Abstract
Knowledge on the mycoheterotrophic genus Thismia (Thismiaceae) in the neotropics is scarce, where the majority of species are known from Brazil, with 13 currently accepted species, of which seven are endemics. All the 15 known species of the genus in the Americas, except T. americana, inhabit forests below 1300 m a.s.l. Two species of Thismia are known from Colombia, T. panamensis from the Chocó biogeographical region and T. glaziovii from the Amazonian region. Here we describe a third Colombian species, T. andicola sp. nov. distinguished by having outer surface of the floral tube light blue and densely punctate with sky-blue metallic dots, inner tepals 4.6–5 mm long and stigma obovoid, covered adaxially by regularly distributed simple uniseriate multicellular trichomes. It is collected in the buffer zone of the Tamá National Park, Norte de Santander and is the first species of Thismia recorded from the Andes, and the first American species found above 2000 m a.s.l. We provide a description, drawings, photographs, distribution map, and the provisional conservation status of the new species. A key to species of Thismia sect. Ophiomeris species is also included.
References
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<p>Chantanaorrapint, S. & Suddee, S. (2018) <em>Thismia thaithongiana</em> (Dioscoreaceae: Thismieae), a new species of mycoheterotroph from an unusual habitat. <em>Phytotaxa</em> 333 (2): 287–292. https://doi.org/10.11646/phytotaxa.333.2.14</p>
<p>Chantanaorrapint, S. & Seelanan, T. (2021) Thismia clavigeroides (Thismiaceae), a new mycoheterotrophic species from Thailand. <em>Systematic Botany</em> 46 (1): 18–23. https://doi.org/10.1600/036364421X16128061189468</p>
<p>Cuatrecasas, J. (1958) Aspectos de la vegetación natural de Colombia. <em>Revista de la Academia Colombiana de Ciencias Exactas, Físicas y Naturales</em> 10 (40): 221–264. https://doi.org/10.18257/raccefyn.570</p>
<p>Da Silva, D.F., Engels, M.E. & Soares-Lopes, C. (2020) Novelties in <em>Thismia</em> (Thismiaceae) from South Brazilian Amazon with the description of a new species. <em>Phytotaxa</em> 429 (4): 261–273. https://doi.org/10.11646/phytotaxa.429.4.2</p>
<p>Dančák, M., Hroneš, M. & Sochor, M. (2020a) Thismia ornata and T. coronata (Thismiaceae), two new species from Sarawak, Borneo. <em>Willdenowia</em> 50: 65–76. https://doi.org/10.3372/wi.50.50106</p>
<p>Dančák, M., Hroneš, M. & Sochor, M. (2020b) Thismia minutissima (Thismiaceae), a remarkable new mycoheterotrophic species from Sarawak, Borneo. <em>Kew Bulletin</em> 75: 29. https://doi.org/10.1007/S12225-020-09886-4</p>
<p>Dančák, M., Hroneš, M. & Sochor, M. (2020c) <em>Thismia</em>: the rarest of the rare? Ranges of some Bornean species are much larger than previously believed. <em>Phytotaxa</em> 455 (4): 245–261. https://doi.org/10.11646/phytotaxa.455.4.2</p>
<p>Enquist, B., Feng, X., Boyle, B. & Maitner, B., Newman, E., Jørgensen, P., Roehrdanz, P., Thiers, B., Burger, J., Corlett, R., Donoghue, J., Foden, W., Lovett, J., Marquet, P., Merow, C., Morueta-Holme, N., Kraft, N., Park, D., Peet, R. & Mcgill, B. (2019) The commonness of rarity: Global and future distribution of rarity across land plants. <em>Science Advances</em> 5: eaaz0414. https://doi.org/10.32942/OSF.IO/QFPA9</p>
<p>Flora do Brasil 2021 (2022) Available from: http://reflora.jbrj.gov.br/reflora/floradobrasil/FB110674 (accessed 20 January 2022)</p>
<p>GBIF.org (2022) Occurrence Download. https://doi.org/10.15468/dl.jdrf5s</p>
<p>Goebel, K. & Siissenguth, K. (1924) Beitrage zur Kenntnis der stldamerikanischen Burmanniaceen. <em>Flora</em> 17: 55–90. https://doi.org/10.1016/S0367-1615(17)31059-5</p>
<p>Griffith, W. (1844) On the root parasites referred by authors to Rhizantheae, and their allies. <em>Proceedings of the Linnean Society of London</em> 1: 221–223.</p>
<p>Guilherme, F.A.G., Coelho, C.P., Smidt, E.C., Gomes, D.C. & Souza, L.F. (2016) <em>Thismia panamensis</em>: first record of Thismiaceae for the Brazilian Cerrado in Goiás state. <em>Check List</em> 12: 1–4. https://doi.org/10.15560/12.2.1877</p>
<p>Guzmán, D. & y Ruiz, J.F. (2012) <em>Regionalización de Colombia según la estacionalidad de la precipitación media mensual a través del análisis de componentes principales (ACP)</em>. Grupo de Modelamiento de Tiempo, Clima y Escenarios de Cambio Climático. Subdirección de Meteorología – Instituto de Hidrología Meteorología y Estudios Ambientales (IDEAM), 40 pp.</p>
<p>Jonker, F.P. (1938) A monograph of the Burmanniaceae<em>. Mededeelingen van het Botanisch Museum en Herbarium van de Rijks Universiteit te Utrecht (Utrecht)</em> 51: 1–279.</p>
<p>IUCN Standards and Petitions Subcommittee (2013) Guidelines for using the IUCN Red List Categories and Criteria. Version 10.1. Prepared by the Standards and Petitions Subcommittee. Available from: http://www.iucnredlist.org/documents/RedListGuidelines.pdf (accessed 25 August 2021)</p>
<p>Li, H.Q. & Bi, Y.K. (2013) A new species of <em>Thismia</em> (Thismiaceae) from Yunnna, China. <em>Phytotaxa</em> 105 (1): 25–28. https://doi.org/10.11646/phytotaxa.105.1.4</p>
<p>Maas, P.J.M., Maas-van de Kamer, H., van Benthem, J., Snelders, H.C.M. & Rübsamen, T. (1986) Burmanniaceae. <em>Flora Neotropica Monograph</em> 42: 1–189.</p>
<p>Maas-van de Kamer, H. & Maas, P.J.M. (1987) A new <em>Thismia</em> (Burmanniaceae) from French Guiana. <em>Brittonia</em> 39 (3): 376–378. https://doi.org/10.2307/2807137</p>
<p>Maas, P.J.M. & Maas-van de Kamer, H. (1988) Burmanniaceae. <em>Flora de Colombia</em> 7: 33–125.</p>
<p>Maas, P.J.M. (2016) Thismiaceae. <em>In</em>: Bernal, R., Gradstein, S.R. & Celis, M. (Eds.) <em>Catálogo de plantas y líquenes de Colombia</em>. Vol. II: Magnoliaceae a Zygophyllaceae—Espécies introducidas y cultivadas. Instituto de Ciencias Naturales, Facultad de Ciencias, Sede Bogotá, Universidad Nacional de Colombia, Bogotá, 2437 pp.</p>
<p>Mancinelli, W.S., Blum, C.T. & Smidt, E.C. (2012) <em>Thismia prataensis</em> (Thismiaceae), a new species from the Brazilian Atlantic rain forest. <em>Systematic Botany</em> 37: 879–882. https://doi.org/10.1600/036364412X656545</p>
<p>Merckx, V.S.F.T. & Smets, E.F. (2014) <em>Thismia americana</em>, the 101st anniversary of a botanical mystery. <em>International Journal of Plant Sciences</em> 175: 165–175. https://doi.org/10.1086/674315</p>
<p>Merckx, V.S.F.T., Freudenstein, J.V., Kissling, J., Christenhusz, M.J.M., Stotler, R.E., Crandall-Stotler, B., Wickett, N., Rudall, P.J., Maas-van de Kamer, H. & Maas, P.J.M. (2013) Taxonomy and classification. <em>In</em>: Merckx, V.S.F.T. (Ed.) <em>Mycoheterotrophy: the biology of plants living on fungi</em>. New York: Springer New York, pp. 19–101. https://doi.org/10.1007/978-1-4614-5209-6</p>
<p>Miers, J. (1847) On a new genus of plants of the family Burmanniaceae. <em>Proceedings of the Linnean Society of London</em> 1 (33): 328–329.</p>
<p>Miers, J. (1866) On <em>Myostoma</em>, a new genus of Burmanniaceae<em>. Proceedings of Linnean Society of London</em> 25: 461–476. https://doi.org/10.1111/j.1096-3642.1865.tb00195.x</p>
<p>Mueller, F.V. (1891) Notes on a new Tasmanian plant of the order Burmanniaceae. <em>Papers and proceedings of the Royal Society of Tasmania</em> 1890: 232–235.</p>
<p>Nuraliev, M.S., Beer, A.S., Kuznetsov, A.N. & Kuznetsova, S.P. (2014) <em>Thismia mucronata</em> (Thismiaceae), a new species from southern Vietnam. <em>Phytotaxa</em> 167 (3): 245–255. https://doi.org/10.11646/phytotaxa.167.3.3</p>
<p>Nuraliev, M.S., Yudina, S.V., Truong, B.V., Do, T.X., Luu, H.T., Kuznetsov, A.N. & Kuznetsova, S.P. (2020a) A revision of the family Thismiaceae (Dioscoreales) in Cambodia, Laos and Vietnam. <em>Phytotaxa</em> 44 (3): 229–250. https://doi.org/10.11646/phytotaxa.441.3.1</p>
<p>Nuraliev, M.S., Yudina, S.V., Shepeleva, E.A., Truong, B.V., Do, T.X., Beer, A.S. & Remizowa, M.V. (2020b) Floral structure in <em>Thismia</em> (Thismiaceae: Dioscoreales): new insights from anatomy, vasculature and development. <em>Botanical Journal of the Linnean Society</em> 195: 501–531. https://doi.org/10.1093/botlinnean/boaa066</p>
<p>Parques Nacionales Naturales de Colombia (2018) <em>Plan de manejo 2017–2022 Parque Nacional Natural Tamá. </em>Bogotá D. C., Colombia: Parques Nacionales Naturales de Colombia, Dirección Territorial Andes Occidentales, 311 pp.</p>
<p>Poulsen, M.V.A. (1889) Une nouvelle Phanérogame sans chlorophylle (<em>Thismia glaziovii</em>) Note préliminaire. <em>Revue Générale de Botanique</em> 1: 549–550.</p>
<p>POWO (2022) <em>Plants of the World Online</em>. Facilitated by the Royal Botanic Gardems, Kew. Available from: http://www.plantsoftheworldonline.org/ (accessed 15 January 2022)</p>
<p>Schlechter, F.R.R. (1921) Die Thismieae. <em>Notizblatt des Botanischen Gartens und Museums zu Berlin-Dahlem</em> 8: 31–45.</p>
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