Abstract
A novel species of Ceropegia sect. Bowkerianae (Apocynaceae: Asclepiadoideae-Ceropegieae-Stapeliinae), C. stylesii, is described from Ngome in northern KwaZulu-Natal, South Africa. This new species is vegetatively similar to C. gerrardii. The rotate non-trapping flowers of C. stylesii superficially appear to be miniature versions of a dark-flowered form of C. gerrardii, with which it is sympatric. Ceropegia stylesii is exceptionally rare with fewer than 10 individuals observed at two localities; its habitat is under anthropogenic threat. Ceropegia stylesii is considered as Critically Endangered (CR) according to IUCN criteria.
References
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Bruyns, P., Klak, C. & Haná?ek, P. (2015) Recent radiation of Brachystelma and Ceropegia (Apocynaceae) across the Old World against a background of climatic change. Molecular Phylogenetics and Evolution 90: 49–66. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.ympev.2015.04.015
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Dyer, R. (1977) Asclepiadaceae. Bothalia 12 (2): 255–256.
Dyer, R.A. (1983) Ceropegia, Brachystelma and Riocreuxia in Southern Africa. Balkema, Rotterdam, 242 pp.
Endress, M.E., Meve, U., Middleton, D.J. & Liede-Schumann, S. (2019 [‘2018’]) Apocynaceae. In: Kadereit, J.W. & Bittrich, V. (Eds.) Flowering Plants. The Families and Genera of Vascular Plants, Vol. 15, Eudicots, Apiales, Gentianales (excl. Rubiaceae). Heidelberg, New York: Springer, pp. 207–411. https://doi.org/10.1007/978-3-319-93605-5_3
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Hilliard, O.M. (1982) Helichrysum ingomense Hilliard. Notes of the Royal Botanic Garden Edinburgh 40 (2): 255. https://doi.org/10.4102/abc.v12i2.1409
Hilliard, O.M. (1988) Dierama erectum Hilliard. Notes of the Royal Botanic Garden Edinburgh 45 (1): 80.
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Meve, U. & Liede-Schumann, S. (2007) Ceropegia (Apocynaceae, Ceropegieae, Stapeliinae): paraphyletic but still taxonomically sound. Annals of the Missouri Botanical Garden 94 (2): 392–406. https://doi.org/10.3417/0026-6493(2007)94[392:CACSPB]2.0.CO;2
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Oliver, D. (1883) Lasiostelma sandersonii Oliv. Hooker‘s Icones Plantarum 15: t. 1449.
Ollerton, J., Dötterl, S., Ghorpadé, K., Heiduk, A., Liede-Schumann, S., Masinde, S., Meve, U., Craig, P.I., Prieto-Benítez, S., Punekar, S., Thulin, M. & Whittington, A. (2017) Diversity of Diptera families that pollinate Ceropegia (Apocynaceae) trap flowers: an update in light of new data and phylogenetic analyses. Flora 234: 233–244. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.flora.2017.07.013
Ollerton, J., Liede-Schumann, S., Endress, M.E., Meve, U., Rech, A.R., Shuttleworth, A., Keller, H.A., Fishbein, M., Alvarado-Cárdenas, L.O., Amorim, F.W., Bernhardt, P., Celep, F., Chirango, Y., Chiriboga-Arroyo, F., Civeyrel, L., Cocucci, A., Cranmer, L., da Silva-Batista, I.C., de Jager, L., Scaramussa Deprá, M., Domingos-Melo, A., Dvorsky, C., Agostini, K., Freitas, L., Gaglianone, M.C., Galetto, L., Gilbert, M., González-Ramírez, I., Gorostiague, P., Goyder, D., Hachuy-Filho, L., Heiduk, A., Howard, A., Ionta, G., Islas-Hernández, S.C., Johnson, S.D., Joubert, L., Kaiser-Bunbury, C.N., Kephart, S., Kidyoo, A., Koptur, S., Koschnitzke, C., Lamborn, E., Livshultz, T., Machado, I.C., Marino, S., Mema, L., Mochizuki, K., Cerdeira Morellato, L.P., Mrisha, C.K., Muiruri, E.W., Nakahama, N., Teixeira Nascimento, V., Nuttman, C., Oliveira, P.E., Peter, C.I., Punekar, S., Rafferty, N., Rapini, A., Ren, Z.-X., Rodríguez-Flores, C.I., Rosero, L., Sakai, S., Sazima, M., Steenhuisen, S.-L., Tan, C.-W., Torres, C., Trøjelsgaard, K., Ushimaru, A., Vieira, M.F., Wiemer, A.P., Yamashiro, T., Nadia, T., Queiroz, J. & Quirino, Z. (2019) The diversity and evolution of pollination systems in large plant clades: Apocynaceae as a case study. Annals of Botany 123: 311–325. https://doi.org/10.1093/aob/mcy127
Raimondo, D., von Staden, L., Foden, W., Victor, J.E., Helme, N.A., Turner, R.C., Kamundi, D.A. & Manyama, P.A. (2009) Red List of South African Plants. Strelitzia 25: 1–668.
Reichenbach, H.G. (1867) Brachycorythis gerrardii Rchb.f. Flora 50: 116.
Schlechter, R. (1894a) Sisyranthus schizoglossoides Schlechter. Journal of Botany British and Foreign 32: 357.
Schlechter, R. (1894b) Beiträge zur Kenntnis südafrikanischer Asclepiadaceen. Botanische Jahrbücher für Systematik, Pflanzengeschichte und Pflanzengeographie 18, Beibl. 45: 1–37.
Schlechter, R. (1895) Beitrage zur Kenntnis südafrikanischer Asclepiadaceen. Botanische Jahrbücher für Systematik, Pflanzengeschichte und Pflanzengeographie 20, Beibl. 51: 1–56.
Schlechter, R. (1907) Beiträge zur Kenntnis der Flora von Natal. Botanische Jahrbücher für Systematik, Pflanzengeschichte und Pflanzengeographie 40: 8–96.
Schultz, C.H. Bipontinus (1844) Gerbera aurantiaca Sch.Bip. Flora oder allgemeine botanische Zeitung 27 (2): 781.
Scott-Shaw, R.C. (1999) Rare and threatened plants of KwaZulu-Natal and neighbouring regions. KwaZulu-Natal Nature Conservation Service, Cascades, 175 pp.
Skowno, A.L., Matlala, M., Slingsby, J., Kirkwood, D., Raimondo, D.C., von Staden, L., Holness, S.D., Lotter, M., Pence, G., Daniels, F., Driver, A., Desmet, P.G. & Dayaram, A. (2019) Terrestrial ecosystem threat status assessment 2018 – comparison with 2011 assessment for provincial agencies. National Biodiversity Assessment 2018 Technical Report. South African National Biodiversity Institute, Pretoria, 45 pp. https://hdl.handle.net/20.500.12143/6590
Stapf, O. (1906) Cymbopogon caesius (Hook. & Arn.) Stapf. Bulletin of Miscellaneous Information, Royal Gardens, Kew 8: 341. https://doi.org/10.2307/4120226
Stapf, O. (1919) Gramineae. In: Prain, D. (Ed.) Flora of Tropical Africa, vol. 9(2). Reeve & Co. Ltd., London, pp. 313–315.
Styles, D.G.A. & Meve, U. (2021) Ceropegia heidukiae (Apocynaceae-Asclepiadoideae)—a morphologically intriguing and rare novelty from South Africa. Phytotaxa 497 (1): 20–28. https://doi.org/10.11646/phytotaxa.497.1.2
Surveswaran, S., Kamble, M.Y., Yadav, S.R. & Sun, M. (2009) Molecular phylogeny of Ceropegia (Asclepiadoideae, Apocynaceae) from Indian Western Ghats. Plant Systematics and Evolution 281 (1–4): 51–63. https://doi.org/10.1007/s00606-009-0182-8
Surveswaran, S., Kambale, S.S., Srivastav, M., Punekar, S.A., Yadav, S.R. & Karanth, K.P. (2021) Origin and diversification of Indian Ceropegieae (Apocynaceae) and its possible relation to the Indian monsoon. Journal of Systematics and Evolution 59 (1): 93–112. https://doi.org/10.1111/jse.12578
Vogel, S. (1961) Die Bestäubung der Kesselfallen-Blüten von Ceropegia. Beiträge zur Biologie der Pflanzen 36: 159–237.
Bolus, L. (1889) Schizochilus gerrardii (Rchb.f.) Bolus. Journal of the Linnean Society Botany 25: 205. https://doi.org/10.1111/j.1095-8339.1889.tb00795.x
Brown, R. (1822) Brachystelma tuberosum. Curtis’ Botanical Magazine 49: t. 2343.
Brown, N.E. (1908) Order LXXXVIII. Asclepiadeae. In: Thiselton-Dyer, W.T. (Ed.) Flora Capensis, vol. 4, 1. Reeve & Co., London, pp. 518–1036.
Brown, N.E. (1912) Brachystelma franksiae N.E.Br. Natal Plants vi: t. 588.
Bruyns, P., Klak, C. & Haná?ek, P. (2015) Recent radiation of Brachystelma and Ceropegia (Apocynaceae) across the Old World against a background of climatic change. Molecular Phylogenetics and Evolution 90: 49–66. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.ympev.2015.04.015
Bruyns, P., Klak, C. & Haná?ek, P. (2017) A revised, phylogenetically-based concept of Ceropegia (Apocynaceae). South African Journal of Botany 112: 399–436. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.sajb.2017.06.021
[DEA] Department of Environmental Affairs (2011) National list of threatened ecosystems. General notice 1002 of 9 December 2011, Government Gazette No. 34809, 544 pp. [https://www.gov.za/documents/national-environmental-management-biodiversity-actnational-list-ecosystems-are-threatened]
Dyer, R. (1977) Asclepiadaceae. Bothalia 12 (2): 255–256.
Dyer, R.A. (1983) Ceropegia, Brachystelma and Riocreuxia in Southern Africa. Balkema, Rotterdam, 242 pp.
Endress, M.E., Meve, U., Middleton, D.J. & Liede-Schumann, S. (2019 [‘2018’]) Apocynaceae. In: Kadereit, J.W. & Bittrich, V. (Eds.) Flowering Plants. The Families and Genera of Vascular Plants, Vol. 15, Eudicots, Apiales, Gentianales (excl. Rubiaceae). Heidelberg, New York: Springer, pp. 207–411. https://doi.org/10.1007/978-3-319-93605-5_3
Goyder, D.J., Gilbert, M.G. & Venter, H.J.T. (2020) Apocynaceae. In: García, M.A. (Ed.) Flora Zambesiaca, vol. 7(2). Royal Botanic Gardens Kew, London, 375 pp.
Harvey, W.H. (1859) Ceropegia bowkeri Harv. Proceedings of the Dublin University Zoological and Botanical Association 1: 254.
Harvey, W.H. (1863) Thesaurus Capensis: or, illustrations of the South African flora, vol. 2. Hodges, Smith and Company, Dublin, 68 pp., plates 101–200.
Hilliard, O.M. (1982) Helichrysum ingomense Hilliard. Notes of the Royal Botanic Garden Edinburgh 40 (2): 255. https://doi.org/10.4102/abc.v12i2.1409
Hilliard, O.M. (1988) Dierama erectum Hilliard. Notes of the Royal Botanic Garden Edinburgh 45 (1): 80.
Hilliard, O.M. & Burt, B.L. (1986) Dracosciadium italae Hilliard & B.L.Burtt. Notes from the Royal Botanic Garden, Edinburgh 43 (2): 223.
Hooker, W.J. & Arnott, G.A.W. (1838) Andropogon caesius Nees ex Hook. & Arn. Botany of Captain Beechey‘s Voyage: 244.
Huber, H. (1957) Revision der Gattung Ceropegia. Memórias da Sociedade Broteriana 12: 1–203.
Hyde, M.A., Wursten, B., Ballings, P., Dondeyne, S. & Coates Palgrave, M. (2022) Genus page: Ceropegia. Flora of Mozambique. [https://www.mozambiqueflora.com/speciesdata/genus.php?genus_id=1153]
IUCN Standards and Petitions Committee (2022) Guidelines for Using the IUCN Red List Categories and Criteria. Version 15.1. Prepared by the Standards and Petitions Committee, 114 pp. Available from: https://www.iucnredlist.org/resources/redlistguidelines (accessed 20 December 2022)
Linnaeus, C. von (1753) Species Plantarum, vol. 1. et vol. 2. Imprensis Laurentii Salvii, Holmiae, pp. 1–560. (Vol.1), pp. 561–1200 (Vol. 2).
Masinde, P.S. (2007) A revision of Brachystelma Sims (Apocynaceae: Asclepiadoideae-Ceropegieae) in East Africa. Kew Bulletin 62: 37–84.
Masinde, P.S (2012) Ceropegia. In: Beentje, H. (Ed.) Flora of Tropical East Africa. Apocynaceae (Part 2). Kew: Royal Botanic Gardens, pp. 220–291.
Meve, U. & Liede, S. (2004) Subtribal Division of Ceropegieae (Apocynaceae-Asclepiadoideae). Taxon 53 (1): 61–72. https://doi.org/10.2307/4135489
Meve, U. & Liede-Schumann, S. (2007) Ceropegia (Apocynaceae, Ceropegieae, Stapeliinae): paraphyletic but still taxonomically sound. Annals of the Missouri Botanical Garden 94 (2): 392–406. https://doi.org/10.3417/0026-6493(2007)94[392:CACSPB]2.0.CO;2
Mucina, L., Hoare, D.B., Lötter, M.C., Du Preez, J., Rutherford, M.C., Scott-Shaw, C.R., Bredenkamp, G.J., Powrie, L.W., Scott, L., Camp, K.G.T., Cilliers, S.S., Bezuidenhout, H., Mostert, T.H., Siebert, S.J., Winter, P.J.D., Burrows, J.E., Dobson, L., Ward, R.A., Stalmans, M., Oliver, E.G.H., Siebert, F., Schmidt, E., Kobisi, K. & Kose, L. (2006) Grassland Biome. In: Mucina, L. & Rutherford, M.C. (Eds.) The vegetation of South Africa, Lesotho and Swaziland. Pretoria. Strelitzia, South Africa, pp. 349–436.
Oliver, D. (1883) Lasiostelma sandersonii Oliv. Hooker‘s Icones Plantarum 15: t. 1449.
Ollerton, J., Dötterl, S., Ghorpadé, K., Heiduk, A., Liede-Schumann, S., Masinde, S., Meve, U., Craig, P.I., Prieto-Benítez, S., Punekar, S., Thulin, M. & Whittington, A. (2017) Diversity of Diptera families that pollinate Ceropegia (Apocynaceae) trap flowers: an update in light of new data and phylogenetic analyses. Flora 234: 233–244. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.flora.2017.07.013
Ollerton, J., Liede-Schumann, S., Endress, M.E., Meve, U., Rech, A.R., Shuttleworth, A., Keller, H.A., Fishbein, M., Alvarado-Cárdenas, L.O., Amorim, F.W., Bernhardt, P., Celep, F., Chirango, Y., Chiriboga-Arroyo, F., Civeyrel, L., Cocucci, A., Cranmer, L., da Silva-Batista, I.C., de Jager, L., Scaramussa Deprá, M., Domingos-Melo, A., Dvorsky, C., Agostini, K., Freitas, L., Gaglianone, M.C., Galetto, L., Gilbert, M., González-Ramírez, I., Gorostiague, P., Goyder, D., Hachuy-Filho, L., Heiduk, A., Howard, A., Ionta, G., Islas-Hernández, S.C., Johnson, S.D., Joubert, L., Kaiser-Bunbury, C.N., Kephart, S., Kidyoo, A., Koptur, S., Koschnitzke, C., Lamborn, E., Livshultz, T., Machado, I.C., Marino, S., Mema, L., Mochizuki, K., Cerdeira Morellato, L.P., Mrisha, C.K., Muiruri, E.W., Nakahama, N., Teixeira Nascimento, V., Nuttman, C., Oliveira, P.E., Peter, C.I., Punekar, S., Rafferty, N., Rapini, A., Ren, Z.-X., Rodríguez-Flores, C.I., Rosero, L., Sakai, S., Sazima, M., Steenhuisen, S.-L., Tan, C.-W., Torres, C., Trøjelsgaard, K., Ushimaru, A., Vieira, M.F., Wiemer, A.P., Yamashiro, T., Nadia, T., Queiroz, J. & Quirino, Z. (2019) The diversity and evolution of pollination systems in large plant clades: Apocynaceae as a case study. Annals of Botany 123: 311–325. https://doi.org/10.1093/aob/mcy127
Raimondo, D., von Staden, L., Foden, W., Victor, J.E., Helme, N.A., Turner, R.C., Kamundi, D.A. & Manyama, P.A. (2009) Red List of South African Plants. Strelitzia 25: 1–668.
Reichenbach, H.G. (1867) Brachycorythis gerrardii Rchb.f. Flora 50: 116.
Schlechter, R. (1894a) Sisyranthus schizoglossoides Schlechter. Journal of Botany British and Foreign 32: 357.
Schlechter, R. (1894b) Beiträge zur Kenntnis südafrikanischer Asclepiadaceen. Botanische Jahrbücher für Systematik, Pflanzengeschichte und Pflanzengeographie 18, Beibl. 45: 1–37.
Schlechter, R. (1895) Beitrage zur Kenntnis südafrikanischer Asclepiadaceen. Botanische Jahrbücher für Systematik, Pflanzengeschichte und Pflanzengeographie 20, Beibl. 51: 1–56.
Schlechter, R. (1907) Beiträge zur Kenntnis der Flora von Natal. Botanische Jahrbücher für Systematik, Pflanzengeschichte und Pflanzengeographie 40: 8–96.
Schultz, C.H. Bipontinus (1844) Gerbera aurantiaca Sch.Bip. Flora oder allgemeine botanische Zeitung 27 (2): 781.
Scott-Shaw, R.C. (1999) Rare and threatened plants of KwaZulu-Natal and neighbouring regions. KwaZulu-Natal Nature Conservation Service, Cascades, 175 pp.
Skowno, A.L., Matlala, M., Slingsby, J., Kirkwood, D., Raimondo, D.C., von Staden, L., Holness, S.D., Lotter, M., Pence, G., Daniels, F., Driver, A., Desmet, P.G. & Dayaram, A. (2019) Terrestrial ecosystem threat status assessment 2018 – comparison with 2011 assessment for provincial agencies. National Biodiversity Assessment 2018 Technical Report. South African National Biodiversity Institute, Pretoria, 45 pp. https://hdl.handle.net/20.500.12143/6590
Stapf, O. (1906) Cymbopogon caesius (Hook. & Arn.) Stapf. Bulletin of Miscellaneous Information, Royal Gardens, Kew 8: 341. https://doi.org/10.2307/4120226
Stapf, O. (1919) Gramineae. In: Prain, D. (Ed.) Flora of Tropical Africa, vol. 9(2). Reeve & Co. Ltd., London, pp. 313–315.
Styles, D.G.A. & Meve, U. (2021) Ceropegia heidukiae (Apocynaceae-Asclepiadoideae)—a morphologically intriguing and rare novelty from South Africa. Phytotaxa 497 (1): 20–28. https://doi.org/10.11646/phytotaxa.497.1.2
Surveswaran, S., Kamble, M.Y., Yadav, S.R. & Sun, M. (2009) Molecular phylogeny of Ceropegia (Asclepiadoideae, Apocynaceae) from Indian Western Ghats. Plant Systematics and Evolution 281 (1–4): 51–63. https://doi.org/10.1007/s00606-009-0182-8
Surveswaran, S., Kambale, S.S., Srivastav, M., Punekar, S.A., Yadav, S.R. & Karanth, K.P. (2021) Origin and diversification of Indian Ceropegieae (Apocynaceae) and its possible relation to the Indian monsoon. Journal of Systematics and Evolution 59 (1): 93–112. https://doi.org/10.1111/jse.12578
Vogel, S. (1961) Die Bestäubung der Kesselfallen-Blüten von Ceropegia. Beiträge zur Biologie der Pflanzen 36: 159–237.