Abstract
A revision of the genus Lasianthus Jack (Rubiaceae) from Vietnam is here presented. 73 species and four subspecies are recognized, of which three species are described as new to science (L. bachmaensis, L. chii and L. yersinii) and two species are the new record to the flora of the country (L. latifolius and L. viridiramulis). The Vietnamese species are arranged into two sections: sect. Lasianthus and sect. Nudiflorae Hook.f. Eighteen taxa names are reduced to synonymy according to recent studies. Lists of examined specimens, information on the distribution, habitat and ecology, phenology, vernacular names, taxonomic notes and color plates are provided for 77 taxa. Preliminary conservation status assessments are also given for the three species. A key for identifying all Vietnamese Lasianthus species is provided as well.
References
Bachman, S., Moat, J., Hill, A.W., de la Torre, J. & Scott, B. (2011) Supporting Red List threat assessments with GeoCAT: Geospatial conservation assessment tool. ZooKeys 150: 117–126. [http://geocat.kew.org/]
Bakhuizen van den Brink Jr, R.C. (1965) Lasianthus Jack. In: Backer, C.A. & Bakhuizen van den Brink Jr RC (Eds.) Flora of Java 2. Groningen, Noordhoff, pp. 334–343.
Beentje, H. (2010) The Kew Plant Glossary. Kew Publishing, 160 pp.
Blume, C.L. (1823) Catalogus van eenige der merkwaardigste zoo in- als uitheemse gewassen, te vinden in ‘s lands plantentuin te Buitenzorg. Landsdrukkerij, Batavia, 112 pp.
Bremer, B. & Eriksson, T. (2009) Time Tree of Rubiaceae: Phylogeny and Dating the Family, Subfamilies, and Tribes. International Journal of Plant Sciences 170 (6): 766–793. https://doi.org/10.1086/599077
Dang, M.Q., Nguyen, M.H., Hoang, N.S., Le, V.T., Nguyen, T.M.H., Ho, N.Q.C., Truong, B.V. & Dang, V.S. (2022) Two new species of Lasianthus Jack (Rubiaceae) from southern Vietnam. European Journal of Taxonomy 806: 19–31. https://doi.org/10.5852/ejt.2022.806.1697
Dang, V.S., Tagane, S., Toyama, H. & Tran, H. (2015) Lasianthus yaharae (Rubiaceae), a new species from Hon Ba Nature Reserve, southern Vietnam. Annales Botanici Fennici 52: 352–354. https://doi.org/10.5735/085.052.0513
Dang, V.S., Tagane, S., Toyama, H., Naiki, A., Nagamasu, H. & Yahara, T. (2016) Lasianthus honbaensis (Rubiaceae), a new species from southern Vietnam. Annales Botanici Fennici 53: 263–266. https://doi.org/10.5735/085.053.0414
Dang, V.S., Tagane, S., Toyama, H., Nguyen, V.N., Hoang, N.S. & Naiki, A. (2017) A new record Lasianthus cambodianus Pit. (Rubiaceae) for the flora of Vietnam. Journal of Biotechnology 15 (3A): 263–267.
Dang, V.S., Hoang, T.B.N., Pham, V.N., Nguyen, T.M.H., Truong, B.V., Nguyen ,V.T., Hoang, N.S. & Naiki, A. (2019) Diversity of genus Lasianthus Jack (Rubiaceae) from Hon Ba Nature Reserve with one new record for the flora of Vietnam. Vietnam Journal of Forest Science 4: 3–12.
Dang, V.S., Tagane, S., Hoang, N.S., Toyama, H. & Naiki, A. (2019) Lasianthus bidoupensis (Rubiaceae), a new species from southern Vietnam. Annales Botanici Fennici 55: 191–195. https://doi.org/10.5735/085.056.0123
Dang, V.S. & Naiki, A. (2019) Two new species of Lasianthus (Rubiaceae) from Hoang Lien National Park, northern Vietnam. Phytotaxa 423 (1): 33–40. https://doi.org/10.11646/phytotaxa.423.1.4
Dang, V.S. & Naiki, A. (2020) Two new species of Lasianthus (Rubiaceae) from northern Vietnam. Annales Botanici Fennici 57: 49–54. https://doi.org/10.5735/085.057.0106
Deb, D.B. & Gangopadhyay, M. (1991) Taxonomic study of the genus Lasianthus Jack (Rubiaceae) in India. Journal of Economic and Taxonomic Botany 15 (2): 265–308.
Drake, M. (1895) Contribution à la Flore du Tonkin. Journal of Botany 9: 238–240.
Gangopadhyay, M. & Chakrabarty, T. (1992) A note on the status of Lithosanthes Bl. (Rubiaceae). Journal of Economic and Taxonomic Botany 16: 337–338.
Ha, T.D., Bui, H.Q., Tran, T.B., Do, V.H., Nguyen, T.T.H., Bui, T.H., Tagane, S., Oguri, E., Naiki, A. & Dang, V.S. (2020) A new species of Lasianthus (Rubiaceae), L. konchurang, from the Central Highlands of Vietnam. Phytotaxa 451 (2): 161–168. https://doi.org/10.11646/phytotaxa.451.2.6
Hooker, J.D. (1880) Flora of British India 3. London, pp. 178–192.
IUCN Standards and Petitions Committee (2022) Guidelines for Using the IUCN Red List Categories and Criteria. Version 15.1. Prepared by the Standards and Petitions Committee. [https://www.iucnredlist.org/documents/RedListGuidelines.pdf]
Jack, W. (1823) Account of the Lansium and some other genera of Malayan plants. Transactions of the Linnean Society of London 14: 125–126.
Jannerup, P.L. (2006) A revision of the genus Lasianthus (Rubiaceae) in Africa, excluding Madagascar. Nordic Journal of Botany 23: 641–702. [https://onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/10.1111/j.1756-1051.2003.tb00445.x]
Merrill, E.D. (1952) William Jack’s genera and species of Malaysian plants. Journal of the Arnold Arboretum 33: 199–251.
Naiki, A., Tagane, S., Chhang, P., Toyama, H., Zhu, H., Dang, V.S. & Yahara, T. (2015) Flora of Bokor National Park, Cambodia II: four new species and nine new records of Lasianthus (Rubiaceae) from Cambodia. Acta Phytotaxonomica et Geobotanica 66 (3): 153–179. https://doi.org/10.18942/apg.KJ00010115702
Naiki, A., Tagane, S., Nguyen, V.N., Toyama, H. & Yahara, T. (2017) New Localities and Flower Morphology for Lasianthus giganteus (Rubiaceae). Acta Phytotaxonomica et geobotanica 68 (1): 59–62. https://doi.org/10.18942/apg.201614
Napiroon, T., Chayamarit, K., Dawson, S., Till, W. & Balslev, H. (2020) A synopsis of Lasianthus (Lasiantheae, Rubiaceae) in Thailand and two additional new species. Phytotaxa 439 (1): 1?38. https://doi.org/10.11646/phytotaxa.439.1.1
Nguyen, D.H., Dang, M.Q., Le, T.K.N., Quach, V.T.E., Pham, V.N., Le, V.T., Truong, B.V., Naiki, A. & Dang, V.S. (2022) A new species of Lasianthus (Rubiaceae) from Kon Chu Rang Nature Reserve in central highlands of Vietnam. Phytotaxa 541 (3): 291–296. https://doi.org/10.11646/phytotaxa.541.3.9
Pham, H.H. & Nguyen, V.D. (1960) An illustrated flora of southern Vietnam. Vietnam Education Publishing House, pp. 520–521.
Pham, H.H. (1972) An illustrated flora of southern Vietnam, 2nd edition. Vietnam Education Publishing House, pp. 250–256.
Pham, H.H. (1993) An illustrated flora of Vietnam, Book 3, Vol. 2. Montreal, Canada, pp. 248–257.
Pham, H.H. (2000) An illustrated flora of Vietnam, Vol. 3. Youth Publication, Ho Chi Minh City, pp. 202–209.
Pitard, J. (1924) Rubiacées In: Lecomte, P.H., Humbert, H. & Gagnepain, F. (Eds.) Flore générale de l’Indo-Chine 3: 395. Masson, Paris, pp. 20–442.
Ridley, H.N. (1923) The Flora of the Malay Peninsula 2. Reeve L., Co. Ltd, London, pp. 149–169.
Robbrecht, E. (1988) Tropical woody Rubiaceae. Opera Botanica Belgica 1: 132.
Schumann, K. (1891) Rubiaceae. In: Engler, A. & Prantl, K. (Eds.) Die natürlichen Pflanzenfamilien. 4, 4. Engelmann, Leipzig, pp. 1–156.
Thiers, B. (continuously updated) Index Herbariorum: A Global Directory of Public Herbaria and Associated Staff. New York Botanical Garden’s Virtual Herbarium. Available from: http://sweetgum.nybg.org/science/ih/ (accessed 25 February 2022)
Tran, N.N. (2005) Lasianthus Jack. In: Nguyen, T.B. (Eds.) Checklist of plants of Vietnam, Tone 3. The Agricultural Academy Publishing House, Vietnam, pp. 116–121.
Wight, R. (1846) Notes on Indian Botany. Calcutta Journal of Natural History 6: 494–518.
Wong, K.M. (1988) The arborescent Rubiaceae of Malaya: A manual of trees of Malayan Rubiaceae. Forest Research Institute Malaysia, Kuala Lumpur, pp. 1–245.
Zhu, H. (2000) New plants of genus Lasianthus (Rubiaceae) from Vietnam. Acta Botanica Yunnanica 22 (4): 395–398.
Zhu, H. (2001) A taxonomic revision of the genus Lasianthus Jack (Rubiaceae) from Thailand. Acta Phytotaxonomica Sinica 39: 116–150.
Zhu, H. (2002) A revision of the genus Lasianthus (Rubiaceae) from China. Systematics and Geography of Plants 72: 63–110.
Zhu, H. & Roos, M.C. (2002) Three new species of the genus Lasianthus (Rubiaceae) from Vietnam. Blumea 47: 395–401.
Zhu, H. & Taylor, C.M. (2011) Lasianthus. In: Wu, Z.Y., Raven, P.H. & Hong, D.Y. (Eds.) Flora of China, vol. 19. Science Press, Beijing & Missouri Botanical Garden Press, St. Louis, pp. 185–198.
Zhu, H., Roos, M.C. & Ridsdale, C.E. (2012) A taxonomic revision of the Malesian species of Lasianthus (Rubiaceae). Blumea 57: 1–102. https://doi.org/10.3767/000651912X652012
Zhu, H. (2015) Paralasianthus (Rubiaceae), a new genus from Southeast Asia. Phytotaxa 202 (4): 273–278. http://dx.doi.org/10.11646/phytotaxa.202.4.5
Bakhuizen van den Brink Jr, R.C. (1965) Lasianthus Jack. In: Backer, C.A. & Bakhuizen van den Brink Jr RC (Eds.) Flora of Java 2. Groningen, Noordhoff, pp. 334–343.
Beentje, H. (2010) The Kew Plant Glossary. Kew Publishing, 160 pp.
Blume, C.L. (1823) Catalogus van eenige der merkwaardigste zoo in- als uitheemse gewassen, te vinden in ‘s lands plantentuin te Buitenzorg. Landsdrukkerij, Batavia, 112 pp.
Bremer, B. & Eriksson, T. (2009) Time Tree of Rubiaceae: Phylogeny and Dating the Family, Subfamilies, and Tribes. International Journal of Plant Sciences 170 (6): 766–793. https://doi.org/10.1086/599077
Dang, M.Q., Nguyen, M.H., Hoang, N.S., Le, V.T., Nguyen, T.M.H., Ho, N.Q.C., Truong, B.V. & Dang, V.S. (2022) Two new species of Lasianthus Jack (Rubiaceae) from southern Vietnam. European Journal of Taxonomy 806: 19–31. https://doi.org/10.5852/ejt.2022.806.1697
Dang, V.S., Tagane, S., Toyama, H. & Tran, H. (2015) Lasianthus yaharae (Rubiaceae), a new species from Hon Ba Nature Reserve, southern Vietnam. Annales Botanici Fennici 52: 352–354. https://doi.org/10.5735/085.052.0513
Dang, V.S., Tagane, S., Toyama, H., Naiki, A., Nagamasu, H. & Yahara, T. (2016) Lasianthus honbaensis (Rubiaceae), a new species from southern Vietnam. Annales Botanici Fennici 53: 263–266. https://doi.org/10.5735/085.053.0414
Dang, V.S., Tagane, S., Toyama, H., Nguyen, V.N., Hoang, N.S. & Naiki, A. (2017) A new record Lasianthus cambodianus Pit. (Rubiaceae) for the flora of Vietnam. Journal of Biotechnology 15 (3A): 263–267.
Dang, V.S., Hoang, T.B.N., Pham, V.N., Nguyen, T.M.H., Truong, B.V., Nguyen ,V.T., Hoang, N.S. & Naiki, A. (2019) Diversity of genus Lasianthus Jack (Rubiaceae) from Hon Ba Nature Reserve with one new record for the flora of Vietnam. Vietnam Journal of Forest Science 4: 3–12.
Dang, V.S., Tagane, S., Hoang, N.S., Toyama, H. & Naiki, A. (2019) Lasianthus bidoupensis (Rubiaceae), a new species from southern Vietnam. Annales Botanici Fennici 55: 191–195. https://doi.org/10.5735/085.056.0123
Dang, V.S. & Naiki, A. (2019) Two new species of Lasianthus (Rubiaceae) from Hoang Lien National Park, northern Vietnam. Phytotaxa 423 (1): 33–40. https://doi.org/10.11646/phytotaxa.423.1.4
Dang, V.S. & Naiki, A. (2020) Two new species of Lasianthus (Rubiaceae) from northern Vietnam. Annales Botanici Fennici 57: 49–54. https://doi.org/10.5735/085.057.0106
Deb, D.B. & Gangopadhyay, M. (1991) Taxonomic study of the genus Lasianthus Jack (Rubiaceae) in India. Journal of Economic and Taxonomic Botany 15 (2): 265–308.
Drake, M. (1895) Contribution à la Flore du Tonkin. Journal of Botany 9: 238–240.
Gangopadhyay, M. & Chakrabarty, T. (1992) A note on the status of Lithosanthes Bl. (Rubiaceae). Journal of Economic and Taxonomic Botany 16: 337–338.
Ha, T.D., Bui, H.Q., Tran, T.B., Do, V.H., Nguyen, T.T.H., Bui, T.H., Tagane, S., Oguri, E., Naiki, A. & Dang, V.S. (2020) A new species of Lasianthus (Rubiaceae), L. konchurang, from the Central Highlands of Vietnam. Phytotaxa 451 (2): 161–168. https://doi.org/10.11646/phytotaxa.451.2.6
Hooker, J.D. (1880) Flora of British India 3. London, pp. 178–192.
IUCN Standards and Petitions Committee (2022) Guidelines for Using the IUCN Red List Categories and Criteria. Version 15.1. Prepared by the Standards and Petitions Committee. [https://www.iucnredlist.org/documents/RedListGuidelines.pdf]
Jack, W. (1823) Account of the Lansium and some other genera of Malayan plants. Transactions of the Linnean Society of London 14: 125–126.
Jannerup, P.L. (2006) A revision of the genus Lasianthus (Rubiaceae) in Africa, excluding Madagascar. Nordic Journal of Botany 23: 641–702. [https://onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/10.1111/j.1756-1051.2003.tb00445.x]
Merrill, E.D. (1952) William Jack’s genera and species of Malaysian plants. Journal of the Arnold Arboretum 33: 199–251.
Naiki, A., Tagane, S., Chhang, P., Toyama, H., Zhu, H., Dang, V.S. & Yahara, T. (2015) Flora of Bokor National Park, Cambodia II: four new species and nine new records of Lasianthus (Rubiaceae) from Cambodia. Acta Phytotaxonomica et Geobotanica 66 (3): 153–179. https://doi.org/10.18942/apg.KJ00010115702
Naiki, A., Tagane, S., Nguyen, V.N., Toyama, H. & Yahara, T. (2017) New Localities and Flower Morphology for Lasianthus giganteus (Rubiaceae). Acta Phytotaxonomica et geobotanica 68 (1): 59–62. https://doi.org/10.18942/apg.201614
Napiroon, T., Chayamarit, K., Dawson, S., Till, W. & Balslev, H. (2020) A synopsis of Lasianthus (Lasiantheae, Rubiaceae) in Thailand and two additional new species. Phytotaxa 439 (1): 1?38. https://doi.org/10.11646/phytotaxa.439.1.1
Nguyen, D.H., Dang, M.Q., Le, T.K.N., Quach, V.T.E., Pham, V.N., Le, V.T., Truong, B.V., Naiki, A. & Dang, V.S. (2022) A new species of Lasianthus (Rubiaceae) from Kon Chu Rang Nature Reserve in central highlands of Vietnam. Phytotaxa 541 (3): 291–296. https://doi.org/10.11646/phytotaxa.541.3.9
Pham, H.H. & Nguyen, V.D. (1960) An illustrated flora of southern Vietnam. Vietnam Education Publishing House, pp. 520–521.
Pham, H.H. (1972) An illustrated flora of southern Vietnam, 2nd edition. Vietnam Education Publishing House, pp. 250–256.
Pham, H.H. (1993) An illustrated flora of Vietnam, Book 3, Vol. 2. Montreal, Canada, pp. 248–257.
Pham, H.H. (2000) An illustrated flora of Vietnam, Vol. 3. Youth Publication, Ho Chi Minh City, pp. 202–209.
Pitard, J. (1924) Rubiacées In: Lecomte, P.H., Humbert, H. & Gagnepain, F. (Eds.) Flore générale de l’Indo-Chine 3: 395. Masson, Paris, pp. 20–442.
Ridley, H.N. (1923) The Flora of the Malay Peninsula 2. Reeve L., Co. Ltd, London, pp. 149–169.
Robbrecht, E. (1988) Tropical woody Rubiaceae. Opera Botanica Belgica 1: 132.
Schumann, K. (1891) Rubiaceae. In: Engler, A. & Prantl, K. (Eds.) Die natürlichen Pflanzenfamilien. 4, 4. Engelmann, Leipzig, pp. 1–156.
Thiers, B. (continuously updated) Index Herbariorum: A Global Directory of Public Herbaria and Associated Staff. New York Botanical Garden’s Virtual Herbarium. Available from: http://sweetgum.nybg.org/science/ih/ (accessed 25 February 2022)
Tran, N.N. (2005) Lasianthus Jack. In: Nguyen, T.B. (Eds.) Checklist of plants of Vietnam, Tone 3. The Agricultural Academy Publishing House, Vietnam, pp. 116–121.
Wight, R. (1846) Notes on Indian Botany. Calcutta Journal of Natural History 6: 494–518.
Wong, K.M. (1988) The arborescent Rubiaceae of Malaya: A manual of trees of Malayan Rubiaceae. Forest Research Institute Malaysia, Kuala Lumpur, pp. 1–245.
Zhu, H. (2000) New plants of genus Lasianthus (Rubiaceae) from Vietnam. Acta Botanica Yunnanica 22 (4): 395–398.
Zhu, H. (2001) A taxonomic revision of the genus Lasianthus Jack (Rubiaceae) from Thailand. Acta Phytotaxonomica Sinica 39: 116–150.
Zhu, H. (2002) A revision of the genus Lasianthus (Rubiaceae) from China. Systematics and Geography of Plants 72: 63–110.
Zhu, H. & Roos, M.C. (2002) Three new species of the genus Lasianthus (Rubiaceae) from Vietnam. Blumea 47: 395–401.
Zhu, H. & Taylor, C.M. (2011) Lasianthus. In: Wu, Z.Y., Raven, P.H. & Hong, D.Y. (Eds.) Flora of China, vol. 19. Science Press, Beijing & Missouri Botanical Garden Press, St. Louis, pp. 185–198.
Zhu, H., Roos, M.C. & Ridsdale, C.E. (2012) A taxonomic revision of the Malesian species of Lasianthus (Rubiaceae). Blumea 57: 1–102. https://doi.org/10.3767/000651912X652012
Zhu, H. (2015) Paralasianthus (Rubiaceae), a new genus from Southeast Asia. Phytotaxa 202 (4): 273–278. http://dx.doi.org/10.11646/phytotaxa.202.4.5