Abstract
During recent fieldwork at Azad Jammu and Kashmir (Pakistan), many basidiomycetes of the genus Cortinarius were collected from mixed coniferous Himalayan temperate forests. Their morphological characterization and phylogenetic analyses based on ITS and LSU sequence data yielded a well-delimited, new species within C. subgenus Telamonia sect Disjungendi. It is characterized by producing small and dry basidiomata with blackish brown conico-convex pilei when young and uplifted at maturity, dark brown lamellae, a fibrillose stipe and small basidiospores (9.4 × 5.5 µm in average).
References
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Brandrud, T.E., Gorbunova, I.A., Ageev, D.V., Dahlberg, A., Dima, B., Morozova, O.V. & Svetasheva, T. (2019) New data on Cortinarius funga (Agaricales, Basidiomycota) from Altaiskiy Nature Reserve and Gorno-Altaysk area (SW Siberia, Russia). Mycology and Plant Pathology: 325–341. https://doi.org/10.1134/S0026364819060035
Cubeta, M.A., Echandi, E., Abernethy, T. & Vilgalys, R. (1991) Characterization of anastomosis groups of binucleate Rhizoctonia species using restriction analysis of an amplified ribosomal RNA gene. Phytopathology 81: 1395–1400. https://doi.org/10.1094/Phyto-81-1395
Frøslev, T.G., Matheny, P.B. & Hibbett, D.S. (2005) Lower level relationships in the mushroom genus Cortinarius (Basidiomycota, Agaricales): a comparison of RPB1, RPB2, and ITS phylogenies. Molecular Phylogenetics and Evolution 37: 602–618. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.ympev.2005.06.016
Frøslev, T.G., Jeppesen, T.S., Læssøe, T. & Kjøller, R. (2007) Molecular phylogenetics and delimitation of species in Cortinarius section Calochroi (Basidiomycota, Agaricales) in Europe. Molecular phylogenetics and evolution 44: 217–27. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.ympev.2006.11.013
Gardes, M. & Bruns, T.D. (1993) ITS primers with enhanced specificity for basidiomycetes application to the identification of mycorrhizae and rusts. Molecular Ecology 2: 113–118. https://doi.org/10.1111/j.1365-294X.1993.tb00005
Garnica, S., Schön, M.E., Abarenkov, K., Riess, K., Liimatainen, K., Niskanen, T., Dima, B., Soop, K., Frøslev, T.G., Jeppesen, T.S. & Peintner, U. (2016) Determining threshold values for barcoding fungi: lessons from Cortinarius (Basidiomycota), a highly diverse and widespread ectomycorrhizal genus. FEMS Microbiology Ecology 92: 4. https://doi.org/10.1093/femsec/fiw045
Garnica, S., Weiß, M., Oertel, B. & Oberwinkler, F. (2005) A framework for a phylogenetic classifcation in the genus Cortinarius (Basidiomycota, Agaricales) derived from morphological and molecular data. Canadian Journal of Botany 83: 1457–1477. https://doi.org/10.1139/b05-107
He, M.Q., Zhao, R.L., Hyde, K.D., Begerow, D. & Kirk, P.M. (2019) Notes, outline and divergence times of Basidiomycota. Fungal diversity 99 (1): 105–367. https://doi.org/10.1007/s13225-019-00435-4
Katoh, K. & Standley, D.M. (2013) MAFFT: Multiple Sequence Alignment Software version 7: improvements in performance and usability. Molecular Biology and Evolution 30: 772–780. https://doi.org/10.1093/molbev/mst010
Khan, J., Sher, H., Hussain, S. & Khalid, A.N. (2020) Cortinarius brunneocarpus var. microsporus, an interesting variety with Eurasian distribution. Plant Systematics and Evolution 306 (5): 1–9. https://doi.org/10.1007/s00606-020-01703-6
Kirk, P.M., Cannon, P.F., Minter, D.W. & Stalpers, J.A. (2008) Dictionary of the fungi, 10th edn. CAB International, Wallingford, UK.
Li, Y., Li, T.H., Yang, Z.L., Bau, T. & Dai, Y.C. (2015) Atlas of Chinese Macrofungal Resources. Zhongyuan Farmers Press, Zhengzhou, 1351 pp.
Liimatainen, K. (2014) Nomenclatural novelties. Index Fungorum no. 196.
Liimatainen, K. & Ainsworth, A.M. (2018) Fifteen Cortinarius species associated with Helianthemum in Great Britain: results of a DNA-based analysis. Field mycology 19 (4): 119–135. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.fldmyc.2018.10.006
Liimatainen, K., Niskanen, T., Ammirati, J.F., Kytövuori, I. & Dima, B. (2015) Cortinarius, subgenus Telamonia, section Disjungendi, cryptic species in North America and Europe. Mycological progress 14 (1): 1–8. https://doi.org/10.1007/s11557-014-1016-9
Liimatainen, K., Niskanen, T., Dima, B., Kytövuori, I., Ammirati, J.F. & Frøslev, T.G. (2014) The largest type study of Agaricales species to date: bringing identification and nomenclature of Phlegmacium (Cortinarius) into the DNA era. Persoonia-Molecular Phylogeny and Evolution of Fungi 33 (1): 98–140. https://doi.org/10.3767/003158514X684681
Luo, Y. & Bau, T. (2021) Cortinarius jiaoheensis (Cortinariaceae), a new species of Cortinarius subgenus Telamonia section Flexipedes, from northeast China. Phytotaxa 494 (1): 113–121. https://doi.org/10.11646/phytotaxa.494.1.7
Lanfear, R., Calcott, B., Ho, S.Y. & Guindon, S. (2012) Partition Finder: combined selection of partitioning schemes and substitution models for phylogenetic analyses. Molecular biology and evolution 29 (6): 1695–1701. https://doi.org/10.1093/molbev/mss020
Miller, M.A., Pfeiffer, W. & Schwartz, T. (2010) Creating the CIPRES Science Gateway for inference of large phylogenetic trees. Proceedings of the Gateway Computing Environments Workshop (GCE). New Orleans, Louisiana. 1–8. https://doi.org/10.1109/GCE.2010.5676129
Naseer, A., Garrido-Benavent, I., Khan, J., Ballarà, J., Mahiques, R., Khalid, A.N. & Sher, H. (2020) Cortinarius pakistanicus and C. pseudotorvus: two new species in oak forests in the Pakistan Himalayas. MycoKeys 74: 91. https://doi.org/10.3897/mycokeys.74.49734
Niskanen, T. (2014) Nomenclatural novelties. Index Fungorum no. 186.
Niskanen, T., Kytövuori, I. & Liimatainen, K. (2011) Cortinarius sect. Armillati in northern Europe. Mycologia 103 (5): 1080–1101. https://doi.org/10.3852/10-350
Niskanen, T., Liimatainen, K. & Kytövuori, I. (2015) Nomenclatural novelties 256. Index Fungorum, (256). Available from: http://www. indexfungorum.org/Publications/Index%20Fungorum%20no.256.pdf (accessed 20 November 2020)
Niskanen, T., Liimatainen, K., Kytövuori, I. & Lindström, H. (2012) Subgen. Telamonia (Fr.) Trog. In: Knudsen, H. & Vesterholt, J. (Eds.) Funga Nordica, 2nd revised edition. Agaricoid, boletoid, clavarioid, cyphelloid and gastroid genera. Nordsvamp, Denmark, pp. 826–885.
Nuske, S.J., Anslan, S., Tedersoo, L., Congdon, B.C. & Abell, S.E. (2019) Ectomycorrhizal fungal communities are dominated by mammalian dispersed truffle-like taxa in north-east Australian woodlands. Mycorrhiza 29 (3): 181–193. https://doi.org/10.1007/s00572-019-00886-2
Peintner, U., Moncalvo, J.M. & Vilgalys, R. (2004) Toward a better understanding of the infrageneric relationships in Cortinarius (Agaricales, Basidiomycota). Mycologia 96: 1042–1058. https://doi.org/10.1080/15572536.2005.11832904
Ronquist, F., Teslenko, M., Van Der Mark, P., Ayres, D.L., Darling, A., Höhna, S., Larget, B., Liu, L., Suchard, M.A. & Huelsenbeck, J.P. (2012) MrBayes 3.2: efficient Bayesian phylogenetic inference and model choice across a large model space. Systematic biology 61 (3): 539–542. https://doi.org/10.1093/sysbio/sys029
Saba. M., Khalid, A.N., Jabeen, S. & Dima, B. (2017) Cortinarius longistipitatus, a new species in subgenus Telamonia, section Cinnabarini, from Pakistan. Phytotaxa 328 (3): 257–266. https://doi.org/10.11646/phytotaxa.328.3.4
Song, J., Liang, J.-F., Mehrabi-Koushki, M., Krisai-Greilhuber, I., Ali, B., Bhatt, V.K., Cerna-Mendoza, A., Chen, B., Chen, Z.-X., Chu, H.-L., Corazon-Guivin, M.A., da Silva, G.A., De Kesel, A., Dima, B., Dovana, F., Farokhinejad, R., Ferisin, G., Guerrero-Abad, J.C., Guo, T., Han, L.-H., Ilyas, S., Justo, A., Khalid, A.N., Khodadadi-Pourarpanahi, S., Li, T.-H., Liu, C., Lorenzini, M., Lu, J.-K., Mumtaz, A.S., Oehl, F., Pan, X.-Y., Papp, V., Qian, W., Razaq, A., Semwal, K.C., Tang, L.-Z., Tian, X.-L., Vallejos-Tapullima, A., van der Merwe, N.A., Wang, S.-K., Wang, C.-Q., Yang, R.-H., Yu, F., Zapparoli, G., Zhang, M., Antonín, V., Aptroot, A., Aslan, A., Banerjee, A., Chatterjee, S., Dirks, A.C., Ebrahimi, L., Fotouhifar, K.-B., Ghosta, Y., Kalinina, L.B., Karahan, D., Liu, J., Maiti, M.K., Mookherjee, A., Nath, P.S., Panja, B., Saha, J., Šev?íková, H., Voglmayr, H., Yaz?c?, K. & Haelewaters, D. (2019) Fungal Systematics and Evolution: FUSE 5. Sydowia 71: 141–245. https://doi.org/10.1093/sysbio/sys029
Stamatakis, A. (2014) RAxML version 8: a tool for phylogenetic analysis and postanalysis of large phylogenies. Bioinformatics. https://doi.org/10.1093/bioinformatics/btu033
Soop, K., Dima, B., Cooper, J.A., Park, D. & Oertel, B. (2019) A phylogenetic approach to a global supraspecifc taxonomy of Cortinarius (Agaricales) with an emphasis on the southern mycota. Persoonia 42: 261–290. https://doi.org/10.3767/persoonia.2019.42.10
Vellinga, E.C., Sysouphanthong, P. & Hyde, K.D. (2011) The family Agaricaceae: phylogenices and two new white spored genera. Mycologia 103 (3): 494–509. https://doi.org/10.3852/10-204
Vilgalys, R. & Hester, M. (1990) Rapid genetic identification and mapping of enzymatically amplified ribosomal DNA from several Cryptococcus species. Journal of Bacteriology 172 (8): 4238–4246. https://doi.org/10.1128/JB.172.8.4238-4246.1990
Teasdale, S.E., Beulke, A.K., Guy, P.L. & Orlovich, D.A. (2013) Environmental barcoding of the ectomycorrhizal fungal genus Cortinarius. Fungal Diversity 58: 299–310. https://doi.org/10.1007/s13225-012-0218-1
White, T.J, Bruns T, Lee, S.J. & Taylor, J. (1990) Amplification and direct sequencing of fungal ribosomal RNA genes for phylogenetics. PCR protocols: a guide to methods and applications 18 (1): 315–322. https://doi.org/10.1016/B978-0-12-372180-8.50042-1
Altschul, S.F., Madden, T.L., Schäffer, A.A., Zhang, J., Zhang, Z., Miller, W. & Lipman, D.J. (1997) Gapped BLAST and PSI-BLAST: a new generation of protein database search programs. Nucleic Acids Research 25: 3389–3402. https://doi.org/10.1093/nar/25.17.3389
Brandrud, T.E., Gorbunova, I.A., Ageev, D.V., Dahlberg, A., Dima, B., Morozova, O.V. & Svetasheva, T. (2019) New data on Cortinarius funga (Agaricales, Basidiomycota) from Altaiskiy Nature Reserve and Gorno-Altaysk area (SW Siberia, Russia). Mycology and Plant Pathology: 325–341. https://doi.org/10.1134/S0026364819060035
Cubeta, M.A., Echandi, E., Abernethy, T. & Vilgalys, R. (1991) Characterization of anastomosis groups of binucleate Rhizoctonia species using restriction analysis of an amplified ribosomal RNA gene. Phytopathology 81: 1395–1400. https://doi.org/10.1094/Phyto-81-1395
Frøslev, T.G., Matheny, P.B. & Hibbett, D.S. (2005) Lower level relationships in the mushroom genus Cortinarius (Basidiomycota, Agaricales): a comparison of RPB1, RPB2, and ITS phylogenies. Molecular Phylogenetics and Evolution 37: 602–618. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.ympev.2005.06.016
Frøslev, T.G., Jeppesen, T.S., Læssøe, T. & Kjøller, R. (2007) Molecular phylogenetics and delimitation of species in Cortinarius section Calochroi (Basidiomycota, Agaricales) in Europe. Molecular phylogenetics and evolution 44: 217–27. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.ympev.2006.11.013
Gardes, M. & Bruns, T.D. (1993) ITS primers with enhanced specificity for basidiomycetes application to the identification of mycorrhizae and rusts. Molecular Ecology 2: 113–118. https://doi.org/10.1111/j.1365-294X.1993.tb00005
Garnica, S., Schön, M.E., Abarenkov, K., Riess, K., Liimatainen, K., Niskanen, T., Dima, B., Soop, K., Frøslev, T.G., Jeppesen, T.S. & Peintner, U. (2016) Determining threshold values for barcoding fungi: lessons from Cortinarius (Basidiomycota), a highly diverse and widespread ectomycorrhizal genus. FEMS Microbiology Ecology 92: 4. https://doi.org/10.1093/femsec/fiw045
Garnica, S., Weiß, M., Oertel, B. & Oberwinkler, F. (2005) A framework for a phylogenetic classifcation in the genus Cortinarius (Basidiomycota, Agaricales) derived from morphological and molecular data. Canadian Journal of Botany 83: 1457–1477. https://doi.org/10.1139/b05-107
He, M.Q., Zhao, R.L., Hyde, K.D., Begerow, D. & Kirk, P.M. (2019) Notes, outline and divergence times of Basidiomycota. Fungal diversity 99 (1): 105–367. https://doi.org/10.1007/s13225-019-00435-4
Katoh, K. & Standley, D.M. (2013) MAFFT: Multiple Sequence Alignment Software version 7: improvements in performance and usability. Molecular Biology and Evolution 30: 772–780. https://doi.org/10.1093/molbev/mst010
Khan, J., Sher, H., Hussain, S. & Khalid, A.N. (2020) Cortinarius brunneocarpus var. microsporus, an interesting variety with Eurasian distribution. Plant Systematics and Evolution 306 (5): 1–9. https://doi.org/10.1007/s00606-020-01703-6
Kirk, P.M., Cannon, P.F., Minter, D.W. & Stalpers, J.A. (2008) Dictionary of the fungi, 10th edn. CAB International, Wallingford, UK.
Li, Y., Li, T.H., Yang, Z.L., Bau, T. & Dai, Y.C. (2015) Atlas of Chinese Macrofungal Resources. Zhongyuan Farmers Press, Zhengzhou, 1351 pp.
Liimatainen, K. (2014) Nomenclatural novelties. Index Fungorum no. 196.
Liimatainen, K. & Ainsworth, A.M. (2018) Fifteen Cortinarius species associated with Helianthemum in Great Britain: results of a DNA-based analysis. Field mycology 19 (4): 119–135. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.fldmyc.2018.10.006
Liimatainen, K., Niskanen, T., Ammirati, J.F., Kytövuori, I. & Dima, B. (2015) Cortinarius, subgenus Telamonia, section Disjungendi, cryptic species in North America and Europe. Mycological progress 14 (1): 1–8. https://doi.org/10.1007/s11557-014-1016-9
Liimatainen, K., Niskanen, T., Dima, B., Kytövuori, I., Ammirati, J.F. & Frøslev, T.G. (2014) The largest type study of Agaricales species to date: bringing identification and nomenclature of Phlegmacium (Cortinarius) into the DNA era. Persoonia-Molecular Phylogeny and Evolution of Fungi 33 (1): 98–140. https://doi.org/10.3767/003158514X684681
Luo, Y. & Bau, T. (2021) Cortinarius jiaoheensis (Cortinariaceae), a new species of Cortinarius subgenus Telamonia section Flexipedes, from northeast China. Phytotaxa 494 (1): 113–121. https://doi.org/10.11646/phytotaxa.494.1.7
Lanfear, R., Calcott, B., Ho, S.Y. & Guindon, S. (2012) Partition Finder: combined selection of partitioning schemes and substitution models for phylogenetic analyses. Molecular biology and evolution 29 (6): 1695–1701. https://doi.org/10.1093/molbev/mss020
Miller, M.A., Pfeiffer, W. & Schwartz, T. (2010) Creating the CIPRES Science Gateway for inference of large phylogenetic trees. Proceedings of the Gateway Computing Environments Workshop (GCE). New Orleans, Louisiana. 1–8. https://doi.org/10.1109/GCE.2010.5676129
Naseer, A., Garrido-Benavent, I., Khan, J., Ballarà, J., Mahiques, R., Khalid, A.N. & Sher, H. (2020) Cortinarius pakistanicus and C. pseudotorvus: two new species in oak forests in the Pakistan Himalayas. MycoKeys 74: 91. https://doi.org/10.3897/mycokeys.74.49734
Niskanen, T. (2014) Nomenclatural novelties. Index Fungorum no. 186.
Niskanen, T., Kytövuori, I. & Liimatainen, K. (2011) Cortinarius sect. Armillati in northern Europe. Mycologia 103 (5): 1080–1101. https://doi.org/10.3852/10-350
Niskanen, T., Liimatainen, K. & Kytövuori, I. (2015) Nomenclatural novelties 256. Index Fungorum, (256). Available from: http://www. indexfungorum.org/Publications/Index%20Fungorum%20no.256.pdf (accessed 20 November 2020)
Niskanen, T., Liimatainen, K., Kytövuori, I. & Lindström, H. (2012) Subgen. Telamonia (Fr.) Trog. In: Knudsen, H. & Vesterholt, J. (Eds.) Funga Nordica, 2nd revised edition. Agaricoid, boletoid, clavarioid, cyphelloid and gastroid genera. Nordsvamp, Denmark, pp. 826–885.
Nuske, S.J., Anslan, S., Tedersoo, L., Congdon, B.C. & Abell, S.E. (2019) Ectomycorrhizal fungal communities are dominated by mammalian dispersed truffle-like taxa in north-east Australian woodlands. Mycorrhiza 29 (3): 181–193. https://doi.org/10.1007/s00572-019-00886-2
Peintner, U., Moncalvo, J.M. & Vilgalys, R. (2004) Toward a better understanding of the infrageneric relationships in Cortinarius (Agaricales, Basidiomycota). Mycologia 96: 1042–1058. https://doi.org/10.1080/15572536.2005.11832904
Ronquist, F., Teslenko, M., Van Der Mark, P., Ayres, D.L., Darling, A., Höhna, S., Larget, B., Liu, L., Suchard, M.A. & Huelsenbeck, J.P. (2012) MrBayes 3.2: efficient Bayesian phylogenetic inference and model choice across a large model space. Systematic biology 61 (3): 539–542. https://doi.org/10.1093/sysbio/sys029
Saba. M., Khalid, A.N., Jabeen, S. & Dima, B. (2017) Cortinarius longistipitatus, a new species in subgenus Telamonia, section Cinnabarini, from Pakistan. Phytotaxa 328 (3): 257–266. https://doi.org/10.11646/phytotaxa.328.3.4
Song, J., Liang, J.-F., Mehrabi-Koushki, M., Krisai-Greilhuber, I., Ali, B., Bhatt, V.K., Cerna-Mendoza, A., Chen, B., Chen, Z.-X., Chu, H.-L., Corazon-Guivin, M.A., da Silva, G.A., De Kesel, A., Dima, B., Dovana, F., Farokhinejad, R., Ferisin, G., Guerrero-Abad, J.C., Guo, T., Han, L.-H., Ilyas, S., Justo, A., Khalid, A.N., Khodadadi-Pourarpanahi, S., Li, T.-H., Liu, C., Lorenzini, M., Lu, J.-K., Mumtaz, A.S., Oehl, F., Pan, X.-Y., Papp, V., Qian, W., Razaq, A., Semwal, K.C., Tang, L.-Z., Tian, X.-L., Vallejos-Tapullima, A., van der Merwe, N.A., Wang, S.-K., Wang, C.-Q., Yang, R.-H., Yu, F., Zapparoli, G., Zhang, M., Antonín, V., Aptroot, A., Aslan, A., Banerjee, A., Chatterjee, S., Dirks, A.C., Ebrahimi, L., Fotouhifar, K.-B., Ghosta, Y., Kalinina, L.B., Karahan, D., Liu, J., Maiti, M.K., Mookherjee, A., Nath, P.S., Panja, B., Saha, J., Šev?íková, H., Voglmayr, H., Yaz?c?, K. & Haelewaters, D. (2019) Fungal Systematics and Evolution: FUSE 5. Sydowia 71: 141–245. https://doi.org/10.1093/sysbio/sys029
Stamatakis, A. (2014) RAxML version 8: a tool for phylogenetic analysis and postanalysis of large phylogenies. Bioinformatics. https://doi.org/10.1093/bioinformatics/btu033
Soop, K., Dima, B., Cooper, J.A., Park, D. & Oertel, B. (2019) A phylogenetic approach to a global supraspecifc taxonomy of Cortinarius (Agaricales) with an emphasis on the southern mycota. Persoonia 42: 261–290. https://doi.org/10.3767/persoonia.2019.42.10
Vellinga, E.C., Sysouphanthong, P. & Hyde, K.D. (2011) The family Agaricaceae: phylogenices and two new white spored genera. Mycologia 103 (3): 494–509. https://doi.org/10.3852/10-204
Vilgalys, R. & Hester, M. (1990) Rapid genetic identification and mapping of enzymatically amplified ribosomal DNA from several Cryptococcus species. Journal of Bacteriology 172 (8): 4238–4246. https://doi.org/10.1128/JB.172.8.4238-4246.1990
Teasdale, S.E., Beulke, A.K., Guy, P.L. & Orlovich, D.A. (2013) Environmental barcoding of the ectomycorrhizal fungal genus Cortinarius. Fungal Diversity 58: 299–310. https://doi.org/10.1007/s13225-012-0218-1
White, T.J, Bruns T, Lee, S.J. & Taylor, J. (1990) Amplification and direct sequencing of fungal ribosomal RNA genes for phylogenetics. PCR protocols: a guide to methods and applications 18 (1): 315–322. https://doi.org/10.1016/B978-0-12-372180-8.50042-1