Abstract
Three new species of Carex sect. Fecundae (Cyperaceae) are described from Central America. Carex orothanatica from Costa Rica, Carex siguanabae occurring in El Salvador and Honduras, and Carex via-aquae from Costa Rica and Panama. The three new species are compared with relatives. In addition, two related names, Carex lehmanniana Boott, and C. lehmaniana var. simplex Kük., are lectotypified.
References
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<p>Boott, F.M.D. (1846) Caricis species novae, vel minùs cognitae. <em>Transactions of the Linnean Society of London </em>20: 115–147. https://doi.org/10.1111/j.1096-3642.1846.tb00413.x</p>
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<p>Hermann, F.J. (1974) <em>Manual of the genus Carex in Mexico and Central America</em>. U.S. Government Printing Office, Washington D.C., 219 pp.</p>
<p>IPNI (2021) <em>International Plant Names Index</em>. The Royal Botanic Gardens, Kew, Harvard University Herbaria & Libraries and Australian National Botanic Gardens, Royal Botanic Gardens, Kew, U.K. Available from: http://www.ipni.org (Accessed 16 February 2022)</p>
<p>Jiménez-Mejías, P., Hahn, M., Lueders, K., Starr, J.R., Brown, B.H., Chouinard, B.N., Chung, K., Escudero, M., Ford, B.A., Ford, K.A., Gebauer, S., Gehrke, B., Hoffmann, M.H., Jin, X., Jung, J., Kim, Sangtae, Luceño, M., Maguilla, E., Martín-Bravo, S., Míguez, M., Molina, A., Naczi, R.F.C., Pender, J.E., Reznicek A.A., Villaverde, T., Waterway, M.J., Wilson, K.L., Yang, J., Zhang, S., Hipp, A.L. & Roalson, E.H. (2016) Megaphylogenetic specimen-level approaches to the <em>Carex </em>(Cyperaceae) phylogeny using ITS, ETS, and <em>matK</em> sequences: Implications for classification. <em>Systematic Botany</em> 41: 500–518. https://doi.org/10.1600/036364416X692497</p>
<p>Jiménez-Mejías, P. & Roalson, E. (2016) Two new species of <em>Carex</em> (Cyperaceae) from northern South America. <em>Phytotaxa</em> 266 (1): 21–26. https://doi.org/10.11646/phytotaxa.266.1.3</p>
<p>Jiménez-Mejías, P. & Reznicek, A.A. (2018) Additional notes on South American <em>Carex</em> sect. <em>Schiedeanae</em> (Cyperaceae) and description of the new species <em>Carex pachamamae</em>. <em>Phytotaxa </em>340 (1): 55–62. https://doi.org/10.11646/phytotaxa.340.1.3</p>
<p>Jiménez-Mejías, P., Saldivia, P., Gebauer, S. & Martín-Bravo, S. (2021) A new remarkable dwarf sedge (<em>Carex phylloscirpoides</em>, Cyperaceae) from northern Chile, with insights on the evolution of Austral <em>Carex</em> Section <em>Racemosae</em>. <em>Systematic Botany</em> 46: 34–47. https://doi.org/10.1600/036364421X16128061189567</p>
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<p>Liebmann, F.M. (1850) <em>Mexicos halvgraes bearbeidede efter Forgaengernes og egne Materialier med Tillaeg af de i Nicaragua og Costa Rica af Mag. A. S. Örsted samlede samt nogle faa ubeskrevne vestindiske Former</em>. Videnskabernes Selskab, Copenhague, 87 pp.</p>
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<p>Reznicek, A.A. (1990) Evolution in sedges (<em>Carex</em>, Cyperaceae). <em>Canadian Journal of Botany</em> 68: 1409–1432. https://doi.org/10.1139/b90-180</p>
<p>Standley, P. & Steyermark, J. (1953) New species of <em>Carex</em> from Guatemala. <em>Ceiba</em> 4, 62–68. [https://revistas.zamorano.edu/index.php/CEIBA/article/view/1075/1015]</p>
<p>Thiers, B. (2018) [continuously updated]<em>. Index Herbariorum: A global directory of public herbaria and associated staff</em>. New York Botanical Garden’s Virtual Herbarium, New York, U.S.A. Available from: http://sweetgum.nybg.org/ih/ (accessed 16 February 2022)</p>
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<p>Turland, N.J., Wiersema, J.H., Barrie, F.R., Greuter, W., Hawksworth, D.L., Herendeen, P.S., Knapp, S., Kusber, W.-H., Li, D.-Z., Marhold, K., May, T.W., McNeill, J., Monro, A.M., Prado, J., Price, M.J. & Smith, G.F. (Eds.) (2018) <em>International Code of Nomenclature for algae, fungi, and plants (Shenzhen Code) adopted by the Nineteenth International Botanical Congress Shenzhen, China, July 2017. </em>Regnum Vegetabile 159. Glashütten: Koeltz Botanical Books. https://doi.org/10.12705/Code.2018</p>
<p>Walpers, W.G. (1849) <em>Annales botanices systematicae </em>I. Leipzig, Germany, 910 pp. https://doi.org/10.5962/bhl.title.7556</p>
<p>WCSP (2021) <em>World Checklist of Selected Plant Families</em>. Royal Botanic Gardens, Kew, UK. Available from: http://wcsp.science.kew.org/ (accessed 16 February 2022)</p>
<p>Boott, F.M.D. (1845) Caricis species novae, vel minùs cognitae. <em>Proceedings of the Linnean Society of London </em>1: 254–258. [https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/bibliography/8250]</p>
<p>Boott, F.M.D. (1846) Caricis species novae, vel minùs cognitae. <em>Transactions of the Linnean Society of London </em>20: 115–147. https://doi.org/10.1111/j.1096-3642.1846.tb00413.x</p>
<p>Chater, A.O. (1994) <em>Carex</em> L. <em>In:</em> Davidse, G., Sousa, M. & Chater, A.O. (Eds.) <em>Flora Mesoamericana.</em> Volumen 6.<em> Alismataceae a Cyperaceae</em>. Universidad Nacional Autónoma de México, Instituto de Biología, Missouri Botanical Garden, Natural History Museum, London, pp. 464–473.</p>
<p>Hermann, F.J. (1974) <em>Manual of the genus Carex in Mexico and Central America</em>. U.S. Government Printing Office, Washington D.C., 219 pp.</p>
<p>IPNI (2021) <em>International Plant Names Index</em>. The Royal Botanic Gardens, Kew, Harvard University Herbaria & Libraries and Australian National Botanic Gardens, Royal Botanic Gardens, Kew, U.K. Available from: http://www.ipni.org (Accessed 16 February 2022)</p>
<p>Jiménez-Mejías, P., Hahn, M., Lueders, K., Starr, J.R., Brown, B.H., Chouinard, B.N., Chung, K., Escudero, M., Ford, B.A., Ford, K.A., Gebauer, S., Gehrke, B., Hoffmann, M.H., Jin, X., Jung, J., Kim, Sangtae, Luceño, M., Maguilla, E., Martín-Bravo, S., Míguez, M., Molina, A., Naczi, R.F.C., Pender, J.E., Reznicek A.A., Villaverde, T., Waterway, M.J., Wilson, K.L., Yang, J., Zhang, S., Hipp, A.L. & Roalson, E.H. (2016) Megaphylogenetic specimen-level approaches to the <em>Carex </em>(Cyperaceae) phylogeny using ITS, ETS, and <em>matK</em> sequences: Implications for classification. <em>Systematic Botany</em> 41: 500–518. https://doi.org/10.1600/036364416X692497</p>
<p>Jiménez-Mejías, P. & Roalson, E. (2016) Two new species of <em>Carex</em> (Cyperaceae) from northern South America. <em>Phytotaxa</em> 266 (1): 21–26. https://doi.org/10.11646/phytotaxa.266.1.3</p>
<p>Jiménez-Mejías, P. & Reznicek, A.A. (2018) Additional notes on South American <em>Carex</em> sect. <em>Schiedeanae</em> (Cyperaceae) and description of the new species <em>Carex pachamamae</em>. <em>Phytotaxa </em>340 (1): 55–62. https://doi.org/10.11646/phytotaxa.340.1.3</p>
<p>Jiménez-Mejías, P., Saldivia, P., Gebauer, S. & Martín-Bravo, S. (2021) A new remarkable dwarf sedge (<em>Carex phylloscirpoides</em>, Cyperaceae) from northern Chile, with insights on the evolution of Austral <em>Carex</em> Section <em>Racemosae</em>. <em>Systematic Botany</em> 46: 34–47. https://doi.org/10.1600/036364421X16128061189567</p>
<p>Kükenthal, G. (1909) <em>Carex</em>. <em>In: </em>Engler, A. (Ed.) <em>Das Pflanzenreich (IV) 20. Heft 38</em>. Engelmann, Leipzig, pp. 1–824.</p>
<p>Liebmann, F.M. (1850) <em>Mexicos halvgraes bearbeidede efter Forgaengernes og egne Materialier med Tillaeg af de i Nicaragua og Costa Rica af Mag. A. S. Örsted samlede samt nogle faa ubeskrevne vestindiske Former</em>. Videnskabernes Selskab, Copenhague, 87 pp.</p>
<p>Linnaeus, C. (1753) <em>Species Plantarum.</em> Vol. II. Laurentius Salvius, Stockholm, 561 pp.</p>
<p>Radford, A.E., Dickison, W.C., Massey, J.R. & Bell, C.R. (1974) <em>Vascular Plant Systematics</em>. Harper and Row Publishers, New York, 891 pp.</p>
<p>Reznicek, A.A. (1990) Evolution in sedges (<em>Carex</em>, Cyperaceae). <em>Canadian Journal of Botany</em> 68: 1409–1432. https://doi.org/10.1139/b90-180</p>
<p>Standley, P. & Steyermark, J. (1953) New species of <em>Carex</em> from Guatemala. <em>Ceiba</em> 4, 62–68. [https://revistas.zamorano.edu/index.php/CEIBA/article/view/1075/1015]</p>
<p>Thiers, B. (2018) [continuously updated]<em>. Index Herbariorum: A global directory of public herbaria and associated staff</em>. New York Botanical Garden’s Virtual Herbarium, New York, U.S.A. Available from: http://sweetgum.nybg.org/ih/ (accessed 16 February 2022)</p>
<p>Tropicos.org (2021) [continuously updated] <em>Tropicos</em>. Missouri Botanical Garden, Missouri, U.S.A Consulted 18 October 2021 [https://tropicos.org/name/100163121]</p>
<p>Turland, N.J., Wiersema, J.H., Barrie, F.R., Greuter, W., Hawksworth, D.L., Herendeen, P.S., Knapp, S., Kusber, W.-H., Li, D.-Z., Marhold, K., May, T.W., McNeill, J., Monro, A.M., Prado, J., Price, M.J. & Smith, G.F. (Eds.) (2018) <em>International Code of Nomenclature for algae, fungi, and plants (Shenzhen Code) adopted by the Nineteenth International Botanical Congress Shenzhen, China, July 2017. </em>Regnum Vegetabile 159. Glashütten: Koeltz Botanical Books. https://doi.org/10.12705/Code.2018</p>
<p>Walpers, W.G. (1849) <em>Annales botanices systematicae </em>I. Leipzig, Germany, 910 pp. https://doi.org/10.5962/bhl.title.7556</p>
<p>WCSP (2021) <em>World Checklist of Selected Plant Families</em>. Royal Botanic Gardens, Kew, UK. Available from: http://wcsp.science.kew.org/ (accessed 16 February 2022)</p>