S. & Ramanujam, B. (2016) Fungal endophytes from maize (Zea mays L.): isolation, identification and screening against maize stem borer, Chilo partellus (Swinhoe). Journal of Pure and Applied Microbiology 10 (1): 523?529.
Richardson, M.J. (2001) Coprophilous fungi from Brazil. Brazilian Archives of Biology and Technology 44 (3): 283?289. https://doi.org/10.1590/S1516-89132001000300010
Rick, J. (1961) Basidiomycetes Eubasidii in Rio Grande do Sul – Brasilia. Iheringia 8: 296–450.
Ronquist, F., Teslenko, M., Mark, P., Ayres, D.L., Darling, A., Höhna, S., Larget, B., Liu, L., Suchard, M.A. & Huelsenbeck, J.P. (2012) MrBayes 3.2: efficient Bayesian phylogenetic inference and model choice across a large model space. Systematic Biology 61: 539?542. https://doi.org/10.1093/sysbio/sys029
Sambrook, J., Fritsch, E.F. & Maniatis, T. (1989) Molecular cloning: a laboratory manual (No. Ed. 2). Cold Spring Harbor Laboratory Press.
Singer, R. (1973) Diagnoses fungorum novorum Agaricalium III. Beih. Sydowia 7:1?106.
Schafer, D.J. (2010) Keys to sections of Parasola, Coprinellus, Coprinopsis and Coprinus in Britain. Field Mycology 11 (2): 44?51. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.fldmyc.2010.04.006
Stamatakis, A. (2014) RAxML version 8: a tool for phylogenetic analysis and post-analysis of large phylogenies. Bioinformatics 30: 1312–1313. https://doi.org/10.1093/bioinformatics/btu033
Sobestiansky, G. (2005) Contribution to a macromycete survey of the states of Rio Grande do Sul and Santa Catarina in Brazil. Brazilian Archives of Biology and Technology 48: 437–457. https://doi.org/10.1590/S1516-89132005000300015
Syamsia, S., Idhan, A., Patappari, A., Noerfitryani, N., Rahmi, R. & Rahim, I. (2019). Molecular Identification of Endophytic Fungi from Local Rice and Growth Test on Several Types of Culture Media. International Journal of Agriculture System 7 (2): 89?99. https://doi.org/10.20956/ijas.v7i2.2031
Tibpromma, S., Hyde, K.D., Jeewon, R., Maharachchikumbura, S.S.N., Liu, J.-K., Bhat, D.J., Jones, E.B.G., McKenzie, E.H.C., Camporesi, E., Bulgakov, T.S., Doilom, M., de Azevedo Santiago, A.L.C.M., Das, K., Manimohan, P., Gibertoni, T.B., Lim, Y.W., Ekanayaka, A.H., Thongbai, B., Lee, H.B., Yang, J.-B., Kirk, P.M., Sysouphanthong, P., Singh, S.K., Boonmee, S., Dong, W., Anil Raj, K.N., Latha, K.P.D., Phookamsak, R., Phukhamsakda, C., Konta, S., Jayasiri, S.C., Norphanphoun, C., Tennakoon, D.S., Li, J., Dayarathne, M.C., Perera, R.H., Xiao, Y., Wanasinghe, D.N., Senanayake, I.C., Goonasekara, I.D., de Silva, N.I., Mapook, A., Jayawardena, R.S., Dissanayake, A.J., Manawasinghe, I.S., Chethana, K.W.T., Luo, Z.-L., Hapuarachchi, K.K., Baghela, A., Soares, A.M., Vizzini, A., Meiras-Ottoni, A., Meši?, A., Dutta, A.K., de Souza, C.A.F., Richter, C., Lin, C.-G., Chakrabarty, D., Daranagama, D.A., Lima, D.X., Chakraborty, D., Ercole, E., Wu, F., Simonini, G., Vasquez, G., da Silva, G.A., Plautz Jr., H.L., Ariyawansa, H.A., Lee, H., Kušan, I., Song, J., Sun, J., Karmakar, J., Hu, K., Semwal, K.C., Thambugala, K.M., Voigt, K., Acharya, K., Rajeshkumar, K.C., Ryvarden, L., Jadan, M., Hosen, Md.I., Mikšík, M., Samarakoon, M.C., Wijayawardene, N.N., Kim, N.K., Mato?ec, N., Singh, P.N., Tian, Q., Bhatt, R.P., de Oliveira, R.J.V., Tulloss, R.E., Aamir, S., Kaewchai, S., Marathe, S.D., Khan, S., Hongsanan, S., Adhikari, S., Mehmood, T., Bandyopadhyay, T.K., Svetasheva, T.Yu., Nguyen, T.Th.Th., Antonín, V., Li, W.-J., Wang, Y., Indoliya, Y., Tkal?ec, Z., Elgorban, A.M., Bahkali, A.H., Tang, A.M.C., Su, H.-Y., Zhang, H., Promputtha, I., Luangsa-ard, J., Xu, J., Yan, J., Kang J.-C., Stadler, M., Mortimer, P.E., Chomnunti, P., Zhao, Q., Phillips, A.J.L., Nontachaiyapoom, S., Wen, T.-Ch. & Karunarathna, S.C. (2017) Fungal diversity notes 491–602: taxonomic and phylogenetic contributions to fungal taxa. Fungal Diversity 83: 1–261. https://doi.org/10.1007/s13225-017-0378-0
Thaler, M.T., Al-Wahsh, A., Meuser, A., Rooks, A. & Qumsiyeh, M. (2020) Macrofungi from the Hebron and Jerusalem Hills of Palestine. https://doi.org/10.5248/135.231
Thon, M.R. & Royse, D.J. (1999) Partial beta-tubulin gene sequences for evolutionary studies in the Basidiomycotina. Mycologia 91: 468–474. https://doi.org/10.1080/00275514.1999.12061040
Wächter, D. & Melzer, A. (2020) Proposal for a subdivision of the family Psathyrellaceae based on a taxon-rich phylogenetic analysis with iterative multigene guide tree. Mycological Progress 19: 1151?1265. https://doi.org/10.1007/s11557-020-01606-3
Uljé, C.B. (2005) Coprinus. Flora Agaricina Neerlandica 6: 22–109.
Vilgalys, R. & Hester, M. (1990) Rapid genetic identification and mapping of enzymatically amplified ribosomal DNA from several Cryptococcus species. Journal of Bacteriology 172: 4238?4246. https://doi.org/10.1128/jb.172.8.4238-4246.1990
White T.J., Bruns, T., Lee, S. & Taylor, J. (1990) Amplification and direct sequencing of fungal ribosomal RNA genes for phylogenetics. In: Innis, M.A., Gelfand, D.H., Sninsky, J.J. & White, T.J. (Eds.) PCR Protocols: a guide to methods and applications. Academic Press, Inc., New York, pp. 315–322. https://doi.org/10.1016/B978-0-12-372180-8.50042-1
Yoon, K.S. (2004) Electron and Light Microscopic Studies on the Development of Oidia from Somatic Mycelium of Coprinus cinereus. Mycobiology 32: 164. https://doi.org/10.4489/MYCO.2004.32.4.164
Alves, M.H. & Cavalcanti, M.A.Q. (1996) Coprinaceae en el campus de la Universidad Federal de Pernambuco (Recife, PE, Brasil). Boletín Micológico 11: 33–40. https://doi.org/10.22370/bolmicol.1996.11.0.1002
Asef, M., Khosravi, V. & Naeimi, S. (2015) First report of Coprinopsis urticicola from Iran. Mycologia Iranica 2: 141.
Badalyan, S.M., Navarro-González, M. & Kües, U. (2011) Taxonomic significance of anamorphic characteristics in the life cycle of coprinoid mushrooms. Proceedings of the 7th International Conference on Mushroom Biology and Mushroom Products (ICMBMP7). Arcachon, France, pp. 140–154.
Bogart, F. van (1976) The genus Coprinus in western North America, part I: Section Coprinus. Mycotaxon 4 (1): 233–275.
Bogart, F. van (1979) The genus Coprinus in western North America, part II: Section Lanatuli. Mycotaxon 8 (1): 243–291.
Brodie, H.J. (1930) The oidia of Coprinus lagopus and their relation with insects. University of Manitoba, Winnipeg, Canada. https://doi.org/10.1093/oxfordjournals.aob.a090278
Calaça, F.J.S. & Xavier-Santos, S. (2012) Fezes de herbívoros: um microcosmo inexplorado da diversidade fúngica. Heringeriana 6: 52–55. https://doi.org/10.17648/heringeriana.v6i1.37
Darriba, D., Taboada, G.L., Doallo, R. & Posada, D. (2012) jModelTest 2: more models, new heuristics and parallel computing. Nature Methods 9: 772. https://doi.org/10.1038/nmeth.2109
Dennis, R.W.G. (1961) Fungi venezuelani: IV. Agaricales. Kew Bulletin 15 (1): 67–156. https://doi.org/10.2307/4115784
Dentinger, B.T., Margaritescu, S. & Moncalvo, J.M. (2010) Rapid and reliable high-throughput methods of DNA extraction for use in barcoding and molecular systematics of mushrooms. Molecular Ecology Resources 10 (4): 628–633. https://doi.org/10.1111/j.1755-0998.2009.02825.x
Doveri, F., Granito, V.M. & Lunghini, D. (2005). Nuovi ritrovamenti di Coprinus s.l. fimicoli in Italia = New findings of fimicolous Coprinus s.l. in Italy. Revista Iberoamericana de Micología 48 (4): 319–340.
Doyle, J.J & Doyle, J.L. (1987) A rapid isolation procedure for small quantities of fresh tissue. Phytochemical Bulletim 19: 11–15.
Drechsler-Santos, E.R., Pastorini, L.H. & Putzke, J. (2007) Primeiro relato de fungos Agaricales em fragmento de mata nativa em Frederico Westphalen - RS. Revista Brasileira de Biociências 5: 471–473.
Fukiharu, T., Shimizu, K., Utsunomiya, H., Raut, J.K., Goto, R., Okomoto, T., Kato, M., Horigome, R., Furuki, T. & Kinjo, N. (2014) Coprinopsis asiaticiphlyctidospora sp. nov., an agaric ammonia fungus from Amami and Okinawa, southern Japan. Mycoscience 55: 355–360. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.myc.2013.12.002
Fukiharu, T., Shimizu, K., Nakajima, A., Miyamoto, T., Raut, J.K. & Kinjo, N. (2015) Coprinopsis igarashii sp. nov., a coprophilous agaric fungus from Hokkaido, northern Japan. Mycoscience 56: 413–418. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.myc.2014.12.005
Gardes, M. & Bruns, T.D. (1993) ITS primers with enhanced specificity for basidiomycetes—application to the identification of mycorrhizae and rusts. Molecular Ecology 2: 113–118. https://doi.org/10.1111/j.1365-294X.1993.tb00005.x
Gierczyk, B., Rodriguez-Flakus, P., Pietras, M., Gryc, M., Czerniawski, W. & Piatek, M. (2017) Coprinopsis rugosomagnispora: a distinct new coprinoid species from Poland (Central Europe). Plant Systematics and Evolution 303: 915–925. https://doi.org/10.1007/s00606-017-1418-7
Gminder, A. (2010) Die Großpilze Baden-Württembergs, 5. Stuttgart, Ulmer, 671 pp.
Góes-Neto, A., Loguercio-Leite, C. & Guerrero, R.T. (2005) DNA extraction from frozen field-collected and dehydrated herbarium fungal basidiomata: performance of SDS and CTAB-based methods. Biotemas 18 (2): 19–32. https://doi.org/10.5007/%25x
Házi, J., Nagy, L.G, Vágvölgyi, C. & Papp, T. (2011) Coprinellus radicellus, a new species with northern distribution. Mycological Progress 10: 363–371. https://doi.org/10.1007/s11557-010-0709-y
Hernández-Garay, M.A. & Monter-SanAgustín, N. (2013) Implantación a Microescala para Determinar las Características Fisiológicas de Hongos Miceliales y Levaduras en el Laboratorio de Microbiología General II de la Carrera de QFB de la FES Zaragoza. Universidad Nacional Autónoma de México.
Hopple, J.S. & Vilgalys, R. (1999) Phylogenetic relationships in the mushroom genus Coprinus and dark-spored allies based on sequence data from the nuclear gene coding for the large ribosomal subunit RNA: divergent domains, outgroups, and monophyly. Molecular Phylogenetics and Evolution 13: 1–19. https://doi.org/10.1006/mpev.1999.0634
Karsten, P.A. (1879). Bidrag till Kännedom af Finlands Natur och Folk. Helsingfors 32: 28.
Karsten, P.A. (1881). Hymenomycetes fennici. Acta Societatis Pro Fauna et Flora Fennica 2 (1): 27.
Katoh, K. & Standley, D.M. (2013) MAFFT. Multiple sequence alignment software 7: improvements in performance and usability. Molecular Biology and Evolution 30: 772–780. https://doi.org/10.1093/molbev/mst010
Kauffman, C.H. (1918) The agaricaceae of Michigan, vol I. Michigan geological and biological survey 26 (5), Mich, W.H. Crawford, state printers, Lansing, 928 pp. https://doi.org/10.5962/bhl.title.58545
Keirle, M.R., Hemmes, D.E. & Desjardin, D.E. (2004) Agaricales of the Hawaiian Islands. 8. Agaricaceae: Coprinus and Podaxis; Psathyrellaceae: Coprinopsis, Coprinellus and Parasola. Fungal Diversity 8: 33–124.
Kearse, M., Moir, R., Wilson, A., Stones-Havas, S., Cheung, M., Sturrock, S., Buxton, S., Cooper, A., Markowitz, S., Duran, C., Thierer, T., Ashton, B., Meintjes, P. & Drummond, A. (2012) Geneious Basic: an integrated and extendable desktop software platform for the organization and analysis of sequence data. Bioinformatics 28: 1647?1649. https://doi.org/10.1093/bioinformatics/bts199
Kornerup, A. & Wanscher, J.H. (1978) Methuen Handbook of Colour, 3rd ed. Eyre Methuen.
Largent, D.L. (1987) How to Identify Mushrooms to Genus I: Macroscopic Features. Mad River Press.
Largent, D.L., Johnson, D. & Watling, R. (1977) How to Identify Mushrooms to Genus III: Microscopic Features. Mad River Press.
Larsson, A. (2014) AliView: a fast and lightweight alignment viewer and editor for large data sets. Bioinformatics 30 (22): 3276–3278. https://doi.org/10.1093/bioinformatics/btu531
Meijer, A.A.R. de (2008) Macrofungos notáveis das Florestas de Pinheiro-do-Paraná. Embrapa Florestas.
Meijer, A.A.R. de (2010) Preliminary list of the macromycetes from the Brazilian state of Paraná: corrections and updating. Boletim do Museu Botânico Municipal de Curitiba 72: 01–09.
Melzer, A., Ferisin, G. & Dovana, F. (2016) Coprinopsis aesontiensis, a new species found in Friuli Venezia Giulia, Italy. Micologia e Vegetazione Mediterranea 31 (2): 123–132.
Melo, R.F.R., Chikowski, R.S., Miller, A.N. & Maia, L.C. (2016) Coprophilous Agaricales (Agaricomycetes, Basidiomycota) from Brazil. Phytotaxa 266 (1): 1–14. https://doi.org/10.11646/phytotaxa.266.1.1
Miller, M.A., Pfeiffer, W. & Schwartz, T. (2010) Creating the CIPRES science gateway for inference of large phylogenetic trees. Proceedings of the Gateway Computing Environments Workshop (GCE). New Orleans, Louisiana, pp. 1?8. https://doi.org/10.1109/GCE.2010.5676129
Moncalvo, J.M., Vilgalys, R., Redhead, S.A., Johnson, J.E., James, T.Y., Aime, C.M, Hofstetter, V., Verduin, S.J., Larsson, E., Baroni, T.J., Thorn, G.R., Jacobsson, S., Clémençon, H. & Miller, O.K.Jr. (2002) One hundred and seventeen clades of euagarics. Molecular Phylogenetics and Evolution 23: 357–400. https://doi.org/10.1016/S1055-7903(02)00027-1
Nagy, L.G., Vágvölgyi, C. & Tamás, C. (2010) Type studies and nomenclatural revisions in Parasola (Psathyrellaceae) and related taxa. Mycotaxon 112: 103–141. https://doi.org/10.5248/112.103
Nagy, L.G., Walther, G., Házi, J., Vágvölgyi, C. & Papp, T. (2011) Understanding the Evolutionary Processes of Fungal Fruiting Bodies: Correlated Evolution and Divergence Times in the Psathyrellaceae. Systematic Biology 60 (3): 303–317. https://doi.org/10.1093/sysbio/syr005
Nagy, L.G., Desjardin, D.E., Vágvölgyi, C., Kemp, R. & Papp, T. (2013) Phylogenetic analyses of Coprinopsis sections Lanatuli and Atramentarii identify multiple species within morphologically defined taxa. Mycologia 105 (1): 112–124.
Örstadius, L., Ryberg, M. & Larsson, E. (2015) Molecular phylogenetics and taxonomy in Psathyrellaceae (Agaricales) with focus on psathyrelloid species: introduction of three new genera and 18 new species. Mycological Progress 14: 1–42. https://doi.org/10.1007/s11557-015-1047-x
Orton, P.D. (1972) Notes on British Agarics: IV. In Notes from Royal Botani c Gerden, p. 135.
Pattengale, N.D., Alipour, M., Bininda-Emonds, O.R., Moret, B.M. & Stamatakis, A. (2010) How many bootstrap replicates are necessary? Journal of Computational Biology 17: 337?354. https://doi.org/10.1089/cmb.2009.0179
Peay, K.G., Bidartondo, M.I. & Arnold, A.E. (2010) Not every fungus is everywhere: scaling to the biogeography of fungal-plant interactions across roots, shoots and ecosystems. New Phytologist 185: 878?882. https://doi.org/10.1111/j.1469-8137.2009.03158.x
Pegler, D.N. (1983) Agaric flora of the Lesser Antilles. Kew Bulletin Add.
Pegler, D.N. (1997) The Agarics of São Paulo, Brazil. Royal Botanical Gardens, Kew, 68 pp.
Persoon, C.H. (1797) Tentamen dispositionis methodice Fungorum. Lipsiae 62 pp.
Picón, R.M. (2002) Coprinus lotinae. Una nueva especie saprobia sobre Eucalyptus en el litoral cantábrico. Sociedad Micológica de Portugalete-Portugaleteko Mikologia Elkartea Apdo, 92.
Picón, R.M. (2011) Coprinopsis lotinae (Picon) Picon, comb. nov. (Psathyrellaceae). Zizak 7: 43–45.
Polak, E., Aebi, M. & Kües, U. (2001) Morphological variations in oidium formation in the basidiomycete Coprinus cinereus. Mycological Research 105: 603–610. https://doi.org/10.1017/S0953756201003756
Rao, G., Dai, D., Zhao, H., Liang, Y., Li, Y. & Zhang, B. (2021) Two new psathyrelloid species of Coprinopsis (Agaricales, Psathyrellaceae) from China. MycoKeys 83: 85–103. https://doi.org/10.3897/mycokeys.83.71405
Raut, J.K., Fukiharu, T., Shimizu, K, Kawamoto, S., Takeshige, S., Tanaka, C., Yamanaka, T. & Suzuki, A. (2015) Coprinopsis novorugosobispora (Basidiomycota, Agaricales), an ammonia fungus new to Canada. Mycosphere 6 (5): 612?619. https://doi.org/10.5943/mycosphere/6/5/10
Redhead, S.A., Vilgalys, R., Moncalvo, J.M., Johnson, J. & Hopple, J.S. (2001) Coprinus Pers. and the disposition of Coprinus species sensu lato. Taxon 50: 203?241. https://doi.org/10.2307/1224525
Rehner, S. & Buckley, E. (2005) A Beauveria phylogeny inferred from nuclear ITS and EF1-?? sequences: Evidence for cryptic diversification and links to Cordyceps teleomorphs. Mycologia 97 (1): 84?98. https://doi.org/10.3852/mycologia.97.1.84
Renuka, S. & Ramanujam, B. (2016) Fungal endophytes from maize (Zea mays L.): isolation, identification and screening against maize stem borer, Chilo partellus (Swinhoe). Journal of Pure and Applied Microbiology 10 (1): 523?529.
Richardson, M.J. (2001) Coprophilous fungi from Brazil. Brazilian Archives of Biology and Technology 44 (3): 283?289. https://doi.org/10.1590/S1516-89132001000300010
Rick, J. (1961) Basidiomycetes Eubasidii in Rio Grande do Sul – Brasilia. Iheringia 8: 296–450.
Ronquist, F., Teslenko, M., Mark, P., Ayres, D.L., Darling, A., Höhna, S., Larget, B., Liu, L., Suchard, M.A. & Huelsenbeck, J.P. (2012) MrBayes 3.2: efficient Bayesian phylogenetic inference and model choice across a large model space. Systematic Biology 61: 539?542. https://doi.org/10.1093/sysbio/sys029
Sambrook, J., Fritsch, E.F. & Maniatis, T. (1989) Molecular cloning: a laboratory manual (No. Ed. 2). Cold Spring Harbor Laboratory Press.
Singer, R. (1973) Diagnoses fungorum novorum Agaricalium III. Beih. Sydowia 7:1?106.
Schafer, D.J. (2010) Keys to sections of Parasola, Coprinellus, Coprinopsis and Coprinus in Britain. Field Mycology 11 (2): 44?51. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.fldmyc.2010.04.006
Stamatakis, A. (2014) RAxML version 8: a tool for phylogenetic analysis and post-analysis of large phylogenies. Bioinformatics 30: 1312–1313. https://doi.org/10.1093/bioinformatics/btu033
Sobestiansky, G. (2005) Contribution to a macromycete survey of the states of Rio Grande do Sul and Santa Catarina in Brazil. Brazilian Archives of Biology and Technology 48: 437–457. https://doi.org/10.1590/S1516-89132005000300015
Syamsia, S., Idhan, A., Patappari, A., Noerfitryani, N., Rahmi, R. & Rahim, I. (2019). Molecular Identification of Endophytic Fungi from Local Rice and Growth Test on Several Types of Culture Media. International Journal of Agriculture System 7 (2): 89?99. https://doi.org/10.20956/ijas.v7i2.2031
Tibpromma, S., Hyde, K.D., Jeewon, R., Maharachchikumbura, S.S.N., Liu, J.-K., Bhat, D.J., Jones, E.B.G., McKenzie, E.H.C., Camporesi, E., Bulgakov, T.S., Doilom, M., de Azevedo Santiago, A.L.C.M., Das, K., Manimohan, P., Gibertoni, T.B., Lim, Y.W., Ekanayaka, A.H., Thongbai, B., Lee, H.B., Yang, J.-B., Kirk, P.M., Sysouphanthong, P., Singh, S.K., Boonmee, S., Dong, W., Anil Raj, K.N., Latha, K.P.D., Phookamsak, R., Phukhamsakda, C., Konta, S., Jayasiri, S.C., Norphanphoun, C., Tennakoon, D.S., Li, J., Dayarathne, M.C., Perera, R.H., Xiao, Y., Wanasinghe, D.N., Senanayake, I.C., Goonasekara, I.D., de Silva, N.I., Mapook, A., Jayawardena, R.S., Dissanayake, A.J., Manawasinghe, I.S., Chethana, K.W.T., Luo, Z.-L., Hapuarachchi, K.K., Baghela, A., Soares, A.M., Vizzini, A., Meiras-Ottoni, A., Meši?, A., Dutta, A.K., de Souza, C.A.F., Richter, C., Lin, C.-G., Chakrabarty, D., Daranagama, D.A., Lima, D.X., Chakraborty, D., Ercole, E., Wu, F., Simonini, G., Vasquez, G., da Silva, G.A., Plautz Jr., H.L., Ariyawansa, H.A., Lee, H., Kušan, I., Song, J., Sun, J., Karmakar, J., Hu, K., Semwal, K.C., Thambugala, K.M., Voigt, K., Acharya, K., Rajeshkumar, K.C., Ryvarden, L., Jadan, M., Hosen, Md.I., Mikšík, M., Samarakoon, M.C., Wijayawardene, N.N., Kim, N.K., Mato?ec, N., Singh, P.N., Tian, Q., Bhatt, R.P., de Oliveira, R.J.V., Tulloss, R.E., Aamir, S., Kaewchai, S., Marathe, S.D., Khan, S., Hongsanan, S., Adhikari, S., Mehmood, T., Bandyopadhyay, T.K., Svetasheva, T.Yu., Nguyen, T.Th.Th., Antonín, V., Li, W.-J., Wang, Y., Indoliya, Y., Tkal?ec, Z., Elgorban, A.M., Bahkali, A.H., Tang, A.M.C., Su, H.-Y., Zhang, H., Promputtha, I., Luangsa-ard, J., Xu, J., Yan, J., Kang J.-C., Stadler, M., Mortimer, P.E., Chomnunti, P., Zhao, Q., Phillips, A.J.L., Nontachaiyapoom, S., Wen, T.-Ch. & Karunarathna, S.C. (2017) Fungal diversity notes 491–602: taxonomic and phylogenetic contributions to fungal taxa. Fungal Diversity 83: 1–261. https://doi.org/10.1007/s13225-017-0378-0
Thaler, M.T., Al-Wahsh, A., Meuser, A., Rooks, A. & Qumsiyeh, M. (2020) Macrofungi from the Hebron and Jerusalem Hills of Palestine. https://doi.org/10.5248/135.231
Thon, M.R. & Royse, D.J. (1999) Partial beta-tubulin gene sequences for evolutionary studies in the Basidiomycotina. Mycologia 91: 468–474. https://doi.org/10.1080/00275514.1999.12061040
Wächter, D. & Melzer, A. (2020) Proposal for a subdivision of the family Psathyrellaceae based on a taxon-rich phylogenetic analysis with iterative multigene guide tree. Mycological Progress 19: 1151?1265. https://doi.org/10.1007/s11557-020-01606-3
Uljé, C.B. (2005) Coprinus. Flora Agaricina Neerlandica 6: 22–109.
Vilgalys, R. & Hester, M. (1990) Rapid genetic identification and mapping of enzymatically amplified ribosomal DNA from several Cryptococcus species. Journal of Bacteriology 172: 4238?4246. https://doi.org/10.1128/jb.172.8.4238-4246.1990
White T.J., Bruns, T., Lee, S. & Taylor, J. (1990) Amplification and direct sequencing of fungal ribosomal RNA genes for phylogenetics. In: Innis, M.A., Gelfand, D.H., Sninsky, J.J. & White, T.J. (Eds.) PCR Protocols: a guide to methods and applications. Academic Press, Inc., New York, pp. 315–322. https://doi.org/10.1016/B978-0-12-372180-8.50042-1
Yoon, K.S. (2004) Electron and Light Microscopic Studies on the Development of Oidia from Somatic Mycelium of Coprinus cinereus. Mycobiology 32: 164. https://doi.org/10.4489/MYCO.2004.32.4.164