Abstract
Eskemukerjea is a monotypic genus containing the endemic nepali E. megacarpum. Based on examination of herbarium specimens (including types), consultation of protologues and other relevant literature, as well as investigation of the newly discovered populations in Chinese Tibet, we here record E. megacarpum for the first time out of Nepal. An updated morphological description, original field photographs, and a distribution map are provided.
References
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<p align="justify"><span style="color: #000000;"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, serif;"><span style="font-size: small;">Hara, H. (1972) New or noteworthy flowering plants from Eastern Himalaya. <em>Journal of Japanese Botany</em> 47 (5): 137–143.</span></span></span></p>
<p align="justify"><span style="color: #000000;"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, serif;"><span style="font-size: small;">Hara, H. (1982) <em>Polygonaceae</em>. <em>In:</em> Hara, H., Chater, A.O. & Williams, L.H.J. (eds.) <em>An enumeration of the flowering plants of Nepal. Vol. 3.</em> Trustees of British Museum (Natural History), London, pp. 172–180.</span></span></span></p>
<p align="justify"><span style="color: #000000;"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, serif;"><span style="font-size: small;">Hong, S.P. (1988) A pollen morphological re-evaluation of <em>Harpagocarpus</em> and <em>Eskemukerjea</em> (Polygonaceae). <em>Grana</em> 27 (4): 291–295. https://doi.org/10.1080/00173138809429951</span></span></span></p>
<p align="justify"><span style="color: #000000;"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, serif;"><span style="font-size: small;">Li, A.J. (1998) Polygonaceae Juss<em>. In:</em> Li, A.J. (ed.) <em>Flora Reipublicae Popularis Sinicae</em>, Vol. 25 (1)<em>.</em> Science Press, Beijing, pp. 1–237.</span></span></span></p>
<p align="justify"><span style="color: #000000;"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, serif;"><span style="font-size: small;">Li, A.J., Bao, B.J., Grabovskaya-Borodina, A.E., Hong, S.P., McNeill, J., Mosyakin, S.L., Ohba, H. & Park, C.W. (2003) Polygonaceae Juss. <em>In:</em> Wu, C.Y. & Raven, P.H. (eds.) <em>Flora of China</em>, Vol. 5<em>.</em> Science Press, Beijing; Missouri Botanical Garden Press, St. Louis, pp. 277–350.</span></span></span></p>
<p align="justify"><span style="color: #000000;"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, serif;"><span style="font-size: small;">Linnaeus, C. (1753) <em>Species plantarum</em>, Vol. 1<em>.</em> Laurentius Salvius, Stockholm, 560 pp.</span></span></span></p>
<p align="justify"><span style="color: #000000;"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, serif;"><span style="font-size: small;">Malick, K.C. & Sengupta, G. (1972) <em>Eskemukerjea </em>Malick et Sengupta–a new genus of Polygonaceae from Nepal Himalaya. <em>Bulletin of the Botanical Survey of India </em>11 (3 & 4): 433–435.</span></span></span></p>
<p align="justify"><span style="color: #000000;"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, serif;"><span style="font-size: small;">Miller, P. (1754) <em>The gardener’s dictionary, Abridged 4th edition</em>, Vol. 3<em>.</em> Printed by the Author, London, without pagination.</span></span></span></p>
<p align="justify"><span style="color: #000000;"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, serif;"><span style="font-size: small;">Natural History Museum (2022) <em>Fagopyrum megacarpum</em> Hara (from collection specimens) [Data set record]. Natural History Museum. https://data.nhm.ac.uk/object/fb4c41e2-9727-45b4-9597-4461dc93b893.</span></span></span></p>
<p align="justify"><span style="color: #000000;"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, serif;"><span style="font-size: small;">Ohsako, T., Fukuoka, S., Bimb, H.P., Baniya, B.K., Yasui, Y. & Ohnishi, O. (2001) Phylogenetic analysis of the genus <em>Fagopyrum</em> (Polygonaceae), including the Nepali species <em>F. megacarpum</em>, based on nucleotide sequence of the <em>rbcL-accD </em>region in chloroplast DNA. <em>Fagopyrum</em> 18: 9–14.</span></span></span></p>
<p align="justify"><span style="color: #000000;"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, serif;"><span style="font-size: small;">Sanchez, A., Schuster, T.M., Burke, J.M. & Kron, K.A. (2011) Taxonomy of Polygonoideae (Polygonaceae): a new tribal classification. <em>Taxon</em> 60 (1): 151–160. https://doi.org/10.1002/tax.601013</span></span></span></p>
<p align="justify"><span style="color: #000000;"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, serif;"><span style="font-size: small;">Schuster, T.M., Setaro, S.S. & Kron, K.A. (2013) Age estimates for the buckwheat family Polygonaceae based on sequence data calibrated by fossils and with a focus on the amphi<strong>-</strong>Pacific <em>Muehlenbeckia</em>. <em>PLoS ONE </em>8: e61261. https://doi.org/10.1371/journal.pone.0061261</span></span></span></p>
<p align="justify"><span style="color: #000000;"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, serif;"><span style="font-size: small;">Schuster, T.M., Reveal, J.L., Bayly, M.J. & Kron, K.A. (2015) An updated molecular phylogeny of Polygonoideae (Polygonaceae): relationships of <em>Oxygonum</em>, <em>Pteroxygonum</em>, and <em>Rumex</em>, and a new circumscription of <em>Koenigia</em>. <em>Taxon</em> 64 (6): 1188–1208. https://doi.org/10.12705/646.5</span></span></span></p>
<p align="justify"><span style="color: #000000;"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, serif;"><span style="font-size: small;">Thiers, B. (2022+) <em>Index herbariorum: a global directory of public herbaria and associated staff. New York Botanical Garden</em>. Available from: http://sweetgum.nybg.org/science/ih/ (accessed 22 September 2022)</span></span></span></p>
<p align="justify"><span style="color: #000000;"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, serif;"><span style="font-size: small;">Zhang, H.J., Zhang, X., Sun, Y.X., Landis, J.B., Li, L.J., Hu, G.W., Sun, J., Tiamiyu, B.B., Kuang, T.H., Deng, T. Sun, H. & Wang, H.C. (2022a) Plastome phylogenomics and biogeography of the subfam. Polygonoideae (Polygonaceae). <em>Frontiers in Plant Science</em> 13: 893201. https://doi.org/10.3389/fpls.2022.893201</span></span></span></p>
<p align="justify"><span style="color: #000000;"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, serif;"><span style="font-size: small;">Zhang, L.S., Chen, C.L., Mao, X.X. & Liu, J.Q. (2022b) Phylogenomics and evolutionary diversification of the subfamily Polygonoideae. <em>Journal of Systematics and Evolution</em> (online): jse.12913. https://doi.org/10.1111/jse.12913</span></span></span></p>
<p align="justify"><span style="color: #000000;"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, serif;"><span style="font-size: small;">Diels, L. (1905) Beiträge zur Flora des Tsin ling shan und andere Zusätze zur Flora von Central-China. <em>Botanische Jahrbücher für Systematik, Pflanzengeschichte und Pflanzengeographie</em> 36 (5, Beibl. 82): 1–134.</span></span></span></p>
<p align="justify"><span style="color: #000000;"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, serif;"><span style="font-size: small;">Galasso, G., Banfi, E., Mattia, F.D., Grassi, F., Sgorbati, S. & Labra, M. (2009) Molecular phylogeny of <em>Polygonum</em> L. s.l. (Polygonoideae, Polygonaceae), focusing on European taxa: preliminary results and systematic considerations based on<em> rbc</em>L plastidial sequence data. <em>Atti della Societa Italiana di Scienze Naturali e del Museo Civico di Storia Naturale di Milano</em> 150 (1): 113–148.</span></span></span></p>
<p align="justify"><span style="color: #000000;"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, serif;"><span style="font-size: small;">Hara, H. (1972) New or noteworthy flowering plants from Eastern Himalaya. <em>Journal of Japanese Botany</em> 47 (5): 137–143.</span></span></span></p>
<p align="justify"><span style="color: #000000;"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, serif;"><span style="font-size: small;">Hara, H. (1982) <em>Polygonaceae</em>. <em>In:</em> Hara, H., Chater, A.O. & Williams, L.H.J. (eds.) <em>An enumeration of the flowering plants of Nepal. Vol. 3.</em> Trustees of British Museum (Natural History), London, pp. 172–180.</span></span></span></p>
<p align="justify"><span style="color: #000000;"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, serif;"><span style="font-size: small;">Hong, S.P. (1988) A pollen morphological re-evaluation of <em>Harpagocarpus</em> and <em>Eskemukerjea</em> (Polygonaceae). <em>Grana</em> 27 (4): 291–295. https://doi.org/10.1080/00173138809429951</span></span></span></p>
<p align="justify"><span style="color: #000000;"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, serif;"><span style="font-size: small;">Li, A.J. (1998) Polygonaceae Juss<em>. In:</em> Li, A.J. (ed.) <em>Flora Reipublicae Popularis Sinicae</em>, Vol. 25 (1)<em>.</em> Science Press, Beijing, pp. 1–237.</span></span></span></p>
<p align="justify"><span style="color: #000000;"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, serif;"><span style="font-size: small;">Li, A.J., Bao, B.J., Grabovskaya-Borodina, A.E., Hong, S.P., McNeill, J., Mosyakin, S.L., Ohba, H. & Park, C.W. (2003) Polygonaceae Juss. <em>In:</em> Wu, C.Y. & Raven, P.H. (eds.) <em>Flora of China</em>, Vol. 5<em>.</em> Science Press, Beijing; Missouri Botanical Garden Press, St. Louis, pp. 277–350.</span></span></span></p>
<p align="justify"><span style="color: #000000;"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, serif;"><span style="font-size: small;">Linnaeus, C. (1753) <em>Species plantarum</em>, Vol. 1<em>.</em> Laurentius Salvius, Stockholm, 560 pp.</span></span></span></p>
<p align="justify"><span style="color: #000000;"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, serif;"><span style="font-size: small;">Malick, K.C. & Sengupta, G. (1972) <em>Eskemukerjea </em>Malick et Sengupta–a new genus of Polygonaceae from Nepal Himalaya. <em>Bulletin of the Botanical Survey of India </em>11 (3 & 4): 433–435.</span></span></span></p>
<p align="justify"><span style="color: #000000;"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, serif;"><span style="font-size: small;">Miller, P. (1754) <em>The gardener’s dictionary, Abridged 4th edition</em>, Vol. 3<em>.</em> Printed by the Author, London, without pagination.</span></span></span></p>
<p align="justify"><span style="color: #000000;"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, serif;"><span style="font-size: small;">Natural History Museum (2022) <em>Fagopyrum megacarpum</em> Hara (from collection specimens) [Data set record]. Natural History Museum. https://data.nhm.ac.uk/object/fb4c41e2-9727-45b4-9597-4461dc93b893.</span></span></span></p>
<p align="justify"><span style="color: #000000;"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, serif;"><span style="font-size: small;">Ohsako, T., Fukuoka, S., Bimb, H.P., Baniya, B.K., Yasui, Y. & Ohnishi, O. (2001) Phylogenetic analysis of the genus <em>Fagopyrum</em> (Polygonaceae), including the Nepali species <em>F. megacarpum</em>, based on nucleotide sequence of the <em>rbcL-accD </em>region in chloroplast DNA. <em>Fagopyrum</em> 18: 9–14.</span></span></span></p>
<p align="justify"><span style="color: #000000;"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, serif;"><span style="font-size: small;">Sanchez, A., Schuster, T.M., Burke, J.M. & Kron, K.A. (2011) Taxonomy of Polygonoideae (Polygonaceae): a new tribal classification. <em>Taxon</em> 60 (1): 151–160. https://doi.org/10.1002/tax.601013</span></span></span></p>
<p align="justify"><span style="color: #000000;"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, serif;"><span style="font-size: small;">Schuster, T.M., Setaro, S.S. & Kron, K.A. (2013) Age estimates for the buckwheat family Polygonaceae based on sequence data calibrated by fossils and with a focus on the amphi<strong>-</strong>Pacific <em>Muehlenbeckia</em>. <em>PLoS ONE </em>8: e61261. https://doi.org/10.1371/journal.pone.0061261</span></span></span></p>
<p align="justify"><span style="color: #000000;"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, serif;"><span style="font-size: small;">Schuster, T.M., Reveal, J.L., Bayly, M.J. & Kron, K.A. (2015) An updated molecular phylogeny of Polygonoideae (Polygonaceae): relationships of <em>Oxygonum</em>, <em>Pteroxygonum</em>, and <em>Rumex</em>, and a new circumscription of <em>Koenigia</em>. <em>Taxon</em> 64 (6): 1188–1208. https://doi.org/10.12705/646.5</span></span></span></p>
<p align="justify"><span style="color: #000000;"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, serif;"><span style="font-size: small;">Thiers, B. (2022+) <em>Index herbariorum: a global directory of public herbaria and associated staff. New York Botanical Garden</em>. Available from: http://sweetgum.nybg.org/science/ih/ (accessed 22 September 2022)</span></span></span></p>
<p align="justify"><span style="color: #000000;"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, serif;"><span style="font-size: small;">Zhang, H.J., Zhang, X., Sun, Y.X., Landis, J.B., Li, L.J., Hu, G.W., Sun, J., Tiamiyu, B.B., Kuang, T.H., Deng, T. Sun, H. & Wang, H.C. (2022a) Plastome phylogenomics and biogeography of the subfam. Polygonoideae (Polygonaceae). <em>Frontiers in Plant Science</em> 13: 893201. https://doi.org/10.3389/fpls.2022.893201</span></span></span></p>
<p align="justify"><span style="color: #000000;"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, serif;"><span style="font-size: small;">Zhang, L.S., Chen, C.L., Mao, X.X. & Liu, J.Q. (2022b) Phylogenomics and evolutionary diversification of the subfamily Polygonoideae. <em>Journal of Systematics and Evolution</em> (online): jse.12913. https://doi.org/10.1111/jse.12913</span></span></span></p>