Abstract
We present here a taxonomic treatment of Croton sect. Lasiogyne occurring in Brazil. This study is based on field collections and analyses of more than 1,300 specimens held in 47 herbaria. Eleven species are recorded in Brazil, occurring in almost all phytogeographic domains (except the Pampa). Six species of those species are endemic to that country (Croton blanchetianus, C. claussenianus, C. compressus, C. jacobinensis, C. limae, and C. suassunae). The total absence of extrafloral nectaries and reduplicate-valvate sepals, or valvate sepals, are proposed here as morphological characteristics for the recognition of Brazilian species of the section Lasiogyne. The main characters used to differentiate the species are: branching pattern, stipule shape, venation, trichome type, shape of the sepals of the pistillate flower, shape and number of ramifications of the style, capsule shape, and seed surface texture. Croton macrocalyx is excluded here from this section and positioned in C. sect. Barhamia.
References
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<p>Berry, P.E., Hipp, A.L., Wurdack, K.J., van Ee, B. & Riina, R. (2005) Molecular phylogenetics of the giant genus <em>Croton</em> and tribe Crotoneae (Euphorbiaceae sensu stricto) using ITS and trnL-trnF DNA sequence data. <em>American Journal of Botany</em> 92: 1520–1534. https://doi.org/10.3732/ajb.92.9.1520</p>
<p>Berry, P.E., Kainulainen, K., van Ee, B.W. (2017) A Nomenclator of <em>Croton</em> (Euphorbiaceae) in Madagascar, the Comoros Archipelago, and the Mascarene Islands. <em>PhytoKeys</em> 90: 1–87. https://doi.org/10.3897/phytokeys.90.20586</p>
<p>BFG – The Brazil Flora Group (2021) Brazilian Flora 2020: Leveraging the power of a collaborative scientific network. <em>Taxon</em> 71 (1): 178–198. https://doi.org/10.1002/tax.12640</p>
<p>Carneiro-Torres, D.S. (2009) <em>Diversidade de </em>Croton<em> L. (Euphorbiaceae) no bioma Caatinga</em>. Tese de Doutorado. Universidade Estadual de Feira de Santana. Feira de Santana, Bahia, Brasil.</p>
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<p>Caruzo, M.B.R., Secco, R.S., Medeiros, D., Riina, R., Torres, D.S.C., Santos, R.F.D., Pereira, A.P.N., Rossine, Y., Lima, L.R., Muniz Filho, E. & Valduga, E. (2020) <em>Croton</em> in Flora e Funga do Brasil. Jardim Botânico do Rio de Janeiro. Available from: https://floradobrasil.jbrj.gov.br/FB17497 (accessed 10 May 2022)</p>
<p>Croizat, L. (1944) Additions to the genus <em>Croton</em> L. in South America. <em>Darwiniana</em> 6: 442–468.</p>
<p>Frodin, D.G. (2004) History and concepts of big plant genera. <em>Taxon</em> 53 (3): 753–776. https://doi.org/10.2307/4135449</p>
<p>Gomes, A.P.S. (2006) Revisão das espécies sul-americanas de <em>Croton</em> L. subgen. <em>Croton</em> sect. <em>Argyroglossum</em> Baill. (Crotonoideae - Euphorbiaceae). Tese de Doutorado. Universidade Federal Rural de Pernambuco, 156 pp.</p>
<p>Gomes, A.P.S., Sales, M.F. & Melo, A.L. (2010a) Novidades taxonômicas em <em>Croton</em> sect. <em>Argyroglossum</em> Baill. e <em>C</em>. sect. <em>Lasiogyne</em> Klotzsch (Crotonoideae-Euphorbiaceae). <em>Acta Botanica Brasilica</em> 24: 905–908. http://dx.doi.org/10.1590/S0102-33062010000400004</p>
<p>Gomes, A.P.S., Sales, M.F. & Berry, P.E. (2010b) <em>Croton limae</em> (Euphorbiaceae), a new species of section <em>Argyroglossum</em> from northeastern Brazil. <em>Brittonia</em> 62: 206–209. https://doi.org/10.1007/s12228-010-9127-3</p>
<p>Gomes, A.P.S., Melo, A.L., Bezerra, Y.R.L., Athiê-Souza, S.M., Loiola, M.I.B. & Sales, M.F. (2018) Tricomas foliares em sete espécies de <em>Croton</em> sect. <em>Lasiogyne</em> (Klotzsch) Baill. ocorrentes no Brasil (Euphorbiaceae). <em>Revista Nordestina de Biologia</em> 26 (1): 151–160. https://doi.org/10.22478/ufpb.2236-1480.2018v26n1.46183.</p>
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<p>Grisebach, A.H.R. (1859) <em>Flora of the British West Indian Islands</em>. L. Reeve, London, 96 pp.</p>
<p>Humboldt, A.V., Bonpland, A.J.A. & Kunth, C.S. (1817) <em>Nova Genera et Species Plantarum</em> 2. Sumtibus Librariae Graeco-Latino-Germanico, Lutetiae Parisiorum [Paris], 401 pp.</p>
<p>IBGE—Instituto Brasileiro de Geografia e Estatística (2012) <em>Manual Técnico da Vegetação Brasileira.</em> 2nd ed. Instituto Brasileiro de Geografia e Estatística, Rio de Janeiro, 272 pp.</p>
<p>IUCN (2001) Guidelines for using the IUCN red list categories and criteria. Version 11. Gland, Switzerland and Cambridge, U. K.: Standards and Petitions Subcommittee of the IUCN Species Survival Commission. Available from: http://www.iucnredlist.org/documents/RedListGuidelines.pdf (accessed January 2021)</p>
<p>Johnston, J.R. (1905) New plants from the Islands of Margarita and Coche, Venezuela. <em>Proceedings of the American Academy of Arts and Sciences</em> 40: 681–698.</p>
<p>Klotzsch, J.F. (1841) Die Crotoneae der Flora von Nord-Amerika. <em>Archiv für Naturgeschichte</em> 7: 250–255.</p>
<p>Klotzsch, J.F. (1843a) Euphorbiaceae. Beitrage zur Botanik Gesammelt auf eine reise um die erde. <em>Novorum Actorum</em> <em>Academiae Caesareae Leopoldino-Carolinae Naturae Curiosum </em>19 (Suppl. 1): 418–421.</p>
<p>Klotzsch, J.F. (1843b) Euphorbiaceae. <em>In</em>: Bentham, G. Contributions towards a Flora of South America—Enumeration of Plants Collected by Mr. Schomburgk, in British Guiana. <em>London Journal of Botany</em> 2: 42–52.</p>
<p>Kuntze, C.E.O. (1891) <em>Revisio Generum Plantarum 2</em>. Arthur Felix, Leipzig, pp. 375–1011.</p>
<p>Lamarck, J.B.A.P.M. (1786) <em>Encyclopedie Methodique Botanique</em> 2. Chez Pankoucke, Paris, 774 pp.</p>
<p>Linnaeus, C. (1753) <em>Species Plantarum</em>. Laurentius Salvius, Stockholm, 1200 pp.</p>
<p>Lucena, M.F.A. & Sales, M.F. (2006) Tricomas foliares em espécies de <em>Croton</em> L. (Crotonoideae-Euphorbiaceae). <em>Rodriguésia</em> v. 57 (1): 11–25. https://doi.org/10.1590/2175-7860200657102</p>
<p>Luján, M., León, Y. & Riina, R. (2015) Synopsis of <em>Croton</em> (Euphobiaceae) in the Andes of Mérida, Venezuela. <em>Caldasia</em> 37 (1): 73–90. https://doi.org/10.15446/caldasia/v37n1.50815</p>
<p>Martius, C.F.P. (1837) Herbarium Florae Brasiliensis. <em>Flora (Jena)</em> 20 (2): 73–128.</p>
<p>Müller Argoviensis, J. (1865) Euphorbiaceae. Vorläufige Mittheilungen aus dem für De Candolle’s Prodromus bestimmten Manuscript über diese Familie. <em>Linnaea</em> 34: 1–224.</p>
<p>Müller Argoviensis, J. (1866) Euphorbiaceae excl. Euphorbieae. <em>In</em>: Candolle, A.L.P.P. de (Ed.) <em>Prodromus Systematis Naturalis Regni Vegetabilis</em> 15(2). Masson, Paris, pp. 511–1260.</p>
<p>Müller Argoviensis, J. (1873) Euphorbiaceae<em>.</em> <em>In:</em> Martius, C.F.P. von & Eichler, A.W. (Eds.) <em>Flora brasiliensis </em>vol. 11 (2). F. Fleischer, Wien & Leipzig, 751 pp.</p>
<p>Oliveira, A.S., Senna, L.M., Pena, E.M. & Alves, M.V.S. (1989) Euphorbiaceae Juss.—Espécies ocorrentes nas restingas do estado do Rio de Janeiro, Brasil. <em>Acta Botanica Brasilica</em> 3: 131–139. https://doi.org/10.1590/S0102-33061989000300013</p>
<p>Pax, F. (1897) Euphorbiaceae. <em>In</em>: Engler, H.G.A. & Prantl, K.A.E. (Eds.) <em>Die natürlichen Pflanzenfamilien, Nachtrag und Register zu Teil II–IV</em>. Engelmann, Leipzig, 380 pp.</p>
<p>QGIS Development Team (2020) QGiS Geographic information System. Open Source Geospatial Foundation Project. Available from: https://qgis.org/en/site/ (accessed January 2021)</p>
<p>Radcliffe-Smith, A. & Govaerts, R.H.A. (1997) New names and combinations in the Crotonoideae. <em>Kew Bulletin</em> 52: 183–189. https://doi.org/10.2307/4117851</p>
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