Abstract
A new species, Mutinus taishanensis (Phallaceae, Phallales, Basidiomycota), was found growing in a forest of Phyllostachys flexuosa and Quercus palustris in Zhulin Temple, Mount Tai Scenic Area (Tai’an City, Shangdong Province, China). It is described as new based on morphological, molecular and ecological evidence. Our phylogenetic analyses based on DNA sequences of the large subunit of nuclear ribosomal DNA (LSU), subunit 6 of ATP synthase (atp6) and the second largest subunit of RNA polymerase II (RPB2) support the inclusion of this new species in the genus Mutinus as it forms an independent clade in the phylogenetic tree. Morphologically, M. taishanensis differs from any known species by the combination of light red to red pseudostipe, red conical fertile portion (covering about 1/4–1/5 of the total length of pseudostipe), and relatively small basidiospores. We present this new species with illustrated morphological description. phylogeny and comparison with morphologically similar or phylogenetically related species.
References
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Fischer, V.E. (1910) Beitrage zur Morphologie und Systematik der Phalloideen. Annales Mycologici Editi in Notitiam Scientiae Mycologicae Universalis 8.
Fries, E.M. (1849) Summa Vegetabilium Scandinaviae. Sectio posterior 2: 259–572. [http://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/bibliography/47008]
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Hall, T.A. (1999) BioEdit: a user-friendly biological sequence alignment editor and analysis program for windows 95/98/NT. Nucleic Acids Symp Ser 41: 95–98.
Hibbett, D.S. & Binder, M. (2002) Evolution of complex fruiting–body morphologies in homobasidiomycetes. Proceedings of the Royal Society of London. Series B: Biological Sciences 269 (1504): 1963–1969. https://doi.org/10.1098/rspb.2002.2123
Hosaka, K., Bates, S.T., Beever, R.E., Castellano, M.A., Colgan Iii, W., Dominguez, L.S., Nouhra, E.R., Geml, J., Giachini, A.J., Kenney, S.R., Simpson, N.B., Spatafora, J.W. & Trappe, J.M. (2006) Molecular phylogenetics of the gomphoid-phalloid fungi with an establishment of the new subclass Phallomycetidae and two new orders. Mycologia 98: 949–959. https://doi.org/10.3852/mycologia.98.6.949
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Kornerup, A. & Wanscher, J.H. (1978) Methuen Handbook of Colours. 3 Ed. Eyre Methuen, London, 252 pp.
Kretzer, A.M. & Bruns, T.D. (1999) Use of atp6 in fungal phylogenetics: An example from the Boletales. Molecular Phylogenetics and Evolution 13 (3): 483–492. https://doi.org/10.1006/mpev.1999.0680
Linnaeus, C. (1753) Species Plantarum. Laurentius Salvius, Stockholm, 1200 pp.
Li, TH., Liu, B. & Song, B. (2002) Three taxa of Phallaceae in HMAS, China. Fungal Diversity 11: 123–127.
Li, Y., Li, T.H., Yang, Z.L., Bau, T. & Dai, Y.C. (2016) Atlas of Chinese macrofungal resources. Central China Farmer’s Publishing House, Zhengzhou, pp. 1–1351.
Lloyd, C.G. (1908) Mycological Notes nº 31. The Phalloids of Japan. Mycology Writings 2: 397–412.
Lloyd, C.G. (1909) Mycological Notes nº 4. Synopsis of the Know Phalloids. Mycology Writings 4: 1–96.
Lloyd, C.G. (1908) Mycological Notes 31. Mycological Writings 2 (31): 397–412.
Massee, G. (1891) New or imperfectly known gasteromycetes. Grevillea 19: 94–98.
Mattirolo O. (1903) I funghi ipogei italiani, raccolti da O. Beccari, L. Cardesi, A. Carestia, V. Cesati, P.A. Saccardo, 53. Torino, C. Clausen, pp. 329–366. https://doi.org/10.5962/bhl.title.3885
Melanda, G.C.S., Silva-Filho, A.G.S., Lenz, A.R., Menolli Jr., N., Lima, A.D.A.D., Ferreira, R.J., de Assis, N.M., Cabral, T.S., Martín M.P. & Baseia, I.G. (2021) An overview of 24 years of Molecular Phylogenetic Studies in Phallales (Basidiomycota) with notes on systematics, geographic distribution, lifestyle, and edibility. Frontiers in Microbiology 12: 689374. https://doi.org/10.3389/fmicb.2021.689374
Münchhausen, Otto von. (1770) Der Hausvater 5 (1): 253.
Nylander, J.A.A. (2004) MrModelTest v2. Program distributed by the editor.
Pegler, D.N., Læssøe, T. & Spooner, B.M. (1995) British puffballs, earthstars, and stinkhorns. London, Royal Botanic Gardens, Kew, 255 pp.
Penzig, O. (1899) Ueber Javanische phalloideen. Annales du Jardin Botanique de Buitenzorg 16: 133–173.
Rivière & Rivière, C. (1878) Bulletin de la Societe Nationale d’Acclimatation de France Sér. 35: 758.
Ronquist, F. & Huelsenbeck, J.P. (2003) MrBayes 3: Bayesian phylogenetic inference under mixed models. Bioinformatics 19: 1572–1574. https://doi.org/10.1093/bioinformatics/btg180
Saccardo, P.A. (1888) Sylloge fungorum omnium hucusque cognitorum: Gasteromyceteae, Phycomyceteae, Myxomyceteae, Ustilagineae et Uredineae. Vol 7. 882 pp.
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