Abstract
As the largest genus within Paraphlomideae, the biodiversity of Paraphlomis remains to be explored. Here, P. strictiflora, a new species endemic to Fanjing Mountain in Guizhou Province, southwest China, is described and illustrated. Both our molecular phylogenetic analyses based on three plastid DNA markers (rpl32-trnL, rps16, and trnL-trnF) and nuclear ribosomal internal and external transcribed spacers (ITS and ETS) and morphological comparisons supported the treatment of P. strictiflora as a distinct species within Paraphlomis. Morphologically, P. strictiflora is most similar to P. lanceolata but can be distinguished by its much longer and conspicuously 5-veined calyx with triangular teeth, and white corolla with a straight lower lip.
References
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Guo, X.H. (1993) New taxa of Labiatae from China. Acta Phytotaxonomica Sinica 31: 266–272.
Handel-Mazzetti, H. (1936) Paraphlomis. In: Handel-Mazzetti, H. (Ed.) Symbolae Sinicae vol. 7. Springer, Vienna, pp. 921–922. https://dx.doi.org/10.5962/bhl.title.878
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Harley, R.M., Atkins, S., Budantsev, A.L., Cantino, P.D., Conn, B.J., Grayer, R., Harley, M.M., de Kok, R., Krestovskaja, T., Morales, R., Paton, A.J., Ryding, O. & Upson, T. (2004) Labiatae. In: Kubitzki, K. & Kadereit, J.W. (Eds.) The families and genera of vascular plants vol. 7. Springer, Heidelberg Dordrecht, pp. 167–275. https://doi.org/10.1007/978-3-642-18617-2_11
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Huelsenbeck, J.P. & Ronquist, F. (2001) MRBAYES: Bayesian inference of phylogenetic trees. Bioinformatics 17: 754–755. https://doi.org/10.1093/bioinformatics/17.8.754
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Katoh, K. & Standley, D.M. (2013) MAFFT multiple sequence alignment software version 7: improvements in performance and usability. Molecular Biology and Evolution 30: 772–780. https://doi.org/10.1093/molbev/mst010
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Li, H.W. & Hedge, I.C. (1994) Lamiaceae. In: Wu, C.Y. & Raven, P.H. (Eds.) Flora of China vol. 17. Science Press, Beijing & Missouri Botanical Garden Press, St. Louis, pp. 170–177.
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Makino, T. (1915) Two new genera Matsumurella Makino and Ajugoides Makino. Shokubutsugaku Zasshi 29: 279–283. https://doi.org/10.15281/jplantres1887.29.346_279
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Moench, C. (1794) Methodus plantas horti botanici et agri Marburgensis, a staminum situ describendi. Officina Nova Libraria Academiae, Marburg, 780 pp. https://doi.org/10.5962/bhl.title.304
Özturk, M., Duru, M.E., Aydogmus-Ozturk, F., Harmandar, M., Mahlicli, M., Kolak, U. & Ulubelen, A. (2009) GC-MS analysis and antimicrobial activity of essential oil of Stachys cretica subsp. smyrnaea. Natural Product Communications 4: 109–114.
Panuccio, M.R., Fazio, A., Musarella, C.M., Mendoza-Fernández, A.J., Mota, J.F. & Spampinato, G. (2018) Seed germination and antioxidant pattern in Lavandula multifida (Lamiaceae): A comparison between core and peripheral populations. Plant Biosystems 152: 398–406.
Perrino, E.V., Valerio, F., Jallali, S., Trani, A. & Mezzapesa G.N. (2021) Ecological and biological properties of Satureja cuneifolia Ten. and Thymus spinulosus Ten.: two wild officinal species of conservation concern in Apulia (Italy). A Preliminary Survey. Plants 10: 1952. https://doi.org/10.3390/plants10091952
Prain, D. (1901) Paraphlomis Prain. Annals of Royal Botanical Gardens, Calcutta 9: 59–60.
Prain, D. (1908) Paraphlomis Prain. Journal of the Asiatic Society of Bengal, Part 2, Natural History 74: 721–722.
Stamatakis, A. (2006) RAxML-VI-HPC: maximum likelihood-based phylogenetic analyses with thousands of taxa and mixed models. Bioinformatics 22: 2688–2690. https://doi.org/10.1093/bioinformatics/btl446
Stöver, B.C. & Müller, K.F. (2010) TreeGraph 2: combining and visualizing evidence from different phylogenetic analyses. BMC Bioinformatics 11: 1–9. https://doi.org/10.1186/1471-2105-11-7
Tamura, K., Stecher, G., Peterson, D., Filipski, A. & Kumar, S. (2013) MEGA6: molecular evolutionary genetics analysis version 6.0. Molecular Biology and Evolution 30: 2725–2729. https://doi.org/10.1093/molbev/mst197
Thiers, B.M. (2022) (continuously updated) Index Herbariorum: A global directory of public herbaria and associated staff. New York Botanical Garden’s Virtual Herbarium. Available from: http://sweetgum.nybg.org/science/ih/ (last accessed 8 October 2022)
Tsai, Y.H., Stow, D., Chen, H.L., Lewison, R., An, L. & Shi, L. (2018) Mapping vegetation and land use types in Fanjingshan National Nature Reserve using Google Earth Engine. Remote Sensing 10: 927. https://doi.org/10.3390/rs10060927
Valerio, F., Mezzapesa, G.N., Ghannouchi, A., Mondelli, D., Logrieco, A.F. & Perrino, E.V. (2021) Characterization and antimicrobial properties of essential oils from four wild taxa of Lamiaceae family growing in Apulia. Agronomy 11: 1431. https://doi.org/10.3390/agronomy11071431
Wu, C.Y. & Li, H.W. (1977) Paraphlomis Prain. In: Wu, C.Y. & Li, H.W. (Eds.) Flora Reipublicae Popularis Sinicae vol. 66. Science Press, Beijing, pp. 545–572.
Yan, K.J. & Fang, D. (2009) A supplement to the Paraphlomis (Lamiaceae) from Guangxi, China. Journal of Tropical and Subtropical Botany 17: 91–92.
Zhang, R.B., Deng, T., Dou, Q.L., Wei, R.X., He, L., Ma, C.B., Zhao, S. & Hu, S. (2020) Paraphlomis kuankuoshuiensis (Lamiaceae), a new species from the limestone areas of northern Guizhou, China. PhytoKeys 139: 13–20. https://doi.org/10.3897/phytokeys.139.47055
Zhao, F., Chen, Y.P., Salmaki, Y., Drew, B.T., Wilson, T.C., Scheen, A., Celep, F., Bräuchler, C., Bendiksby, M., Wang, Q., Min, D.Z, Peng, H., Olmstead, R.G., Li, B. & Xiang, C.L. (2021) An updated tribal classification of Lamiaceae based on plastome phylogenomics. BMC Biology 19: 2.
Zhao, W.Y., Zhang, Z., Fan, Q., Chen, C.Q., Liao, W.B. & Boufford, D.E. (2022) Paraphlomis jinggangshanensis (Lamiaceae), a new species from Jiangxi, China. PhytoKeys 204: 1–8. https://doi.org/10.3897/phytokeys.204.87654
Chen, Y.P., Drew, B.T., Li, B., Soltis, D.E., Soltis, P.S. & Xiang, C.L. (2016) Resolving the phylogenetic position of Ombrocharis (Lamiaceae), with reference to the molecular phylogeny of tribe Elsholtzieae. Taxon 65: 123–136. https://doi.org/10.12705/651.8
Chen, Y.P., Liu, A., Yu, X.L. & Xiang, C.L. (2021) A preliminary phylogenetic study of Paraphlomis (Lamiaceae) based on molecular and morphological evidence. Plant Diversity 43: 206–215. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.pld.2021.03.002
Chen, Y.P., Sun, Z.P., Xiao, J.F., Yan, K.J. & Xiang, C.L. (2022a) Paraphlomis longicalyx (Lamiaceae), a new species from the limestone area of Guangxi and Guizhou Provinces, southern China. Systematic Botany 47: 251–258. https://doi.org/10.1600/036364422X16442668423572
Chen, Y.P., Xiong, C., Zhou, H.L., Chen, F. & Xiang, C.L. (2022b) Paraphlomis nana (Lamiaceae), a new species from Chongqing, China. Turkish Journal of Botany 46: 176–182. https://doi.org/10.55730/1300-008X.2680
Chen, Y.P., Xiao, J.F, Xiang, C.L. & Li, X. (2022c) Paraphlomis hsiwenii (Lamiaceae), a new species from the limestone area of Guangxi, China. PhytoKeys 212: 85–96. https://doi.org/10.3897/phytokeys.212.91174
Ding, B.Y., Chen, Z.H., Xu, Y., Jin, X.F., Wu, D.F., Chen, J.B. & Wu, W.J. (2019) New species and combination of Lamiaceae from Zhejiang, China. Guihaia 39: 10–15. https://doi.org/10.11931/guihaia.gxzw201807039
Doyle, J.J. & Doyle, J.L. (1987) A rapid DNA isolation procedure for small quantities of fresh leaf tissue. Phytochemical Bulletin 19: 11–15.
Guo, X.H. (1993) New taxa of Labiatae from China. Acta Phytotaxonomica Sinica 31: 266–272.
Handel-Mazzetti, H. (1936) Paraphlomis. In: Handel-Mazzetti, H. (Ed.) Symbolae Sinicae vol. 7. Springer, Vienna, pp. 921–922. https://dx.doi.org/10.5962/bhl.title.878
Handel-Mazzetti, H. (1939) Plantae Sinenses. XXXIX. Labiatae. Acta Horti Gothoburgensis 13: 337–380.
Harley, R.M., Atkins, S., Budantsev, A.L., Cantino, P.D., Conn, B.J., Grayer, R., Harley, M.M., de Kok, R., Krestovskaja, T., Morales, R., Paton, A.J., Ryding, O. & Upson, T. (2004) Labiatae. In: Kubitzki, K. & Kadereit, J.W. (Eds.) The families and genera of vascular plants vol. 7. Springer, Heidelberg Dordrecht, pp. 167–275. https://doi.org/10.1007/978-3-642-18617-2_11
He, H.Z. & Li, M.S. (1989) Lamiaceae. In: Ling, L.K. (Ed.) Flora Fujianica vol. 4. Fujian Science and Technology Publishing House, Fujian, pp. 552–630.
Hemsley, W.B. (1890) An enumeration of all the plants known from China proper, Formosa, Hainan, the Corea, the Luchu Archipelago, and the island of Hongkong, together with their distribution and synonymy. Journal of the Linnean Society, Botany 26: 237–316.
Huelsenbeck, J.P. & Ronquist, F. (2001) MRBAYES: Bayesian inference of phylogenetic trees. Bioinformatics 17: 754–755. https://doi.org/10.1093/bioinformatics/17.8.754
Jin, X.F., Chen, Z.H. & Ding, B.Y. (2018) A new species and a new variety of Lamiaceae from Zhejiang, eastern China. Nordic Journal of Botany 36: 1–6. https://doi.org/10.1111/njb.01869
Katoh, K. & Standley, D.M. (2013) MAFFT multiple sequence alignment software version 7: improvements in performance and usability. Molecular Biology and Evolution 30: 772–780. https://doi.org/10.1093/molbev/mst010
Li, H.W. (1965) Revisio generis Paraphlomis Labiatarum Sinensium. Acta Phytotaxonomica Sinica 10: 72–73.
Li, H.W. & Hedge, I.C. (1994) Lamiaceae. In: Wu, C.Y. & Raven, P.H. (Eds.) Flora of China vol. 17. Science Press, Beijing & Missouri Botanical Garden Press, St. Louis, pp. 170–177.
Linnaeus, C. (1753) Species Plantarum vol. 2. Impensis laurentii salvii, Stockholm, 1200 pp.
Makino, T. (1915) Two new genera Matsumurella Makino and Ajugoides Makino. Shokubutsugaku Zasshi 29: 279–283. https://doi.org/10.15281/jplantres1887.29.346_279
Miller, M.A., Pfeiffer, W. & Schwartz, T. (2010) Creating the CIPRES Science Gateway for inference of large phylogenetic trees. In: Proceedings of the Gateway Computing Environments Workshop (GCE). New Orleans, LA, pp. 1–8. https://doi.org/10.1109/GCE.2010.5676129
Moench, C. (1794) Methodus plantas horti botanici et agri Marburgensis, a staminum situ describendi. Officina Nova Libraria Academiae, Marburg, 780 pp. https://doi.org/10.5962/bhl.title.304
Özturk, M., Duru, M.E., Aydogmus-Ozturk, F., Harmandar, M., Mahlicli, M., Kolak, U. & Ulubelen, A. (2009) GC-MS analysis and antimicrobial activity of essential oil of Stachys cretica subsp. smyrnaea. Natural Product Communications 4: 109–114.
Panuccio, M.R., Fazio, A., Musarella, C.M., Mendoza-Fernández, A.J., Mota, J.F. & Spampinato, G. (2018) Seed germination and antioxidant pattern in Lavandula multifida (Lamiaceae): A comparison between core and peripheral populations. Plant Biosystems 152: 398–406.
Perrino, E.V., Valerio, F., Jallali, S., Trani, A. & Mezzapesa G.N. (2021) Ecological and biological properties of Satureja cuneifolia Ten. and Thymus spinulosus Ten.: two wild officinal species of conservation concern in Apulia (Italy). A Preliminary Survey. Plants 10: 1952. https://doi.org/10.3390/plants10091952
Prain, D. (1901) Paraphlomis Prain. Annals of Royal Botanical Gardens, Calcutta 9: 59–60.
Prain, D. (1908) Paraphlomis Prain. Journal of the Asiatic Society of Bengal, Part 2, Natural History 74: 721–722.
Stamatakis, A. (2006) RAxML-VI-HPC: maximum likelihood-based phylogenetic analyses with thousands of taxa and mixed models. Bioinformatics 22: 2688–2690. https://doi.org/10.1093/bioinformatics/btl446
Stöver, B.C. & Müller, K.F. (2010) TreeGraph 2: combining and visualizing evidence from different phylogenetic analyses. BMC Bioinformatics 11: 1–9. https://doi.org/10.1186/1471-2105-11-7
Tamura, K., Stecher, G., Peterson, D., Filipski, A. & Kumar, S. (2013) MEGA6: molecular evolutionary genetics analysis version 6.0. Molecular Biology and Evolution 30: 2725–2729. https://doi.org/10.1093/molbev/mst197
Thiers, B.M. (2022) (continuously updated) Index Herbariorum: A global directory of public herbaria and associated staff. New York Botanical Garden’s Virtual Herbarium. Available from: http://sweetgum.nybg.org/science/ih/ (last accessed 8 October 2022)
Tsai, Y.H., Stow, D., Chen, H.L., Lewison, R., An, L. & Shi, L. (2018) Mapping vegetation and land use types in Fanjingshan National Nature Reserve using Google Earth Engine. Remote Sensing 10: 927. https://doi.org/10.3390/rs10060927
Valerio, F., Mezzapesa, G.N., Ghannouchi, A., Mondelli, D., Logrieco, A.F. & Perrino, E.V. (2021) Characterization and antimicrobial properties of essential oils from four wild taxa of Lamiaceae family growing in Apulia. Agronomy 11: 1431. https://doi.org/10.3390/agronomy11071431
Wu, C.Y. & Li, H.W. (1977) Paraphlomis Prain. In: Wu, C.Y. & Li, H.W. (Eds.) Flora Reipublicae Popularis Sinicae vol. 66. Science Press, Beijing, pp. 545–572.
Yan, K.J. & Fang, D. (2009) A supplement to the Paraphlomis (Lamiaceae) from Guangxi, China. Journal of Tropical and Subtropical Botany 17: 91–92.
Zhang, R.B., Deng, T., Dou, Q.L., Wei, R.X., He, L., Ma, C.B., Zhao, S. & Hu, S. (2020) Paraphlomis kuankuoshuiensis (Lamiaceae), a new species from the limestone areas of northern Guizhou, China. PhytoKeys 139: 13–20. https://doi.org/10.3897/phytokeys.139.47055
Zhao, F., Chen, Y.P., Salmaki, Y., Drew, B.T., Wilson, T.C., Scheen, A., Celep, F., Bräuchler, C., Bendiksby, M., Wang, Q., Min, D.Z, Peng, H., Olmstead, R.G., Li, B. & Xiang, C.L. (2021) An updated tribal classification of Lamiaceae based on plastome phylogenomics. BMC Biology 19: 2.
Zhao, W.Y., Zhang, Z., Fan, Q., Chen, C.Q., Liao, W.B. & Boufford, D.E. (2022) Paraphlomis jinggangshanensis (Lamiaceae), a new species from Jiangxi, China. PhytoKeys 204: 1–8. https://doi.org/10.3897/phytokeys.204.87654