Abstract
We here describe a new species of Gonolobus from southeastern Loja, Ecuador: Gonolobus rumihuilcanus. The species is morphologically similar to G. albomarginatus, G. leianthus, and G. saraguranus but differs in corolla and corona morphology, and distribution. A conservation status assessment, description, photographs, and a key to congeners in Ecuador are provided. The discovery increases to five the number of Gonolobus species reported for Ecuador, with three of them endemic.
References
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<p>IUCN Standards and Petitions Subcommittee (2019) Guidelines for using the IUCN red list categories and criteria. Version 14. Prepared by the Standards and Petitions Subcommittee. [http://www.iucnredlist.org/documents/RedListGuidelines.pdf]</p>
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<p>Pittier, H. (1910) New Or Noteworthy Plants from Colombia and Central America, 2. <em>Contributions from the United States National Herbarium</em> 13: 93–131.</p>
<p>Smith, J.D. (1909) Undescribed Plants from Guatemala and Other Central American Republics. XXXII. <em>Botanical Gazette</em> 48: 294–300.</p>
<p>Stevens, W.D. (2009) Apocynaceae. <em>In</em>: Davidse, G., Sousa, M., Knapp, S. & Chiang, F. (Eds.) <em>Flora Mesoamericana</em>, Vol. 4, parte 1, Universidad Nacional Autónoma de México, Missouri Botanical Garden, The Natural History Museum (London). Ciudad Universitaria, México, D. F., pp. 733–741.</p>
<p>Templeton, A.R. (1989) The meaning of species and speciation: a genetic perspective. <em>The units of evolution: Essays on the nature of species</em> 1992: 159–183.</p>
<p>Thiers, B.M. (updated continuously) Index Herbariorum. [http://sweetgum.nybg.org/science/ih/]</p>
<p>Torres, C.M. & Repke, D.B. (1996) The use of <em>Anadenanthera colubrina</em> var. <em>Cebil</em> by Wichi (Mataco) shamans of the Chaco Central, Argentina. <em>Jahrbuch für Ethnomedizin</em> 1996: 41–58.</p>
<p>Vellozo, J.M. da C. (1827) <em>Florae Fluminensis Icones</em>. Tome 11. Ex off. lithogr. Senefelder, Paris.</p>
<p>Woodson, R.E. (1941) The North American Asclepiadaceae. I. Perspective of the genera. <em>Annals of the Missouri Botanical Garden</em> 28: 193–244.</p>
<p>Bachman, S., Moat, J., Hill, A., de la Torre, J. & Scott, B. (2011) Supporting Red List threat assessments with GeoCAT: Geospatial Conservation Assessment Tool. <em>ZooKeys</em> 150: 117‒126.</p>
<p>Brenan, J.P. (1955) Notes on Mimosoideae: I. <em>Kew Bulletin</em> 10 (2): 161–192.</p>
<p>De Viana, M.L., Giamminola, E., Russo, R. & Ciaccio, M. (2014) Morphology and genetics of <em>Anadenanthera colubrina</em> var. <em>cebil</em> (Fabaceae) tree from Salta (Northwestern Argentina). <em>Revista de Biología Tropical</em> 62 (2): 757–767.</p>
<p>Endress, M.E., Meve, U., Middleton, D.J. & Liede-Schumann, S. (2018) Apocynaceae. <em>In</em>: Kadereit, J.W. & Bittrich, V. (Eds.) <em>Flowering Plants. Eudicots, The Families and Genera of Vascular Plants</em> 15. Springer International Publishing AG, pp. 207–411. https://doi.org/10.1007/978-3-319-93605-5_3</p>
<p>Harris, J.G. & Harris, M.W. (1994) <em>Plant identification terminology: an illustrated glossary</em>. Spring Lake Publishing, Utah, 216 pp.</p>
<p>Hickey, L.J. (1973) Classification of the architecture of dicotyledonous leaves. <em>American</em> <em>Journal of Botany</em> 60: 17–33. https://doi.org/10.2307/2441319</p>
<p>IUCN Standards and Petitions Subcommittee (2019) Guidelines for using the IUCN red list categories and criteria. Version 14. Prepared by the Standards and Petitions Subcommittee. [http://www.iucnredlist.org/documents/RedListGuidelines.pdf]</p>
<p>Jørgensen, P.M. & León-Yánez, S. (1999) Catalogue of the Vascular Plants of Ecuador. <em>Monographs in Systematic Botany from the Missouri Botanical Garden</em> 75: 1–1181.</p>
<p>Krings, A. & Xiang, Q.Y. (2004) The <em>Gonolobus</em> complex (Apocynaceae: Asclepiadoideae) in the southeastern United States. <em>SIDA Contributions to Botany</em> 21: 103–116.</p>
<p>Krings, A. (2008) Revision of <em>Gonolobus</em> <em>s.s</em>. (Apocynaceae, Asclepiadoideae) in the West Indies. <em>Journal of the Botanical Research Institute of Texas</em> 2: 95–138.</p>
<p>Kunze, H. (1995) Floral morphology of some Gonolobeae (Asclepiadaceae). <em>Botanische Jahrbücher für Systematik</em> 117: 211–238.</p>
<p>León Yánez, S., Valencia Reyes, R., Pitman, N.C.A., Endara, L., Ulloa Ulloa, C. & Navarrete, H. (2011) <em>Libro Rojo de las plantas endémicas del Ecuador, </em>2 ed. Herbario QCA, Pontificia Universidad Católica del Ecuador, Quito, pp. 1–957.</p>
<p>Liede, S. & Kunze, H. (1993) A descriptive system for corona analysis in Asclepiadaceae and Periplocaceae. <em>Plant Systematics and Evolution</em> 185: 275–284.</p>
<p>Michaux, A. (1803) <em>Flora Boreali-Americana</em>. Paris et Strasbourg, France, 330 pp.</p>
<p>Morillo, G. (1990) Veinte “Asclepiadaceae” sudamericanas nuevas para la Ciencia y una nueva combinación. <em>Anales del Jardín Botánico de Madrid</em> 47: 349–359.</p>
<p>Morillo, G. (1994) Two new species and a new name in Andean Asclepiadaceae. <em>Nordic Journal of Botany</em> 14: 283–286.</p>
<p>Morillo, G. (2015) Aportes al Conocimiento de las Gonolobinae. <em>Pittieria</em> 39: 191–258.</p>
<p>Ollerton, J, Liede, S., Endress, M.E., Meve, U., Rech, A.R., Shuttleworth, A., Bernhardt, P., Celep, F., Chirango, Y., Chiriboga-Arroyo, F., Civeyrel, L., Cocucci, A., Cranmer, L., da Silva-Batista, I.C., de Jager, L., Deprá, M.S., Domingos-Melo, A., Dvorsky, C., Agostini, K., Freitas, L., Gaglianone, M.C., Galetto, L., Gilbert, M., González-Ramírez, I., Gorostiague, P., Goyder, D., Hachuy-Filho, L., Heiduk, A., Howard, A., Ionta, G., Islas-Hernández, S.C., Johnson, S.D., Joubert, L., Kaiser-Bunbury, C.N., Kephart, S., Kidyoo, A., Koptur, S., Koschnitzke, C., Lamborn, E., Livshultz, T., Machado, I.C., Marino, S., Mema, L., Mochizuki, K., Morellato, L.P.C., Mrisha, C.K., Muiruri, E.W., Nakahama, N., Nascimento, V.T., Nuttman, C., Oliveira, P.E., Peter, C.I., Punekar, S., Rafferty, N., Rapini, A., Ren, Z.-X, Rodríguez-Flores, C.I., Rosero, L., Sakai, S., Sazima, ., Steenhuisen, S.-L., Tan, C.-W., Torres, C., Trøjelsgaard, K., Ushimaru, A., Vieira, M.F., Wiemer, A.P., Yamashiro, T., Nadia, T., Queiroz, J. & Quirino, Z. (2018) The diversity and evolution of pollination systems in large plant clades: Apocynaceae as a case study. <em>Annals of Botany</em> 123: 311–325. https://doi.org/10.1093/aob/mcy127</p>
<p>Pittier, H. (1910) New Or Noteworthy Plants from Colombia and Central America, 2. <em>Contributions from the United States National Herbarium</em> 13: 93–131.</p>
<p>Smith, J.D. (1909) Undescribed Plants from Guatemala and Other Central American Republics. XXXII. <em>Botanical Gazette</em> 48: 294–300.</p>
<p>Stevens, W.D. (2009) Apocynaceae. <em>In</em>: Davidse, G., Sousa, M., Knapp, S. & Chiang, F. (Eds.) <em>Flora Mesoamericana</em>, Vol. 4, parte 1, Universidad Nacional Autónoma de México, Missouri Botanical Garden, The Natural History Museum (London). Ciudad Universitaria, México, D. F., pp. 733–741.</p>
<p>Templeton, A.R. (1989) The meaning of species and speciation: a genetic perspective. <em>The units of evolution: Essays on the nature of species</em> 1992: 159–183.</p>
<p>Thiers, B.M. (updated continuously) Index Herbariorum. [http://sweetgum.nybg.org/science/ih/]</p>
<p>Torres, C.M. & Repke, D.B. (1996) The use of <em>Anadenanthera colubrina</em> var. <em>Cebil</em> by Wichi (Mataco) shamans of the Chaco Central, Argentina. <em>Jahrbuch für Ethnomedizin</em> 1996: 41–58.</p>
<p>Vellozo, J.M. da C. (1827) <em>Florae Fluminensis Icones</em>. Tome 11. Ex off. lithogr. Senefelder, Paris.</p>
<p>Woodson, R.E. (1941) The North American Asclepiadaceae. I. Perspective of the genera. <em>Annals of the Missouri Botanical Garden</em> 28: 193–244.</p>