Abstract
Selaginella subg. Heterostachys, especially S. sect. Heterostachys and S. sect. Tetragonostachyae, represents the most taxonomically difficult subgenus of Selaginella in China. Here, Selaginella austro-orientalis, a new species in S. sect. Heterostachys from Southeast China is described and illustrated based on morphological and phylogenetic studies. Morphologically, the new species is most similar to S. heterostachys, but differs by its broadly ovate ventral leaves with slightly cuspidate apex and strobili with megasporangia only at ventral side.
References
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<p>Ye, Z.-Y., Lu, N.T., Zhang, L., Zhou, X.-M. & Zhang, L.-B. (2020) <em>Selaginella coriaceifolia </em>(sect. <em>Heterostachys</em>; Selaginellaceae), a new lycophyte species from central Vietnam. <em>Phytotaxa </em>453 (2): 121–129. https://doi.org/10.11646/phytotaxa.453.2.3</p>
<p>Zhou, X.-M. & Zhang, L.-B. (2015) A classification of <em>Selaginella </em>(Selaginellaceae) based on molecular (chloroplast and nuclear), macromorphological, and spore features. <em>Taxon</em> 64: 1117–1140. https://doi.org/10.12705/646.2</p>
<p>Zhou, X.-M., Rothfels, C.J., Zhang, L., He, Z.-R., Le P échon, T.L., He, H., Lu, N.T., Knapp, R., Lorence, D., He, X.-J., Gao, X.-F. & Zhang, L.-B. (2016) A large-scale phylogeny of the lycophyte genus <em>Selaginella</em> (Selaginellaceae: Lycopodiopsida) based on plastid and nuclear loci. <em>Cladistics</em> 32: 360–389. http://doi.org/10.1111/cla.12136</p>
<p>Baker, J.G. (1885) A synopsis of the genus <em>Selaginella</em>. <em>Journal of Botany</em> 23: 176–180.</p>
<p>Ebihara, A., Nitta, J.H. & Ito, M. (2010) Molecular species identification with rich floristic sampling: DNA barcoding the pteridophyte flora of Japan. <em>PLoS one</em> 5: e15136. https://doi.org/10.1371/journal.pone.0015136</p>
<p>Franchet, A. & Savatier, P.A.L. (1877–1879) <em>Enumeratio plantarum in Japonia sponte crescentium</em>. Vol. 2. (Lycopodiacea). Savy, Paris, pp. 195–201, 613–616.</p>
<p>Guindon, S. & Gascuel, O. (2003) A simple, fast, and accurate algorithm to estimate large phylogenies by maximum likelihood.<em> Systematic Biology</em> 52: 696–704. https://doi.org/10.1080/10635150390235520</p>
<p>Hall, T.A. (1999) BioEdit: a user-friendly biological sequence alignment editor and analysis program for Windows 95/98/NT. <em>Nucleic Acids Symposium Series </em>41: 95–98.</p>
<p>He, M., He, Z.-R., Zhang, L.-B. & Zhou, X.-M. (2021)<em> Selaginella qingchengshanensis</em> (sect. <em>Heterostachys</em>; Selaginellaceae), a new species from Sichuan, China. <em>Phytotaxa</em> 522 (4): 285–293. https://doi.org/10.11646/phytotaxa.522.4.2</p>
<p>Huelsenbeck, J.P. & Ronquist, F. (2001) MRBAYES: Bayesian inference of phylogenetic trees. <em>Bioinformatics</em> 17: 754–755. https://doi.org/10.1093/bioinformatics/17.8.754</p>
<p>IUCN. (2022) Guidelines for using the IUCN Red List Categories and Criteria, Version 15.1 Prepared by the Standards and Petitions Subcommittee. [https://nrl.iucnredlist.org/resources/redlistguidelines]</p>
<p>Katoh, K. & Standley, D.M. (2013) MAFFT multiple sequence alignment software version 7: improvements in performance and usability. <em>Molecular Biology and Evolution</em> 30: 772–780. https://doi.org/10.1093/molbev/mst010</p>
<p>Linnaeus, C. (1753) <em>Species plantarum</em>, vol. II. Laurentii Salvii, Stockholm, Sweden.</p>
<p>Miller, M.A., Pfeiffer, W. & Schwartz, T. (2010) Creating the CIPRES Science Gateway for inference of large phylogenetic trees. <em>Proceedings of the Gateway Computing Environments Workshop (GCE). 14 November 2010</em>. New Orleans, LA. pp. 1–8.</p>
<p>Palisot-Beauvois, A.M.F.J. (1804) Suite de l’Aethéogamie. <em>Magasin Encyclopédique</em> 9 (5): 472–483.</p>
<p>Poiret, J.L.M. (1814) <em>Encyclopeìdie meìthodique. Botanique.</em> Supplement 3. H. Agasse, Paris, pp. 1–780. https: //doi.org/10.5962/bhl.title.826</p>
<p>Rambaut, A. & Drummond, A.J. (2007) Tracer 1.4. [http://beast.bio.ed.ac.uk/Tracer]</p>
<p>Ronquist, F. & Huelsenbeck, J.P. (2003) MrBayes 3: Bayesian phylogenetic inference under mixed models. <em>Bioinformatics</em> 19: 1572–1574. https://doi.org/10.1093/bioinformatics/btg180</p>
<p>Santorum, J.M., Darriba, D., Taboada, G.L. & Posada, D. (2014) Jmodeltest. org: selection of nucleotide substitution models on the cloud. <em>Bioinformatics</em> 30: 1310–1311. https://doi.org/10.1093/bioinformatics/btu032</p>
<p>Shalimov, A.P., Zhu, Y.-M., Zhang, M.-H. & Zhang, X.-C. (2019)<em> Selaginella dianzhongensis </em>(Selaginellaceae), a new spikemoss from China. <em>PhytoKeys </em>118: 75–87. http://doi.org/10.3897/phytokeys.118.30375</p>
<p>Spring, A.F. (1838) Beiträge zur Kenntniss der Lycopodien. <em>Flora </em>21 (1): 145–158.</p>
<p>Spring, A.F. (1843) Enumeratio Lycopodinearum, quas in ejusdem plantarum ordinis monographia mox edenda descripsit Ant. Spring. Pars Altera. II. <em>Selaginella. Bulletin de l’Académie royale des Science et de lettres et des Beaux-arts de Belgique </em>10: 135–146.</p>
<p>Spring, A.F. (1850) <em>Monographie de la famille des Lycopodiacées, Seconde partie, </em>24. Mémoires de l’ Académie Royales des Sciences, Lettres et Beaux Arts de Belgique, pp. 1–358. https://doi.org/10.5962/bhl.title.15539</p>
<p>Stamatakis, A., Hoover, P. & Rougemont, J. (2008) A rapid bootstrap algorithm for the RAxML Web servers.<em> Systematic Biology</em> 57: 758–771. https://doi.org/10.1080/10635150802429642</p>
<p>Tryon, A.F. & Lugardon, B. (1991) <em>Spores of the Pteridophyta: surface, wall structure, and diversity based on electron microscope studies</em>. Springer-Verlag, New York, pp. 606–621.</p>
<p>Weststrand, S. & Korall, P. (2016) Phylogeny of Selaginellaceae: There is value in morphology after all! <em>American Journal of Botany</em> 103: 2136–2159. https://doi.org/10.3732/ajb.1600156</p>
<p>Ye, Z.-Y., Lu, N.T., Zhang, L., Zhou, X.-M. & Zhang, L.-B. (2020) <em>Selaginella coriaceifolia </em>(sect. <em>Heterostachys</em>; Selaginellaceae), a new lycophyte species from central Vietnam. <em>Phytotaxa </em>453 (2): 121–129. https://doi.org/10.11646/phytotaxa.453.2.3</p>
<p>Zhou, X.-M. & Zhang, L.-B. (2015) A classification of <em>Selaginella </em>(Selaginellaceae) based on molecular (chloroplast and nuclear), macromorphological, and spore features. <em>Taxon</em> 64: 1117–1140. https://doi.org/10.12705/646.2</p>
<p>Zhou, X.-M., Rothfels, C.J., Zhang, L., He, Z.-R., Le P échon, T.L., He, H., Lu, N.T., Knapp, R., Lorence, D., He, X.-J., Gao, X.-F. & Zhang, L.-B. (2016) A large-scale phylogeny of the lycophyte genus <em>Selaginella</em> (Selaginellaceae: Lycopodiopsida) based on plastid and nuclear loci. <em>Cladistics</em> 32: 360–389. http://doi.org/10.1111/cla.12136</p>