Abstract
Hygrophorus viridiflavidus, a new species from Shanxi Province in northern China, belonging to subgenus Colorati, section Limacini, is proposed in this study based on morphology and molecular systematics. Hygrophorus viridiflavidus is similar and closely related to H. glutinifer, but can be distinguished from the latter by its shorter and narrower basidia (35.0–46.5 × 8.0–10.5μm). Morphological characteristics and ITS-phylogeny support Hygrophorus viridiflavidus as a distinct species.
References
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<p>Arnolds, E. (1990) Genus <em>Hygrophorus</em>. <em>Flora Agaricina Neerlandica</em> 2: 115–133.</p>
<p>Arnolds, E. (1979) Notes on <em>Hygrophorus</em>—III. The group of <em>Hygrophorus</em> <em>olivaceoalbus</em> (<em>Hygrophorus</em> subsect. <em>Olivaceoumbrini</em> bat.) in north-western Europe. <em>Persoonia</em> 10: 357–382.</p>
<p>Bellanger, J.M., Lebeuf, R., Sesli, E., Loizides, M., Schwarz, C., Moreau, P.A., Liimatainen, K. & Larsson, E. (2021) <em>Hygrophorus</em> sect. <em>Olivaceoumbrini</em>: new boundaries, extended biogeography and unexpected diversity unravelled by transatlantic studies. <em>Persoonia</em> 46: 272–312. https://doi.org/10.3767/persoonia.2021.46.10</p>
<p>Blume. (1850) <em>Museum botanicum</em> 1 (19): 297.</p>
<p>Blume. (1851) <em>Museum botanicum</em> 1: 298.</p>
<p>Calonge, F.D. & Martin, M.P. (2000) Morphological and molecular data on the taxonomy of <em>Gymnomyces</em>, <em>Martellia</em> and <em>Zelleromyces</em> (<em>Russulales</em>). <em>Mycotaxon</em> 76: 9–15. https://doi.org/10.1017/S095375620000335X</p>
<p>Chen, J.L. & Li, T.H. (2013) The Checklist of Species in <em>Hygrophoraceae</em> from China and Their Distribution. <em>Journal of Fungal Research</em> 11 (1): 3–11.</p>
<p>Craig, A.J., Woods, S. & Hoeksema, J.D. (2016) Influences of host plant identity and disturbance on spatial structure and community composition of ectomycorrhizal fungi in a northern Mississippi uplands ecosystem. <em>Fungal Ecology</em> 24: 7–14. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.funeco.2016.08.007</p>
<p>Franch. (1884) <em>Nouvelles archives du Muséum d’histoire naturelle sér</em>. 2 7: 95.</p>
<p>Franco. (1949) <em>Portugaliae Acta Biologica. Série B. Sistemática, Julio Henriques</em>: 33.</p>
<p>Fries, E.M. (1836a) <em>Corpus Florarum provincialium sueciae</em>. l. Floram Scanicam, Uppsala, 394 pp.</p>
<p>Fries, E.M. (1836b) <em>Anteckningar öfver de i Sverige växande ätliga svampar</em>, 98 pp.</p>
<p>Fries, E.M. (1838) Epicrisis systematis mycologici seu synopsis Hymenomycetum, Uppsala.Gardes, M. & Bruns, T.D. (1993) ITS primers with enhanced specificity for <em>basidiomycetes </em>– application to the identification of mycorrhizae and rusts. <em>Molecular Ecology</em> 2 (2): 113–118. https://doi.org/10.1111/j.1365-294X.1993.tb00005.x</p>
<p>Groves, J.W., Hesler, L.R. & Smith, A.H. (1963) North American species of <em>Hygrophorus</em>. <em>Mycologia</em> 55 (4): 532–534. https://doi.org/10.2307/3756347</p>
<p>Hall, T.A. (1999) BioEdit: A user-friendly biological sequence alignment editor and analysis program for Windows 95/98/NT. <em>Nucleic Acids Symposium Series</em> 41: 95–98. https://doi.org/10.1021/bk-1999-0734.ch008</p>
<p>Halling, R.E. & Mueller, G.M.M. (2005) Common Mushrooms of the Talamanca Mountains, Costa Rica. <em>Memoirs of the New York Botanical Garden</em> 90: 1–195</p>
<p>Hance. (1869) <em>The Journal of the Linnean Society</em>.<em> Botany</em> 10: 203.</p>
<p>Hesler, L.R. & Smith A.H. (1963) North American species of <em>Hygrophorus</em>. University of Tennessee Press, Knoxville, 416 pp.</p>
<p>Hillis, D.M. & Bull, J.J. (1993) An empirical test of bootstrapping as a method for assessing confidence in phylogenetic analysis. <em>Systematic Biology</em> 42 (2): 182–192. https://doi.org/10.1093/sysbio/42.2.182</p>
<p>Huang, H.Y., Yang, S.D., Zeng, N.K., Zhang, G.L. & Tang, L.P. (2018) <em>Hygrophorus parvirussula </em>sp. nov. a new edible mushroom from southwestern China. <em>Phytotaxa</em> 373 (2): 139. https://doi.org/10.11646/phytotaxa.373.2.4</p>
<p>Huang, H.Y., Zhang, W.H., Huang, T., Gabriel, M. & Tang, L.P. (2021a) <em>Hygrophorus</em> <em>russula</em> complex (<em>Hygrophoraceae</em>, <em>Agaricales</em>) in China. <em>Mycological Progress</em> 20 (9): 1115–1134. https://doi.org/10.21203/rs.3.rs-190507/v1</p>
<p>Huang, H.Y., Zhang, W.H., Huang, T. & Tang, L.P. (2021b) <em>Hygrophorus</em> <em>aurantiosquamosus</em> (<em>Hygrophoraceae</em>, <em>Agaricales</em>), a new species of <em>Hygrophorus</em> section <em>Chrysodontes</em> from western China. <em>Phytotaxa</em> 528 (5): 279–289. https://doi.org/10.11646/phytotaxa.528.5.2</p>
<p>Huang, H.Y., Zhang, W.H., Huang, T., Jiang, S., Hao, Y.J., Mu, M. & Tang, L.P. (2022a) Revising the species diversity of <em>Hygrophorus</em> section <em>Olivaceoumbrini </em>s.l. (<em>Hygrophoraceae</em>, <em>Agaricales</em>) in China. <em>Mycological Progress:</em> 21. https://doi.org/10.1007/s11557-022-01789-x</p>
<p>Huang, H.Y., Zhang, W.H., Huang, T., Gabriel M., Pu, Y.J., Fan, Y.G., Yang, S.D., Liu, T.Z. & Tang, L.P. (2022b) Phylogeny and species diversity in <em>Hygrophorus</em> section <em>Aurei</em> in China. <em>Mycological Progress: </em>21. https://doi.org/10.1007/s11557-022-01825-w</p>
<p>Katoh, K. & Standley, D.M. (2013) MAFFT multiple sequence alignment software version 7: improvements in performance and usability.<em> Molecular Biology and Evolution</em> 30: 772–780. https://doi.org/10.1093/molbev/mst010</p>
<p>Kirk, P.M., Cannon, P.F. & Stalpers, J.A. (2008) <em>Dictionary of the Fungi</em>: 10th edition. CABI, 771pp.</p>
<p>Kummer, P. (1871) <em>Der Führer in die Pilzkunde</em>. C. Luppe, Zerbst.</p>
<p>Larsson, E. & Jacobsson, S. (2004) Controversy over <em>Hygrophorus cossus</em> settled using its sequence data from 200 year-old type material. <em>Mycological Research</em> 108 (7): 781–786. https://doi.org/10.1017/S0953756204000310</p>
<p>Larsson, E., Campo, E. & Carbone, M. (2014) <em>Hygrophorus exiguus</em>, a new species in subgenus <em>Colorati</em> section <em>Olivaceoumbrini</em>, subsection <em>Tephroleuc</em>i. <em>Karstenia</em> 54 (2): 41–48. https://doi.org/10.29203/ka.2014.462</p>
<p>Larsson, E., Kleine, J., Jacobsson, S. & Krikorev, M. (2018) Diversity within the <em>Hygrophorus agathosmus</em> group (<em>Basidiomycota</em>, <em>Agaricales</em>) in northern Europe. <em>Mycological Progress</em>. 17 (12): 1293–1304. https://doi.org/10.1007/s11557-018-1445-y</p>
<p>Lodge, D.J., Padamsee, M., Matheny, P.B., Aime, M.C., Cantrell, S.A., Boertmann, D., Kovalenko, A., Vizzini, A., Dentinger, B.T.M., Kirk, P.M., Ainsworth, A.M., Moncalvo, J.M., Vilgalys, R., Larsson, E., Lücking, R., Grifth, G.W., Smith, M.E., Norvell, L.L., Desjardin, D.E., Redhead, S.A., Ovrebo, C.L., Lickey, E.B., Ercole, E., Hughes, K.W., Courtecuisse, R., Young, A., Binder, M., Minnis, A.M., Lindner, D.L., Ortiz-Santana, B., Haight, J., Læssøe, T., Baroni, T.J., Geml, J. & Hattori, T. (2014) Molecular phylogeny, morphology, pigment chemistry and ecology in <em>Hygrophoraceae</em> (<em>Agaricales</em>). <em>Fungal Diversity</em> 64: 1–99. https://doi.org/10.1007/s13225-013-0259-0</p>
<p>Marino, E.D. (2008) The ectomycorrhizal community structure in beech coppices of different age. <em>Ludwig Maximilians Universität München</em>: 84–112.</p>
<p>Moreau, P.A., Bellanger, J.M., Lebeuf, R., Athanassiou, Z., Athanasiades, A., Lambert, H., Schwarz, C. & Loizides, M. (2018) Hidden diversity uncovered in <em>Hygrophorus</em> sect. <em>Aurei</em> (<em>Hygrophoraceae</em>), including the mediterranean <em>H</em>. <em>meridionalis</em> and the north American <em>H</em>. <em>boyeri</em>, spp. nov. <em>Fungal Biology</em>: S1878614618300783. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.funbio.2018.04.009</p>
<p>Morris, M.H., Perez-Perez, M.A., Smith, M.E. & Bledsoe, C.S. (2009) Influence of host species on ectomycorrhizal communities associated with two co-occurring oaks (<em>Quercus</em> spp.) in a tropical cloud forest. <em>FEMS Microbiology Ecology</em> 69 (2): 274–287. https://doi.org/10.1111/j.1574-6941.2009.00704.x</p>
<p>Nylander, J. (2004) MrModeltest 2.2. Computer software distributed by the University of Uppsala. Sweden: Evolutionary Biology Centre.</p>
<p>Page, R.D. (2001) TreeView. Glasgow University, Glasgow.</p>
<p>Peck, C.H. (1902) <em>Annual Report on the New York State Museum of Natural History</em> 54: 929–984.</p>
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