Abstract
A new species, Leucoagaricus purpurascens, collected from a subtropical region in China, is described based on morphological and molecular data. Leucoagaricus purpurascens is characterized by its small basidiomata with purple discolouration when dried, the pileus with distinct umbo, the amygdaliform, ellipsoidal to oblong basidiospores, and the absence of cheilocystidia. A detailed morphological description, line drawings, colour photographs, and a phylogenetic tree showing the phylogenetic placement of the new species are provided.
References
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<p>Ge, Z.W. (2010) <em>Leucoagaricus orientiflavus</em>, a new yellow lepiotoid species from southwestern China. <em>Mycotaxon </em>111: 121–126. https://doi.org/10.5248/111.121</p>
<p>Ge, Z.W., Liang, J.F. & Yang, Z.L. (2019) <em>Leucoagaricus</em>. <em>In: </em>Yang, Z.L., Ge, Z.W. & Liang, J.F. (Eds.) <em>Flora Fungorum Sinicorum vol. 52 Fungi Lepiotoidei (Agaricaceae)</em>. Beijing, Science Press, pp. 128–166.</p>
<p>Ge, Z.-W., Yang, Z.L., Qasim, T., Nawaz, R., Khalid, A.N. & Vellinga, E.C. (2015) Four new species in <em>Leucoagaricus </em>(Agaricaceae, Basidiomycota) from Asia. <em>Mycologia</em> 107 (5): 1033–1044. https://doi.org/10.3852/14-351</p>
<p>Forin, N., Tatti, A., Vizzini, A., Coppola, A. & Migliozzi, V. (2022) <em>Leucoagaricus cupresseoides</em> (Agaricaceae), a new species in sect. <em>Piloselli</em> and <em>L</em>. <em>aurantiovergens</em> and <em>L</em>. <em>pseudopilatianus</em> redescribed from Italy. <em>Phytotaxa</em> 536 (2): 126–140. https://doi.org/10.11646/phytotaxa.536.2.2</p>
<p>Hall, T.A. (1999) BioEdit: a user-friendly biological sequence alignment editor and analysis program for Windows 95/98/NT. <em>Nucleic Acids Symposium Series</em> 41: 95–98.</p>
<p>Johnson, J. (1999) Phylogenetic relationships within <em>Lepiota </em>sensu lato based on morphological and molecular data. <em>Mycologia</em> 91 (3): 443–458. https://doi.org/10.1080/00275514.1999.12061038</p>
<p>Justo, A., Angelini, C. & Bizzi, A. (2021) The genera <em>Leucoagaricus </em>and <em>Leucocoprinus </em>in the Dominican Republic. <em>Mycologia</em> 113 (2): 348–389. https://doi.org/10.1080/00275514.2020.1819142</p>
<p> </p>
<p>Katoh, K. & Standley, D.M. (2013) MAFFT multiple sequence alignment software version 7: improvements in performance and usability. <em>Molecular Biology & Evolution</em> 30 (4): 772–780. https://doi.org/10.1093/molbev/mst010</p>
<p>Kornerup, A. & Wanscher, J.H. (1978) <em>Methuen Handbook of Colour, 3rd ed</em>. London, Methuen, 243 pp.</p>
<p>Liang, J.F., Xu, J. & Yang, Z.L. (2009) Divergence, dispersal and recombination in <em>Lepiota cristata</em> from China. <em>Fungal Diversity</em> 38 (10): 105–124.</p>
<p>Liang, J.F., Yang, Z.L., Xu, J.P. & Ge, Z.W. (2010) Two new unusual <em>Leucoagaricus </em>species (Agaricaceae) from tropical China with blue-green staining reactions. <em>Mycologia</em> 102 (5): 1141–1152. https://doi.org/10.3852/09-021</p>
<p>Ma, Y.R., Liu, T., Yu, X., Wei, T. & Ge, Z.-W. (2022) Six New Species of <em>Leucoagaricus</em> (Agaricaceae) from Northeastern China. <em>Diversity</em> 14 (5): 314. https://doi.org/10.3390/d14050314</p>
<p>Muñoz, G., Caballero, A., Marco, C. & Vizzini, A. (2012) A new <em>Leucoagaricus</em> species of section <em>Piloselli</em> (Agaricales, Agaricaceae) from Spain. <em>IMA fungus</em> 3 (2): 117–123. https://doi.org/10.5598/imafungus.2012.03.02.03</p>
<p>Nylander, J.A.A. (2004) MrModeltest v2. Program distributed by the author. <em>Evolutionary Biology Centre, Uppsala University:</em> 2.</p>
<p>Ortiz, A., Franco-Molano, A.E. & Jr, M.B. (2008) A new species of <em>Leucoagaricus</em> (Agaricaceae) from Colombia. <em>Mycotaxon</em> 106 (5): 371–378.</p>
<p>Rambaut, A. (2018) FigTree Version 1.4.4. Available from: http://tree.bio.ed.ac.uk/publications/ (accessed 11 June 2022)</p>
<p>Retnowati, A. (2015) <em>Lepiota viriditincta</em> (Berk. &Broome) Sacc.: a species from Bali with grey-green colour changing when dried. <em>Floribunda</em> 5 (3): 111–113.</p>
<p>Ronquist, F. & Huelsenbeck, J.P. (2003) MrBayes 3: Bayesian phylogenetic inference under mixed models. <em>Bioinformatics</em> 19 (12): 1572–1574. https://doi.org/10.1093/bioinformatics/btg180</p>
<p>Singer, R. (1948) Diagnoses fungorum novorum agaricalium. <em>Sydowia</em> 2: 35–36.</p>
<p>Singer, R. (1986) <em>The Agaricales in modern taxonomy</em>, 4th ed. Germamy, Koeltz Scientific Books, 981 pp.</p>
<p>Smith, S.A. & Dunn, C.W. (2008) Phyutility: a phyloinformatics tool for trees, alignments and molecular data. <em>Bioinformatics</em> 24 (5): 715–716. https://doi.org/10.1093/bioinformatics/btm619</p>
<p>Stamatakis, A., Hoover, P. & Rougemont, J. (2008) A rapid bootstrap algorithm for the RAxML web servers. <em>Systematic Biology</em> 57 (5): 758–771. https://doi.org/10.1080/10635150802429642</p>
<p>Vellinga, E.C. (2000) Notes on <em>Lepiota</em> and <em>Leucoagaricus</em>. Type studies on <em>Lepiota magnispora</em>, <em>Lepiota barssii</em>, and <em>Agaricus americanus</em>. <em>Mycotaxon</em> 76: 429–438.</p>
<p>Vellinga, E.C. (2001) <em>Leucoagaricus</em>. <em>In</em>: Noordeloos, M.E., Kuyper, Th.W. & Vellinga, E.C. (Eds.) <em>Lisse Flora Agaricina Neerlandica</em>. the Netherlands, A.A. Balkema Publishers, pp. 85–108.</p>
<p>Vellinga, E.C. (2004) Genera in the family Agaricaceae: evidence from nrITS and nrLSU sequences. <em>Mycological Research</em> 108 (4): 354–377. https://doi.org/10.1017/S0953756204009700</p>
<p>Vellinga, E.C. (2006) Lepiotaceous fungi in California, USA 3. Pink and lilac species in <em>Leucoagaricus</em> sect. <em>Piloselli</em>. <em>Mycotaxon </em>98: 213–224.</p>
<p>Vellinga, E.C. (2007) Lepiotaceous fungi in California, USA 5. <em>Lepiota oculata</em> and its look-alikes. <em>Mycotaxon</em> 102: 267–280.</p>
<p>Vellinga, E.C., Kok, R. & Bruns, T.D. (2003) Phylogeny and taxonomy of <em>Macrolepiota </em>(Agaricaceae). <em>Mycologia</em> 95 (3): 442–456. https://doi.org/10.1080/15572536.2004.11833089</p>
<p>Vellinga, E.C., Sysouphanthong, P. & Hyde, K.D. (2011) The family Agaricaceae: phylogenies and two new white-spored genera. <em>Mycologia</em> 103 (3): 494–509. https://doi.org/10.3852/10-204</p>
<p>Vilgalys, R. & Hester, M. (1990) Rapid genetic identification and mapping of enzymatically amplified ribosomal DNA from several <em>Cryptococcus </em>species. <em>Journal of Bacteriology</em> 172 (8): 4238–4246. https://doi.org/10.1128/jb.172.8.4238-4246.1990</p>
<p>White, T.J., Bruns, T.D., Lee, S.H. & Taylor, J.W. (1990) Amplification and direct sequencing of fungal ribosomal RNA genes for phylogenetics <em>In: PCR protocols, a guide to methods and applications</em>. San Diego, Academic Press, pp. 315–322. https://doi.org/10.1016/B978-0-12-372180-8.50042-1</p>
<p>Yang, Z.L. (2007) Type studies on <em>Chamaeota</em> species described from China. <em>Mycotaxon </em>100: 279–287.</p>
<p>Yang, Z.L. & Ge, Z.-W. (2017) Six new combinations of lepiotaceous fungi from China. <em>Mycosystema</em> 36: 542–551.</p>
<p>Yu, F., Liang, J.F., Ge, Z.-W. & Li, Y.K. (2016) Morphological and molecular evidence for a new species of <em>Leucoagaricus </em>from China. <em>Sydowia</em> 68: 41–47.</p>
<p>Yuan, Y., Li, Y.K. & Liang, J.F. (2014) <em>Leucoagaricus tangerinus</em>, a new species with drops from Southern China. <em>Mycological Progress</em> 13: 893–898. https://doi.org/10.1007/s11557-014-0974-2</p>
<p>Callac, P. & Guinberteau, C.J. (2005) Morphological and molecular characterization of two novel species of <em>Agaricus </em>section <em>Xanthodermatei</em>. <em>Mycologia</em> 97 (2): 416–424. https://doi.org/10.1080/15572536.2006.11832817</p>
<p>Doyle, J.J. & Doyle, J.L. (1987) A rapid DNA isolation procedure for small quantities of fresh leaf tissue. <em>Phytochemical bulletin</em> 19 (1): 11–15.</p>
<p>Ge, Z.W. (2010) <em>Leucoagaricus orientiflavus</em>, a new yellow lepiotoid species from southwestern China. <em>Mycotaxon </em>111: 121–126. https://doi.org/10.5248/111.121</p>
<p>Ge, Z.W., Liang, J.F. & Yang, Z.L. (2019) <em>Leucoagaricus</em>. <em>In: </em>Yang, Z.L., Ge, Z.W. & Liang, J.F. (Eds.) <em>Flora Fungorum Sinicorum vol. 52 Fungi Lepiotoidei (Agaricaceae)</em>. Beijing, Science Press, pp. 128–166.</p>
<p>Ge, Z.-W., Yang, Z.L., Qasim, T., Nawaz, R., Khalid, A.N. & Vellinga, E.C. (2015) Four new species in <em>Leucoagaricus </em>(Agaricaceae, Basidiomycota) from Asia. <em>Mycologia</em> 107 (5): 1033–1044. https://doi.org/10.3852/14-351</p>
<p>Forin, N., Tatti, A., Vizzini, A., Coppola, A. & Migliozzi, V. (2022) <em>Leucoagaricus cupresseoides</em> (Agaricaceae), a new species in sect. <em>Piloselli</em> and <em>L</em>. <em>aurantiovergens</em> and <em>L</em>. <em>pseudopilatianus</em> redescribed from Italy. <em>Phytotaxa</em> 536 (2): 126–140. https://doi.org/10.11646/phytotaxa.536.2.2</p>
<p>Hall, T.A. (1999) BioEdit: a user-friendly biological sequence alignment editor and analysis program for Windows 95/98/NT. <em>Nucleic Acids Symposium Series</em> 41: 95–98.</p>
<p>Johnson, J. (1999) Phylogenetic relationships within <em>Lepiota </em>sensu lato based on morphological and molecular data. <em>Mycologia</em> 91 (3): 443–458. https://doi.org/10.1080/00275514.1999.12061038</p>
<p>Justo, A., Angelini, C. & Bizzi, A. (2021) The genera <em>Leucoagaricus </em>and <em>Leucocoprinus </em>in the Dominican Republic. <em>Mycologia</em> 113 (2): 348–389. https://doi.org/10.1080/00275514.2020.1819142</p>
<p> </p>
<p>Katoh, K. & Standley, D.M. (2013) MAFFT multiple sequence alignment software version 7: improvements in performance and usability. <em>Molecular Biology & Evolution</em> 30 (4): 772–780. https://doi.org/10.1093/molbev/mst010</p>
<p>Kornerup, A. & Wanscher, J.H. (1978) <em>Methuen Handbook of Colour, 3rd ed</em>. London, Methuen, 243 pp.</p>
<p>Liang, J.F., Xu, J. & Yang, Z.L. (2009) Divergence, dispersal and recombination in <em>Lepiota cristata</em> from China. <em>Fungal Diversity</em> 38 (10): 105–124.</p>
<p>Liang, J.F., Yang, Z.L., Xu, J.P. & Ge, Z.W. (2010) Two new unusual <em>Leucoagaricus </em>species (Agaricaceae) from tropical China with blue-green staining reactions. <em>Mycologia</em> 102 (5): 1141–1152. https://doi.org/10.3852/09-021</p>
<p>Ma, Y.R., Liu, T., Yu, X., Wei, T. & Ge, Z.-W. (2022) Six New Species of <em>Leucoagaricus</em> (Agaricaceae) from Northeastern China. <em>Diversity</em> 14 (5): 314. https://doi.org/10.3390/d14050314</p>
<p>Muñoz, G., Caballero, A., Marco, C. & Vizzini, A. (2012) A new <em>Leucoagaricus</em> species of section <em>Piloselli</em> (Agaricales, Agaricaceae) from Spain. <em>IMA fungus</em> 3 (2): 117–123. https://doi.org/10.5598/imafungus.2012.03.02.03</p>
<p>Nylander, J.A.A. (2004) MrModeltest v2. Program distributed by the author. <em>Evolutionary Biology Centre, Uppsala University:</em> 2.</p>
<p>Ortiz, A., Franco-Molano, A.E. & Jr, M.B. (2008) A new species of <em>Leucoagaricus</em> (Agaricaceae) from Colombia. <em>Mycotaxon</em> 106 (5): 371–378.</p>
<p>Rambaut, A. (2018) FigTree Version 1.4.4. Available from: http://tree.bio.ed.ac.uk/publications/ (accessed 11 June 2022)</p>
<p>Retnowati, A. (2015) <em>Lepiota viriditincta</em> (Berk. &Broome) Sacc.: a species from Bali with grey-green colour changing when dried. <em>Floribunda</em> 5 (3): 111–113.</p>
<p>Ronquist, F. & Huelsenbeck, J.P. (2003) MrBayes 3: Bayesian phylogenetic inference under mixed models. <em>Bioinformatics</em> 19 (12): 1572–1574. https://doi.org/10.1093/bioinformatics/btg180</p>
<p>Singer, R. (1948) Diagnoses fungorum novorum agaricalium. <em>Sydowia</em> 2: 35–36.</p>
<p>Singer, R. (1986) <em>The Agaricales in modern taxonomy</em>, 4th ed. Germamy, Koeltz Scientific Books, 981 pp.</p>
<p>Smith, S.A. & Dunn, C.W. (2008) Phyutility: a phyloinformatics tool for trees, alignments and molecular data. <em>Bioinformatics</em> 24 (5): 715–716. https://doi.org/10.1093/bioinformatics/btm619</p>
<p>Stamatakis, A., Hoover, P. & Rougemont, J. (2008) A rapid bootstrap algorithm for the RAxML web servers. <em>Systematic Biology</em> 57 (5): 758–771. https://doi.org/10.1080/10635150802429642</p>
<p>Vellinga, E.C. (2000) Notes on <em>Lepiota</em> and <em>Leucoagaricus</em>. Type studies on <em>Lepiota magnispora</em>, <em>Lepiota barssii</em>, and <em>Agaricus americanus</em>. <em>Mycotaxon</em> 76: 429–438.</p>
<p>Vellinga, E.C. (2001) <em>Leucoagaricus</em>. <em>In</em>: Noordeloos, M.E., Kuyper, Th.W. & Vellinga, E.C. (Eds.) <em>Lisse Flora Agaricina Neerlandica</em>. the Netherlands, A.A. Balkema Publishers, pp. 85–108.</p>
<p>Vellinga, E.C. (2004) Genera in the family Agaricaceae: evidence from nrITS and nrLSU sequences. <em>Mycological Research</em> 108 (4): 354–377. https://doi.org/10.1017/S0953756204009700</p>
<p>Vellinga, E.C. (2006) Lepiotaceous fungi in California, USA 3. Pink and lilac species in <em>Leucoagaricus</em> sect. <em>Piloselli</em>. <em>Mycotaxon </em>98: 213–224.</p>
<p>Vellinga, E.C. (2007) Lepiotaceous fungi in California, USA 5. <em>Lepiota oculata</em> and its look-alikes. <em>Mycotaxon</em> 102: 267–280.</p>
<p>Vellinga, E.C., Kok, R. & Bruns, T.D. (2003) Phylogeny and taxonomy of <em>Macrolepiota </em>(Agaricaceae). <em>Mycologia</em> 95 (3): 442–456. https://doi.org/10.1080/15572536.2004.11833089</p>
<p>Vellinga, E.C., Sysouphanthong, P. & Hyde, K.D. (2011) The family Agaricaceae: phylogenies and two new white-spored genera. <em>Mycologia</em> 103 (3): 494–509. https://doi.org/10.3852/10-204</p>
<p>Vilgalys, R. & Hester, M. (1990) Rapid genetic identification and mapping of enzymatically amplified ribosomal DNA from several <em>Cryptococcus </em>species. <em>Journal of Bacteriology</em> 172 (8): 4238–4246. https://doi.org/10.1128/jb.172.8.4238-4246.1990</p>
<p>White, T.J., Bruns, T.D., Lee, S.H. & Taylor, J.W. (1990) Amplification and direct sequencing of fungal ribosomal RNA genes for phylogenetics <em>In: PCR protocols, a guide to methods and applications</em>. San Diego, Academic Press, pp. 315–322. https://doi.org/10.1016/B978-0-12-372180-8.50042-1</p>
<p>Yang, Z.L. (2007) Type studies on <em>Chamaeota</em> species described from China. <em>Mycotaxon </em>100: 279–287.</p>
<p>Yang, Z.L. & Ge, Z.-W. (2017) Six new combinations of lepiotaceous fungi from China. <em>Mycosystema</em> 36: 542–551.</p>
<p>Yu, F., Liang, J.F., Ge, Z.-W. & Li, Y.K. (2016) Morphological and molecular evidence for a new species of <em>Leucoagaricus </em>from China. <em>Sydowia</em> 68: 41–47.</p>
<p>Yuan, Y., Li, Y.K. & Liang, J.F. (2014) <em>Leucoagaricus tangerinus</em>, a new species with drops from Southern China. <em>Mycological Progress</em> 13: 893–898. https://doi.org/10.1007/s11557-014-0974-2</p>