Abstract
A revision of the genus Lasianthus Jack (Rubiaceae) from Vietnam is here presented. 73 species and four subspecies are recognized, of which three species are described as new to science (L. bachmaensis, L. chii and L. yersinii) and two species are the new record to the flora of the country (L. latifolius and L. viridiramulis). The Vietnamese species are arranged into two sections: sect. Lasianthus and sect. Nudiflorae Hook.f. Eighteen taxa names are reduced to synonymy according to recent studies. Lists of examined specimens, information on the distribution, habitat and ecology, phenology, vernacular names, taxonomic notes and color plates are provided for 77 taxa. Preliminary conservation status assessments are also given for the three species. A key for identifying all Vietnamese Lasianthus species is provided as well.
References
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<p>Bremer, B. & Eriksson, T. (2009) Time Tree of Rubiaceae: Phylogeny and Dating the Family, Subfamilies, and Tribes. <em>International Journal of Plant Sciences</em> 170 (6): 766–793. https://doi.org/10.1086/599077</p>
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<p>Jack, W. (1823) Account of the Lansium and some other genera of Malayan plants. <em>Transactions of the Linnean Society of London</em> 14: 125–126.</p>
<p>Jannerup, P.L. (2006) A revision of the genus <em>Lasianthus </em>(Rubiaceae) in Africa, excluding Madagascar. <em>Nordic Journal of Botany</em> 23: 641–702. [https://onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/10.1111/j.1756-1051.2003.tb00445.x]</p>
<p>Merrill, E.D. (1952) William Jack’s genera and species of Malaysian plants. <em>Journal of the Arnold Arboretum</em> 33: 199–251.</p>
<p>Naiki, A., Tagane, S., Chhang, P., Toyama, H., Zhu, H., Dang, V.S. & Yahara, T. (2015) Flora of Bokor National Park, Cambodia II: four new species and nine new records of <em>Lasianthus </em>(Rubiaceae) from Cambodia. <em>Acta Phytotaxonomica et Geobotanica</em> 66 (3): 153–179. https://doi.org/10.18942/apg.KJ00010115702</p>
<p>Naiki, A., Tagane, S., Nguyen, V.N., Toyama, H. & Yahara, T. (2017) New Localities and Flower Morphology for <em>Lasianthus giganteus </em>(Rubiaceae). <em>Acta Phytotaxonomica et geobotanica</em> 68 (1): 59–62. https://doi.org/10.18942/apg.201614</p>
<p>Napiroon, T., Chayamarit, K., Dawson, S., Till, W. & Balslev, H. (2020) A synopsis of <em>Lasianthus </em>(Lasiantheae, Rubiaceae) in Thailand and two additional new species. <em>Phytotaxa</em> 439 (1): 1‒38. https://doi.org/10.11646/phytotaxa.439.1.1</p>
<p>Nguyen, D.H., Dang, M.Q., Le, T.K.N., Quach, V.T.E., Pham, V.N., Le, V.T., Truong, B.V., Naiki, A. & Dang, V.S. (2022) A new species of <em>Lasianthus </em>(Rubiaceae) from Kon Chu Rang Nature Reserve in central highlands of Vietnam. <em>Phytotaxa </em>541 (3): 291–296. https://doi.org/10.11646/phytotaxa.541.3.9</p>
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<p>Pham, H.H. (2000) <em>An illustrated flora of Vietnam</em>, Vol. 3. Youth Publication, Ho Chi Minh City, pp. 202–209.</p>
<p>Pitard, J. (1924) Rubiacées <em>In:</em> Lecomte, P.H., Humbert, H. & Gagnepain, F. (Eds.) <em>Flore générale de l’Indo-Chine 3</em>: 395. Masson, Paris, pp. 20–442.</p>
<p>Ridley, H.N. (1923) <em>The Flora of the Malay Peninsula </em>2<em>. </em>Reeve L., Co. Ltd, London, pp. 149–169.</p>
<p>Robbrecht, E. (1988) <em>Tropical woody Rubiaceae</em>. <em>Opera Botanica Belgica</em> 1: 132.</p>
<p>Schumann, K. (1891) Rubiaceae. <em>In:</em> Engler, A. & Prantl, K. (Eds.) <em>Die natürlichen Pflanzenfamilien</em>. 4, 4. Engelmann, Leipzig, pp. 1–156.</p>
<p>Thiers, B. (continuously updated) Index Herbariorum: A Global Directory of Public Herbaria and Associated Staff. New York Botanical Garden’s Virtual Herbarium. Available from: http://sweetgum.nybg.org/science/ih/ (accessed 25 February 2022)</p>
<p>Tran, N.N. (2005) <em>Lasianthus</em> Jack. <em>In:</em> Nguyen, T.B. (Eds.) <em>Checklist of plants of Vietnam</em>, Tone 3. The Agricultural Academy Publishing House, Vietnam, pp. 116–121.</p>
<p>Wight, R. (1846) Notes on Indian Botany. <em>Calcutta Journal of Natural History </em>6: 494–518.</p>
<p>Wong, K.M. (1988) <em>The arborescent Rubiaceae of Malaya: A manual of trees of Malayan Rubiaceae</em>. Forest Research Institute Malaysia, Kuala Lumpur, pp. 1–245.</p>
<p>Zhu, H. (2000) New plants of genus <em>Lasianthus </em>(Rubiaceae) from Vietnam. <em>Acta Botanica Yunnanica</em> 22 (4): 395–398.</p>
<p>Zhu, H. (2001) A taxonomic revision of the genus <em>Lasianthus</em> Jack (Rubiaceae) from Thailand. <em>Acta Phytotaxonomica Sinica</em> 39: 116–150.</p>
<p>Zhu, H. (2002) A revision of the genus <em>Lasianthus</em> (Rubiaceae) from China. <em>Systematics and Geography of Plants</em> 72: 63–110.</p>
<p>Zhu, H. & Roos, M.C. (2002) Three new species of the genus <em>Lasianthus</em> (Rubiaceae) from Vietnam. <em>Blumea </em>47: 395–401.</p>
<p>Zhu, H. & Taylor, C.M. (2011) <em>Lasianthus</em>. <em>In:</em> Wu, Z.Y., Raven, P.H. & Hong, D.Y. (Eds.) <em>Flora of China</em>, vol. 19. Science Press, Beijing & Missouri Botanical Garden Press, St. Louis, pp. 185–198.</p>
<p>Zhu, H., Roos, M.C. & Ridsdale, C.E. (2012) A taxonomic revision of the Malesian species of <em>Lasianthus</em> (Rubiaceae). <em>Blumea</em> 57: 1–102. https://doi.org/10.3767/000651912X652012</p>
<p>Zhu, H. (2015) <em>Paralasianthus </em>(Rubiaceae), a new genus from Southeast Asia. <em>Phytotaxa </em>202 (4): 273–278. http://dx.doi.org/10.11646/phytotaxa.202.4.5</p>
<p>Bakhuizen van den Brink Jr, R.C. (1965) <em>Lasianthus </em>Jack. <em>In:</em> Backer, C.A. & Bakhuizen van den Brink Jr RC (Eds.) <em>Flora of Java 2</em>. Groningen, Noordhoff, pp. 334–343.</p>
<p>Beentje, H. (2010) <em>The Kew Plant Glossary</em>. Kew Publishing, 160 pp.</p>
<p>Blume, C.L. (1823) <em>Catalogus van eenige der merkwaardigste zoo in- als uitheemse gewassen, te vinden in ‘s lands plantentuin te Buitenzorg</em>. Landsdrukkerij, Batavia, 112 pp.</p>
<p>Bremer, B. & Eriksson, T. (2009) Time Tree of Rubiaceae: Phylogeny and Dating the Family, Subfamilies, and Tribes. <em>International Journal of Plant Sciences</em> 170 (6): 766–793. https://doi.org/10.1086/599077</p>
<p>Dang, M.Q., Nguyen, M.H., Hoang, N.S., Le, V.T., Nguyen, T.M.H., Ho, N.Q.C., Truong, B.V. & Dang, V.S. (2022) Two new species of <em>Lasianthus </em>Jack (Rubiaceae) from southern Vietnam. <em>European Journal of Taxonomy </em>806: 19–31. https://doi.org/10.5852/ejt.2022.806.1697</p>
<p>Dang, V.S., Tagane, S., Toyama, H. & Tran, H. (2015) <em>Lasianthus yaharae</em> (Rubiaceae), a new species from Hon Ba Nature Reserve, southern Vietnam. <em>Annales Botanici Fennici</em> 52: 352–354. https://doi.org/10.5735/085.052.0513</p>
<p>Dang, V.S., Tagane, S., Toyama, H., Naiki, A., Nagamasu, H. & Yahara, T. (2016) <em>Lasianthus honbaensis</em> (Rubiaceae), a new species from southern Vietnam. <em>Annales Botanici Fennici</em> 53: 263–266. https://doi.org/10.5735/085.053.0414</p>
<p>Dang, V.S., Tagane, S., Toyama, H., Nguyen, V.N., Hoang, N.S. & Naiki, A. (2017) A new record <em>Lasianthus cambodianus</em> Pit. (Rubiaceae) for the flora of Vietnam. <em>Journal of Biotechnology </em>15 (3A): 263–267.</p>
<p>Dang, V.S., Hoang, T.B.N., Pham, V.N., Nguyen, T.M.H., Truong, B.V., Nguyen ,V.T., Hoang, N.S. & Naiki, A. (2019) Diversity of genus <em>Lasianthus </em>Jack (Rubiaceae) from Hon Ba Nature Reserve with one new record for the flora of Vietnam. <em>Vietnam Journal of Forest Science</em> 4: 3–12.</p>
<p>Dang, V.S., Tagane, S., Hoang, N.S., Toyama, H. & Naiki, A. (2019) <em>Lasianthus bidoupensis</em> (Rubiaceae), a new species from southern Vietnam. <em>Annales Botanici Fennici</em> 55: 191–195. https://doi.org/10.5735/085.056.0123</p>
<p>Dang, V.S. & Naiki, A. (2019) Two new species of <em>Lasianthus</em> (Rubiaceae) from Hoang Lien National Park, northern Vietnam. <em>Phytotaxa</em> 423 (1): 33–40. https://doi.org/10.11646/phytotaxa.423.1.4</p>
<p>Dang, V.S. & Naiki, A. (2020) Two new species of <em>Lasianthus</em> (Rubiaceae) from northern Vietnam. <em>Annales Botanici Fennici</em> 57: 49–54. https://doi.org/10.5735/085.057.0106</p>
<p>Deb, D.B. & Gangopadhyay, M. (1991) Taxonomic study of the genus <em>Lasianthus</em> Jack (Rubiaceae) in India. <em>Journal of Economic and Taxonomic Botany</em> 15 (2): 265–308.</p>
<p>Drake, M. (1895) Contribution à la Flore du Tonkin. <em>Journal of Botany</em> 9: 238–240.</p>
<p>Gangopadhyay, M. & Chakrabarty, T. (1992) A note on the status of <em>Lithosanthes</em> Bl. (Rubiaceae). <em>Journal of Economic and Taxonomic Botany</em> 16: 337–338.</p>
<p>Ha, T.D., Bui, H.Q., Tran, T.B., Do, V.H., Nguyen, T.T.H., Bui, T.H., Tagane, S., Oguri, E., Naiki, A. & Dang, V.S. (2020) A new species of <em>Lasianthus </em>(Rubiaceae), <em>L. konchurang</em>, from the Central Highlands of Vietnam. <em>Phytotaxa</em> 451 (2): 161–168. https://doi.org/10.11646/phytotaxa.451.2.6</p>
<p>Hooker, J.D. (1880) <em>Flora of British India 3</em>. London, pp. 178–192.</p>
<p>IUCN Standards and Petitions Committee (2022) Guidelines for Using the IUCN Red List Categories and Criteria. Version 15.1. Prepared by the Standards and Petitions Committee. [https://www.iucnredlist.org/documents/RedListGuidelines.pdf]</p>
<p>Jack, W. (1823) Account of the Lansium and some other genera of Malayan plants. <em>Transactions of the Linnean Society of London</em> 14: 125–126.</p>
<p>Jannerup, P.L. (2006) A revision of the genus <em>Lasianthus </em>(Rubiaceae) in Africa, excluding Madagascar. <em>Nordic Journal of Botany</em> 23: 641–702. [https://onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/10.1111/j.1756-1051.2003.tb00445.x]</p>
<p>Merrill, E.D. (1952) William Jack’s genera and species of Malaysian plants. <em>Journal of the Arnold Arboretum</em> 33: 199–251.</p>
<p>Naiki, A., Tagane, S., Chhang, P., Toyama, H., Zhu, H., Dang, V.S. & Yahara, T. (2015) Flora of Bokor National Park, Cambodia II: four new species and nine new records of <em>Lasianthus </em>(Rubiaceae) from Cambodia. <em>Acta Phytotaxonomica et Geobotanica</em> 66 (3): 153–179. https://doi.org/10.18942/apg.KJ00010115702</p>
<p>Naiki, A., Tagane, S., Nguyen, V.N., Toyama, H. & Yahara, T. (2017) New Localities and Flower Morphology for <em>Lasianthus giganteus </em>(Rubiaceae). <em>Acta Phytotaxonomica et geobotanica</em> 68 (1): 59–62. https://doi.org/10.18942/apg.201614</p>
<p>Napiroon, T., Chayamarit, K., Dawson, S., Till, W. & Balslev, H. (2020) A synopsis of <em>Lasianthus </em>(Lasiantheae, Rubiaceae) in Thailand and two additional new species. <em>Phytotaxa</em> 439 (1): 1‒38. https://doi.org/10.11646/phytotaxa.439.1.1</p>
<p>Nguyen, D.H., Dang, M.Q., Le, T.K.N., Quach, V.T.E., Pham, V.N., Le, V.T., Truong, B.V., Naiki, A. & Dang, V.S. (2022) A new species of <em>Lasianthus </em>(Rubiaceae) from Kon Chu Rang Nature Reserve in central highlands of Vietnam. <em>Phytotaxa </em>541 (3): 291–296. https://doi.org/10.11646/phytotaxa.541.3.9</p>
<p>Pham, H.H. & Nguyen, V.D. (1960) <em>An illustrated flora of southern Vietnam</em>. Vietnam Education Publishing House, pp. 520–521.</p>
<p>Pham, H.H. (1972) <em>An illustrated flora of southern Vietnam</em>, 2nd edition. Vietnam Education Publishing House, pp. 250–256.</p>
<p>Pham, H.H. (1993) <em>An illustrated flora of Vietnam</em>, Book 3, Vol. 2. Montreal, Canada, pp. 248–257.</p>
<p>Pham, H.H. (2000) <em>An illustrated flora of Vietnam</em>, Vol. 3. Youth Publication, Ho Chi Minh City, pp. 202–209.</p>
<p>Pitard, J. (1924) Rubiacées <em>In:</em> Lecomte, P.H., Humbert, H. & Gagnepain, F. (Eds.) <em>Flore générale de l’Indo-Chine 3</em>: 395. Masson, Paris, pp. 20–442.</p>
<p>Ridley, H.N. (1923) <em>The Flora of the Malay Peninsula </em>2<em>. </em>Reeve L., Co. Ltd, London, pp. 149–169.</p>
<p>Robbrecht, E. (1988) <em>Tropical woody Rubiaceae</em>. <em>Opera Botanica Belgica</em> 1: 132.</p>
<p>Schumann, K. (1891) Rubiaceae. <em>In:</em> Engler, A. & Prantl, K. (Eds.) <em>Die natürlichen Pflanzenfamilien</em>. 4, 4. Engelmann, Leipzig, pp. 1–156.</p>
<p>Thiers, B. (continuously updated) Index Herbariorum: A Global Directory of Public Herbaria and Associated Staff. New York Botanical Garden’s Virtual Herbarium. Available from: http://sweetgum.nybg.org/science/ih/ (accessed 25 February 2022)</p>
<p>Tran, N.N. (2005) <em>Lasianthus</em> Jack. <em>In:</em> Nguyen, T.B. (Eds.) <em>Checklist of plants of Vietnam</em>, Tone 3. The Agricultural Academy Publishing House, Vietnam, pp. 116–121.</p>
<p>Wight, R. (1846) Notes on Indian Botany. <em>Calcutta Journal of Natural History </em>6: 494–518.</p>
<p>Wong, K.M. (1988) <em>The arborescent Rubiaceae of Malaya: A manual of trees of Malayan Rubiaceae</em>. Forest Research Institute Malaysia, Kuala Lumpur, pp. 1–245.</p>
<p>Zhu, H. (2000) New plants of genus <em>Lasianthus </em>(Rubiaceae) from Vietnam. <em>Acta Botanica Yunnanica</em> 22 (4): 395–398.</p>
<p>Zhu, H. (2001) A taxonomic revision of the genus <em>Lasianthus</em> Jack (Rubiaceae) from Thailand. <em>Acta Phytotaxonomica Sinica</em> 39: 116–150.</p>
<p>Zhu, H. (2002) A revision of the genus <em>Lasianthus</em> (Rubiaceae) from China. <em>Systematics and Geography of Plants</em> 72: 63–110.</p>
<p>Zhu, H. & Roos, M.C. (2002) Three new species of the genus <em>Lasianthus</em> (Rubiaceae) from Vietnam. <em>Blumea </em>47: 395–401.</p>
<p>Zhu, H. & Taylor, C.M. (2011) <em>Lasianthus</em>. <em>In:</em> Wu, Z.Y., Raven, P.H. & Hong, D.Y. (Eds.) <em>Flora of China</em>, vol. 19. Science Press, Beijing & Missouri Botanical Garden Press, St. Louis, pp. 185–198.</p>
<p>Zhu, H., Roos, M.C. & Ridsdale, C.E. (2012) A taxonomic revision of the Malesian species of <em>Lasianthus</em> (Rubiaceae). <em>Blumea</em> 57: 1–102. https://doi.org/10.3767/000651912X652012</p>
<p>Zhu, H. (2015) <em>Paralasianthus </em>(Rubiaceae), a new genus from Southeast Asia. <em>Phytotaxa </em>202 (4): 273–278. http://dx.doi.org/10.11646/phytotaxa.202.4.5</p>