Abstract
Chusquea is the richest genus of Neotropical bamboos, occurring from Mexico to Argentina and Brazil, with 198 accepted species. In Brazil, 49 members of this genus have been recorded, with the Eastern region being its main center of diversity, especially in the states of Bahia, Minas Gerais, and Rio de Janeiro. The Espinhaço Range, found within this region, is considered the largest mountain complex in Brazil, including campo rupestre, caatinga, and cerrado vegetation types and transitional types among these, which explains the particular plant diversity of this region. Our recent taxonomic studies on Brazilian Chusquea subg. Chusquea indicated the presence of a new species herein described and illustrated, named C. calderoniae. It is morphologically related to the C. meyeriana informal group, being most similar to C. attenuata, but differing by the shape of the central bud and the length of the spikelet structures. The new species is endemic to the Espinhaço Range, occurring in riparian forest on the flanks of Pico das Almas, Chapada Diamantina, Bahia, and the Diamantina Plateau in Minas Gerais state, associated to campo rupestre vegetation, in contrast to C. attenuata, which occurs in the Atlantic rainforest in the states of Minas Gerais and Rio de Janeiro.
References
<p>Andrade, R.S., Pianissola, E.M., Vidal, K.V.A., Mota, A.C., Clark, L.G. & Oliveira, R.P. (2019) <em>Chusquea parviligulata </em>(Poaceae: Bambusoideae: Bambuseae): a new species of <em>C. </em>subg. <em>Chusquea </em>endemic to the Atlantic rainforest of Bahia, Brazil. <em>Phytotaxa</em> 405 (1): 27–36. https://doi.org/10.11646/phytotaxa.405.1.3</p>
<p>Attigala, L., Fuentes, A.F. & Clark, L.G. (2017) <em>Chusquea </em>sect. <em>Tenellae </em>(Bambusoideae, Poaceae), a taxonomic revision of a new section from South America. <em>Phytotaxa </em>324 (3): 239–265. https://doi.org/10.11646/phytotaxa.324.3.2</p>
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<p>Campos, L., Guedes, M.L.S., Acevedo-Rodríguez, P. & Roque, N. (2017) Contributions to the floristic and vegetation knowledge of Espinhaço Septentrional, Bahia, Brazil. <em>Brazilian. Journal of Botany </em>40: 427–437.</p>
<p> https://doi.org/10.1007/s40415-016-0347-y</p>
<p>Clark, L.G. (1989) Systematics of <em>Chusquea</em> sect. <em>Swallenochloa</em>, sect. <em>Verticillatae</em>, sect. <em>Serpentes</em>, and sect. <em>Longifoliae </em>(Poaceae: Bambusoideae). <em>Systematic Botany Monographs </em>27: 1–127. https://dx.doi.org/10.2307/25027724</p>
<p>Clark, L.G. (1990) <em>Chusquea </em>sect. <em>Longiprophyllae </em>(Poaceae: Bambusoideae): a new Andean section and new species. <em>Systematic Botany</em> 15: 617–634. https://doi.org/10.2307/2419158</p>
<p>Clark, L.G. (1992) <em>Chusquea</em> sect. <em>Swallenochloa</em> (Poaceae: Bambusoideae) and allies in Brazil. <em>Brittonia</em> 44: 387–422. https://dx.doi.org/10.2307/2807190</p>
<p>Clark, L.G. (1993) Five new species of <em>Chusquea</em> (Poaceae: Bambusoideae) and a new combination. <em>Novon</em> 3: 228–238. https://dx.doi.org/10.2307/3391459</p>
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<p>Clark, L.G. (2004) New species of <em>Aulonemia</em> and <em>Chusquea</em> (Poaceae: Bambusoideae: Bambuseae) from southeastern Brazil. <em>Revista Brasileira de Botânica</em> 27: 31–36. https://dx.doi.org/10.1590/S0100-84042004000100004</p>
<p>Clark, L.G., Judziewicz, E.J., Londoño, X. & Filgueiras, T. (2008) Cleofé E. Calderón (1929–2007). <em>Bamboo Science and Culture</em> 21: 1–8.</p>
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<p>CNCFlora. <em>Chusquea attenuata</em> in Lista Vermelha da florare brasileira versão 2012.2 Centro Nacional de Conservação da Flora. Available from: http://cncflora.jbrj.gov.br/portal/pt-br/profile/Chusquea attenuata (accessed 10 June 2022)</p>
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<p>ESRI (2008) <em>ArcMap version 9.3. </em>Environmental Systems Research Institute, California.</p>
<p>Fisher, A.E., Triplett, J.K., Ho, C., Schiller, A.D., Oltrogge, K.A., Schroder, E.S., Kelchner, S.A. & Clark, L.G. (2009) Paraphyly in the bamboo subtribe Chusqueinae (Poaceae: Bambusoideae), and a revised infrageneric classification for <em>Chusquea</em>. <em>Systematic Botany </em>34: 673–683. https://dx.doi.org/10.1600/036364409790139790</p>
<p>Fisher, A.E., Clark, L.G. & Kelchner, S.A. (2014) Molecular phylogeny estimation of the bamboo genus <em>Chusquea</em> (Poaceae: Bambusoideae: Bambuseae) and description of two new subgenera. <em>Systematic Botany</em> 39: 829–844. https://dx.doi.org/10.1600/036364414X681554</p>
<p>Giulietti, A.M. & Pirani, J.R. (1988) Patterns of geographical distribution of some plant species from Espinhaço range, Minas Gerais and Bahia, Brazil. <em>In:</em> Vanzolini, P.E. & Heyer, W.R. (Eds.) <em>Proceedings of a workshop on Neotropical distribution patterns. </em>Academia Brasileira de Ciências, Rio de Janeiro, pp. 39–69.</p>
<p>Giulietti, A.M., Menezes, N.L., Pirani, J.R., Meguro, M. & Wanderley, M.G.L. (1987) Flora da Serra do Cipó, Minas Gerais: caracterização e lista das espécies. <em>Boletim de Botânica da Universidade de São Paulo </em>9: 1–151.</p>
<p>Giulietti, A.M., Pirani, J.R. & Harley, R.M. (1997) Espinhaço Range region, eastern Brazil.<em> In:</em> Davis, S.D., Heywood, V.H., Herrera-Macbryde, O., Villa-Lobos, J. & Hamilton, A.C. (Eds.) <em>Centers of plant diversity: a guide and strategy for their conservation</em>, vol. 3. Information Press Oxford, Cambridge, pp. 397–404.</p>
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<p>Judziewicz, E.J., Clark, L.G., Londoño, X. & Stern, M.J. (1999) <em>American Bamboos</em>. Smithsonian Institution Press, Washington D.C., 392 pp.</p>
<p>Kunth, K.S. (1822) Sur le genre <em>Bambusa</em>. <em>Journal de Physique, de Chimie, d’Histoire Naturelle et des Arts</em> 95: 148–151.</p>
<p>McClure, F.A. (1973) Genera of bamboos native to the New World (Gramineae: Bambusoideae). <em>Smithsonian Contributions to Botany </em>9: 1–148. https://doi.org/10.5479/si.0081024X.9</p>
<p>McMurchie, E.K., Peterson, B.J., Leandro, T.D., Londoño, X. & Clark, L.G. (2022) A revision of <em>Chusquea</em> sect. <em>Serpentes</em> (Bambuseae, Bambusoideae, Poaceae), including two new species from South America. <em>Systematic Botany</em> 47: 363–396. https://doi.org/10.1600/036364422X16512572275007</p>
<p>Mota, A.C., Oliveira, R.P. & Clark, L.G. (2013) <em>Chusquea clemirae </em>(Bambusoideae, Poaceae): a new woody bamboo from the Montane Atlantic Rainforest of Bahia state, Brazil. <em>Systematic Botany</em> 38: 92–96. https://dx.doi.org/10.1600/036364413X661962</p>
<p>Nees, C.G.D. (1835) Bambuseae brasilienses. <em>Linnaea </em>9: 461–494.</p>
<p>Radford, A.E., Dickinson, W.C., Massey, J.R. & Bell, C.R. (1974) <em>Vascular plant systematics.</em> Harper & Row, New York, 891 pp.</p>
<p>Rapini, A., Ribeiro, P.L., Lambert, S. & Pirani, J.R. (2008) A flora dos campos rupestres da Cadeia do Espinhaço. <em>Megadiversidade</em> 4: 15–23.</p>
<p>Ruiz-Sanchez, E., Tyrrell, C.D., Londoño, X., Oliveira, R.P. & Clark, L.G. (2021a) Diversity, distribution, and classification of Neotropical woody bamboos (Poaceae: Bambusoideae) in the 21st Century. <em>Botanical Sciences </em>99: 198–228. https://dx.doi.org/10.17129/botsci.2722</p>
<p>Ruiz-Sanchez, E., Romero-Guzman, R., Flores-Argüelles, A., Ortiz-Brunel, J.P. & Clark L.G. (2021b) <em>Chusquea contrerasii </em>and <em>C. guzmanii </em>(Poaceae, Bambusoideae, Bambuseae, Chusqueinae), two new endemic species from Jalisco, Mexico. <em>Phytotaxa </em>497 (3): 285–297. https://doi.org/10.11646/phytotaxa.497.3.7</p>
<p>Ruiz-Sanchez, E., Mejia-Saulés, M.T. & Clark, L.G. (2022) A new species of <em>Chusquea</em> sect. <em>Serpentes</em> (Poaceae: Bambusoideae: Bambuseae: Chusqueinae) endemic to Oaxaca, Mexico. <em>Phytotaxa</em> 542 (2): 199–206. https://doi.org/10.11646/phytotaxa.542.2.7</p>
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<p>Attigala, L., Fuentes, A.F. & Clark, L.G. (2017) <em>Chusquea </em>sect. <em>Tenellae </em>(Bambusoideae, Poaceae), a taxonomic revision of a new section from South America. <em>Phytotaxa </em>324 (3): 239–265. https://doi.org/10.11646/phytotaxa.324.3.2</p>
<p>Bachman, S., Moat, J., Hill, A.W., de la Torre, J. & Scott, B. (2011) Supporting Red List threat assessments with GeoCAT: geospatial conservation assessment tool. <em>ZooKeys</em> 150: 117–126. https://doi.org/10.3897/zookeys.150.2109</p>
<p>Campos, L., Guedes, M.L.S., Acevedo-Rodríguez, P. & Roque, N. (2017) Contributions to the floristic and vegetation knowledge of Espinhaço Septentrional, Bahia, Brazil. <em>Brazilian. Journal of Botany </em>40: 427–437.</p>
<p> https://doi.org/10.1007/s40415-016-0347-y</p>
<p>Clark, L.G. (1989) Systematics of <em>Chusquea</em> sect. <em>Swallenochloa</em>, sect. <em>Verticillatae</em>, sect. <em>Serpentes</em>, and sect. <em>Longifoliae </em>(Poaceae: Bambusoideae). <em>Systematic Botany Monographs </em>27: 1–127. https://dx.doi.org/10.2307/25027724</p>
<p>Clark, L.G. (1990) <em>Chusquea </em>sect. <em>Longiprophyllae </em>(Poaceae: Bambusoideae): a new Andean section and new species. <em>Systematic Botany</em> 15: 617–634. https://doi.org/10.2307/2419158</p>
<p>Clark, L.G. (1992) <em>Chusquea</em> sect. <em>Swallenochloa</em> (Poaceae: Bambusoideae) and allies in Brazil. <em>Brittonia</em> 44: 387–422. https://dx.doi.org/10.2307/2807190</p>
<p>Clark, L.G. (1993) Five new species of <em>Chusquea</em> (Poaceae: Bambusoideae) and a new combination. <em>Novon</em> 3: 228–238. https://dx.doi.org/10.2307/3391459</p>
<p>Clark, L.G. (1997) Diversity, biogeography, and evolution in <em>Chusquea </em>(Poaceae: Bambusoideae). <em>In:</em> Chapman, G. (Ed.) <em>The Bamboos.</em> Academic Press, London, pp. 33–44.</p>
<p>Clark, L.G. (2004) New species of <em>Aulonemia</em> and <em>Chusquea</em> (Poaceae: Bambusoideae: Bambuseae) from southeastern Brazil. <em>Revista Brasileira de Botânica</em> 27: 31–36. https://dx.doi.org/10.1590/S0100-84042004000100004</p>
<p>Clark, L.G., Judziewicz, E.J., Londoño, X. & Filgueiras, T. (2008) Cleofé E. Calderón (1929–2007). <em>Bamboo Science and Culture</em> 21: 1–8.</p>
<p>Clark, L.G., Londoño, X. & Ruiz-Sanchez, E. (2015) Bamboo taxonomy and habitat. <em>In:</em> Liese, W. & Köhl, M. (Eds.) <em>Bamboo: the plant and its uses</em>. Springer, Switzerland, pp. 1–30. https://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-3-319-14133-6_1</p>
<p>Clark, L.G., Machado, E.P., Vidal, K.V.A., Mota, A.C. & Oliveira, R.P. (2020) <em>Chusquea</em>. <em>In:</em> <em>Flora do Brasil 2020</em>. Jardim Botânico do Rio de Janeiro, Rio de Janeiro. Available from: http://floradobrasil.jbrj.gov.br/reflora/floradobrasil/FB13085 (accessed 10 June 2022)</p>
<p>Clark, L.G., Vidal, K.V.A., Oliveira, R.P. & Leandro, T.D. (2022) A new species of <em>Chusquea</em> (Poaceae: Bambusoideae: Bambuseae) in the <em>C</em>. <em>meyeriana</em> informal group from southeastern Brazil. <em>Brazilian Journal of Botany</em> 45: 1249–1260. https://doi.org/10.1007/s40415-022-00838-9</p>
<p>CNCFlora. <em>Chusquea attenuata</em> in Lista Vermelha da florare brasileira versão 2012.2 Centro Nacional de Conservação da Flora. Available from: http://cncflora.jbrj.gov.br/portal/pt-br/profile/Chusquea attenuata (accessed 10 June 2022)</p>
<p>Colli-Silva, M., Vasconcelos, T.N.C. & Pirani, J.R. (2019) Outstanding plant endemism levels strongly support the recognition of <em>campo rupestre</em> provinces in mountaintops of eastern South America. <em>Journal of Biogeography</em> 46: 1723–1733. https://doi.org/10.1111/jbi.13585</p>
<p>Döll, J.C. (1880) Gramineae III. Bambusaceae, Hordeaceae. <em>In: </em>Martius, C.F.P. & Eichler, A.G. (Eds.) <em>Flora Brasiliensis</em>, vol. 2, pt. 3. F. Fleischer, Munich & Leipzig, pp. 161–220. https://dx.doi.org/10.5962/bhl.title.454</p>
<p>ESRI (2008) <em>ArcMap version 9.3. </em>Environmental Systems Research Institute, California.</p>
<p>Fisher, A.E., Triplett, J.K., Ho, C., Schiller, A.D., Oltrogge, K.A., Schroder, E.S., Kelchner, S.A. & Clark, L.G. (2009) Paraphyly in the bamboo subtribe Chusqueinae (Poaceae: Bambusoideae), and a revised infrageneric classification for <em>Chusquea</em>. <em>Systematic Botany </em>34: 673–683. https://dx.doi.org/10.1600/036364409790139790</p>
<p>Fisher, A.E., Clark, L.G. & Kelchner, S.A. (2014) Molecular phylogeny estimation of the bamboo genus <em>Chusquea</em> (Poaceae: Bambusoideae: Bambuseae) and description of two new subgenera. <em>Systematic Botany</em> 39: 829–844. https://dx.doi.org/10.1600/036364414X681554</p>
<p>Giulietti, A.M. & Pirani, J.R. (1988) Patterns of geographical distribution of some plant species from Espinhaço range, Minas Gerais and Bahia, Brazil. <em>In:</em> Vanzolini, P.E. & Heyer, W.R. (Eds.) <em>Proceedings of a workshop on Neotropical distribution patterns. </em>Academia Brasileira de Ciências, Rio de Janeiro, pp. 39–69.</p>
<p>Giulietti, A.M., Menezes, N.L., Pirani, J.R., Meguro, M. & Wanderley, M.G.L. (1987) Flora da Serra do Cipó, Minas Gerais: caracterização e lista das espécies. <em>Boletim de Botânica da Universidade de São Paulo </em>9: 1–151.</p>
<p>Giulietti, A.M., Pirani, J.R. & Harley, R.M. (1997) Espinhaço Range region, eastern Brazil.<em> In:</em> Davis, S.D., Heywood, V.H., Herrera-Macbryde, O., Villa-Lobos, J. & Hamilton, A.C. (Eds.) <em>Centers of plant diversity: a guide and strategy for their conservation</em>, vol. 3. Information Press Oxford, Cambridge, pp. 397–404.</p>
<p>IUCN Standards and Petitions Committee (2022) <em>Guidelines for using the IUCN Red List categories and criteria</em>, version 15.1. Available from: http://www.iucnredlist.org/documents/RedListGuidelines.pdf (accessed 15 August 2022)</p>
<p>Judziewicz, E.J., Clark, L.G., Londoño, X. & Stern, M.J. (1999) <em>American Bamboos</em>. Smithsonian Institution Press, Washington D.C., 392 pp.</p>
<p>Kunth, K.S. (1822) Sur le genre <em>Bambusa</em>. <em>Journal de Physique, de Chimie, d’Histoire Naturelle et des Arts</em> 95: 148–151.</p>
<p>McClure, F.A. (1973) Genera of bamboos native to the New World (Gramineae: Bambusoideae). <em>Smithsonian Contributions to Botany </em>9: 1–148. https://doi.org/10.5479/si.0081024X.9</p>
<p>McMurchie, E.K., Peterson, B.J., Leandro, T.D., Londoño, X. & Clark, L.G. (2022) A revision of <em>Chusquea</em> sect. <em>Serpentes</em> (Bambuseae, Bambusoideae, Poaceae), including two new species from South America. <em>Systematic Botany</em> 47: 363–396. https://doi.org/10.1600/036364422X16512572275007</p>
<p>Mota, A.C., Oliveira, R.P. & Clark, L.G. (2013) <em>Chusquea clemirae </em>(Bambusoideae, Poaceae): a new woody bamboo from the Montane Atlantic Rainforest of Bahia state, Brazil. <em>Systematic Botany</em> 38: 92–96. https://dx.doi.org/10.1600/036364413X661962</p>
<p>Nees, C.G.D. (1835) Bambuseae brasilienses. <em>Linnaea </em>9: 461–494.</p>
<p>Radford, A.E., Dickinson, W.C., Massey, J.R. & Bell, C.R. (1974) <em>Vascular plant systematics.</em> Harper & Row, New York, 891 pp.</p>
<p>Rapini, A., Ribeiro, P.L., Lambert, S. & Pirani, J.R. (2008) A flora dos campos rupestres da Cadeia do Espinhaço. <em>Megadiversidade</em> 4: 15–23.</p>
<p>Ruiz-Sanchez, E., Tyrrell, C.D., Londoño, X., Oliveira, R.P. & Clark, L.G. (2021a) Diversity, distribution, and classification of Neotropical woody bamboos (Poaceae: Bambusoideae) in the 21st Century. <em>Botanical Sciences </em>99: 198–228. https://dx.doi.org/10.17129/botsci.2722</p>
<p>Ruiz-Sanchez, E., Romero-Guzman, R., Flores-Argüelles, A., Ortiz-Brunel, J.P. & Clark L.G. (2021b) <em>Chusquea contrerasii </em>and <em>C. guzmanii </em>(Poaceae, Bambusoideae, Bambuseae, Chusqueinae), two new endemic species from Jalisco, Mexico. <em>Phytotaxa </em>497 (3): 285–297. https://doi.org/10.11646/phytotaxa.497.3.7</p>
<p>Ruiz-Sanchez, E., Mejia-Saulés, M.T. & Clark, L.G. (2022) A new species of <em>Chusquea</em> sect. <em>Serpentes</em> (Poaceae: Bambusoideae: Bambuseae: Chusqueinae) endemic to Oaxaca, Mexico. <em>Phytotaxa</em> 542 (2): 199–206. https://doi.org/10.11646/phytotaxa.542.2.7</p>
<p>Soderstrom, T.R. & Young, S.M. (1983) A guide to collecting bamboos<em>. Annals of the Missouri Botanical Garden </em>70: 128–136. https://doi.org/10.2307/2399010</p>
<p>Stearn, W.T. (2010) <em>Botanical Latin</em>. Timber Press, Portland, 546 pp.</p>
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