Abstract
A new species, Bupleurum iranicum (Apiaceae), is described from Ardabil Province, northwestern Iran. The new species is similar to B. anatolicum and B. brachiatum in the narrow, linear cauline leaves, herbaceous bracts similar to bracteoles, bracteoles shorter than the flowers, fruit surface, and petals smooth, and number of umbel rays 2–3. At the same time, the new species differs from the above-mentioned taxa in features of the stem features (non-branched or slightly branched vs. diffusely or dichotomously branched), umbel rays (subequal vs. unequal), length and number of bracts (equal 1–2 vs. subequal 2–5), and shape (elliptic to ovate vs. lanceolate). A detailed description and comparisons with other similar taxa, color images, distribution and habitat, and a taxonomic key to the Bupleurum species from Iran are provided. The new species should be listed as Critically Endangered, its protection is therefore recommended.
References
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Bornmüller, J. & Gauba, E. (1940) Florae Keredjensis fundamenta. (Plantae Gaubaeanae Iranicae) Supplementum. Repertorium Specierum Novarum Regni Vegetabilis 49: 253–272. https://doi.org/10.1002/fedr.4870492303
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Huber-Morath, A. (1945) Novitiae florae anatolicae IV. Candollea 10: 147–154.
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Lindley, J. (1836) An Introduction to the Natural System of Botany, 2nd edition. Longman, London, 526 pp.
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Mozaffarian, V. (2017) New species and new records from Gilan Province, Iran. The Iranian Journal of Botany 22 (2): 112–120.
Neves, S.S. & Watson, M.F. (2004) Phylogenetic relationships in Bupleurum (Apiaceae) based on nuclear ribosomal DNA ITS sequence data. Annals of Botany 93 (4): 379–398. https://doi.org/10.1093/aob/mch052
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Pimenov, M.G. & Kljuykov, E.V. (2015) A new species of Bupleurum (Umbelliferae) from Badakhshan, with notes on and a key to the alpine species of High Asia. Phytotaxa 226 (3): 245–252. https://doi.org/10.11646/phytotaxa.226.3.4
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Ranjbar, M., Bahmoudian, B. & Vitek, E. (2013) A synopsis of genus Astragalus L. sect. Stereothrix Bunge (Fabaceae). Biological Diversity and Conservation 6: 114–133.
Rechinger, K.H. & Snogerup, S. (1987) Umbelliferea. In: Rechinger, K.H. (Ed.) Flora Iranica, Vol. 162. Akademische Druck- u. Verlagsanstalt, Graz, pp. 269–297.
Ruksans, J. & Zetterlund, H. (2014) an Iranian paeony to honour Per Wendelbo. Alpine Gardener 82 (2): 230–237.
Schlechtendal (1843) Plantae Kotschyanae nonnullae, novae censitae. Linnaea 17 (1): 124–128.
Snogerup, S. (1972) Bupleurum L. In: Davis, P.H. (Ed.) Flora of Turkey and the East Aegean Islands, Vol. 4. Edinburgh University Press, Edinburgh, pp. 393–416.
Snogerup, S. & Snogerup, B. (2001) Bupleurum L. (Umbelliferae) in Europe—1. The annuals, B. sect. Bupleurum and sect. Aristata. Willdenowia 31 (2): 205–308. https://doi.org/10.3372/wi.31.31201
Stoyanov, S. (2019) Contribution to the taxonomy and distribution of Bupleurum boissieri, B. aequiradiatum and B. gerardi (Apiaceae) in the Balkans. Phytotaxa 392 (3): 197–216. https://doi.org/10.11646/phytotaxa.392.3.3
Thiers, B. 2021+ [continuously updated] Index Herbariorum: A global directory of public herbaria and associated staff. New York Botanical Garden, Bronx. [http://sweetgum.nybg.org/ih/]
Townsend, C. (2013) Bupleurum L. In: Ghazanfer, A. & Edmondson, J.R. (Eds.) Flora of Iraq, vol 5(2), Lythraceae to Campanulaceae. Royal Botanic Gardens, Kew, pp. 140–148.
Tutin, T.G. (1968) Bupleurum L. In: Tutin, T.G., Heywood, V.H., Burges, N.A., Moore, D.M., Valentine, D.H., Walters, S.M. & Webb, D.A. (Eds.) Flora Europaea, Vol. 2. Cambridge University Press, Cambridge, pp. 345–350.
Wolff, H. (1910) Bupleurum. In: Engler, A. (Ed.) Das Pflanzenreich: Regni vegetablilis conspectus 43 (IV, 228). Wilhelm Engelmann, Leipzig, pp. 36–173.
Bidarlord, M., Jamzad, Z. & German, D.A. (2021) Lepidium khalkhalicum (Brassicaceae), a new wild relative of the garden cress (L. sativum) from northwestern Iran. Nordic Journal of Botany 39 (1): 1–7. https://doi.org/10.1111/njb.03036
Bidarlord, M. & Jamzad, Z. (2021) Sideritis khalkhalica (Lamiaceae: Lamioideae), a new species from Northwest Iran. Taiwania 66 (4): 504–508.
Boissier, E. (1844) Plantae Aucherianae. Adjunctis nonnullis e regionibus Mediterraneis et Orientalibus aliis cum novarum specierum descriptione. Annales des sciences naturelles, Botanique (sér. 3) 1: 120–151.
Boissier, E. (1872) Flora Orientalis, Vol. 2. Apud H. Georg, Bibliopolam, Genevae et Basileae, pp. 834–896.
Bornmüller, J. & Gauba, E. (1940) Florae Keredjensis fundamenta. (Plantae Gaubaeanae Iranicae) Supplementum. Repertorium Specierum Novarum Regni Vegetabilis 49: 253–272. https://doi.org/10.1002/fedr.4870492303
Ghahremaninejad, F., Hoseini, E. & Mozaffarian, V. (2014) Fruit anatomy of the genus Bupleurum L. (Apiaceae) in Iran. Iranian Journal of Botany 20 (1): 51–70.
Huber-Morath, A. (1945) Novitiae florae anatolicae IV. Candollea 10: 147–154.
IUCN (2019) Guidelines for Using the IUCN Red List Categories and Criteria, Version 14. Prepared by the Standards and Petitions Committee. IUCN, Gland, Switzerland; Cambridge, United Kingdom [http://www.iucnredlist.org /documents/RedListGuidelines.pdf]
Kljuykov, E.V., Liu, M., Ostroumova, T.A., Pimenov, M.G., Tilney, P.M. & van Wyk, B.-E. (2004) Towards a standardized terminology for taxonomically important morphological characters in the Umbelliferae. South African Journal of Botany 70 (3): 488–496. https://doi.org/10.1016/S0254-6299(15)30233-7
Ledebour, C.F. (1815) Decades sex plantarum novarum in Imperio Rossico indigenarum. Mémoires de l’Academie Impériale des Sciences de St.-Petersbourg [sér. 5]: 514–578.
Linczevski, I.A. (1950) Bupleurum L. In: Schischkin, B.K. (Ed.) Flora URSS 16. Akad. Nauk SSSR, Moskva-Leningrad, pp. 275–349.
Lindley, J. (1836) An Introduction to the Natural System of Botany, 2nd edition. Longman, London, 526 pp.
Linnaeus, C. (1753) Species plantarum. L. Salvius, Holmiae [Stockholm], 1200 pp.
Mabberley, D.J. (2017) Mabberley’s plant-book: a portable dictionary of plants, their classification and uses, No. Ed. 4. Cambridge University Press, 139 pp. https://doi.org/10.1017/9781316335581
Matin, F. & Moussavi, M. (1992) Bupleurum brevicaule (Umbelliferae), a new record from Iran. Iranian Journal of Botany 5 (2): 65–67.
Mozaffarian, V. (1991) New species and new plant records from Iran. Iranian Journal of Botany 5 (1): 29–39.
Mozaffarian, V. (2007) Umbelliferae. In: Assadi, M. & Maassoumi, A.A. (Eds.) Flora of Iran, vol. 54. Research Institute of Forests and Rangelands, Tehran, 596 pp. [In Persian]
Mozaffarian, V. (2015) A new species of Bupleurum (Umbelliferae) from Gilan, Iran. Iranian Journal of Botany 21 (1): 83–85.
Mozaffarian, V. (2017) New species and new records from Gilan Province, Iran. The Iranian Journal of Botany 22 (2): 112–120.
Neves, S.S. & Watson, M.F. (2004) Phylogenetic relationships in Bupleurum (Apiaceae) based on nuclear ribosomal DNA ITS sequence data. Annals of Botany 93 (4): 379–398. https://doi.org/10.1093/aob/mch052
Özcan, T. (2000) Taxonomical research on some endemic Bupleurum L. species for Turkey. Unpublished PhD Thesis, Istanbul University.
Pimenov, M.G. & Kljuykov, E.V. (2015) A new species of Bupleurum (Umbelliferae) from Badakhshan, with notes on and a key to the alpine species of High Asia. Phytotaxa 226 (3): 245–252. https://doi.org/10.11646/phytotaxa.226.3.4
Plunkett, G.M., Pimenov, M.G., Reduron, J.P., Kljuykov, E.V., Lee, B.Y., van Wyk, B.E., Tilney, P.M., Watson, M.F., Ostroumova, T.A., Spalik, K. & Hart, J.M. (2018) Apiaceae. In: Kubitzki, K. (Ed.) The families and genera of vascular plants, Apiales, Gentianales (except Rubiaceae) vol 15. Springer International Publishing AG, pp. 9–206. https://doi.org/10.1007/978-3-319-93605-5_2
Ranjbar, M., Bahmoudian, B. & Vitek, E. (2013) A synopsis of genus Astragalus L. sect. Stereothrix Bunge (Fabaceae). Biological Diversity and Conservation 6: 114–133.
Rechinger, K.H. & Snogerup, S. (1987) Umbelliferea. In: Rechinger, K.H. (Ed.) Flora Iranica, Vol. 162. Akademische Druck- u. Verlagsanstalt, Graz, pp. 269–297.
Ruksans, J. & Zetterlund, H. (2014) an Iranian paeony to honour Per Wendelbo. Alpine Gardener 82 (2): 230–237.
Schlechtendal (1843) Plantae Kotschyanae nonnullae, novae censitae. Linnaea 17 (1): 124–128.
Snogerup, S. (1972) Bupleurum L. In: Davis, P.H. (Ed.) Flora of Turkey and the East Aegean Islands, Vol. 4. Edinburgh University Press, Edinburgh, pp. 393–416.
Snogerup, S. & Snogerup, B. (2001) Bupleurum L. (Umbelliferae) in Europe—1. The annuals, B. sect. Bupleurum and sect. Aristata. Willdenowia 31 (2): 205–308. https://doi.org/10.3372/wi.31.31201
Stoyanov, S. (2019) Contribution to the taxonomy and distribution of Bupleurum boissieri, B. aequiradiatum and B. gerardi (Apiaceae) in the Balkans. Phytotaxa 392 (3): 197–216. https://doi.org/10.11646/phytotaxa.392.3.3
Thiers, B. 2021+ [continuously updated] Index Herbariorum: A global directory of public herbaria and associated staff. New York Botanical Garden, Bronx. [http://sweetgum.nybg.org/ih/]
Townsend, C. (2013) Bupleurum L. In: Ghazanfer, A. & Edmondson, J.R. (Eds.) Flora of Iraq, vol 5(2), Lythraceae to Campanulaceae. Royal Botanic Gardens, Kew, pp. 140–148.
Tutin, T.G. (1968) Bupleurum L. In: Tutin, T.G., Heywood, V.H., Burges, N.A., Moore, D.M., Valentine, D.H., Walters, S.M. & Webb, D.A. (Eds.) Flora Europaea, Vol. 2. Cambridge University Press, Cambridge, pp. 345–350.
Wolff, H. (1910) Bupleurum. In: Engler, A. (Ed.) Das Pflanzenreich: Regni vegetablilis conspectus 43 (IV, 228). Wilhelm Engelmann, Leipzig, pp. 36–173.