Abstract
As the largest genus within Paraphlomideae, the biodiversity of Paraphlomis remains to be explored. Here, P. strictiflora, a new species endemic to Fanjing Mountain in Guizhou Province, southwest China, is described and illustrated. Both our molecular phylogenetic analyses based on three plastid DNA markers (rpl32-trnL, rps16, and trnL-trnF) and nuclear ribosomal internal and external transcribed spacers (ITS and ETS) and morphological comparisons supported the treatment of P. strictiflora as a distinct species within Paraphlomis. Morphologically, P. strictiflora is most similar to P. lanceolata but can be distinguished by its much longer and conspicuously 5-veined calyx with triangular teeth, and white corolla with a straight lower lip.
References
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<p>Li, H.W. (1965) Revisio generis <em>Paraphlomis</em> Labiatarum Sinensium. <em>Acta Phytotaxonomica Sinica</em> 10: 72–73.</p>
<p>Li, H.W. & Hedge, I.C. (1994) Lamiaceae. <em>In:</em> Wu, C.Y. & Raven, P.H. (Eds.) <em>Flora of China</em> vol. 17. Science Press, Beijing & Missouri Botanical Garden Press, St. Louis, pp. 170–177.</p>
<p>Linnaeus, C. (1753) <em>Species Plantarum</em> vol. 2. Impensis laurentii salvii, Stockholm, 1200 pp.</p>
<p>Makino, T. (1915) Two new genera <em>Matsumurella</em> Makino and <em>Ajugoides</em> Makino. <em>Shokubutsugaku Zasshi</em> 29: 279–283. https://doi.org/10.15281/jplantres1887.29.346_279</p>
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<p>Moench, C. (1794) <em>Methodus plantas horti botanici et agri Marburgensis, a staminum situ describendi.</em> Officina Nova Libraria Academiae, Marburg, 780 pp. https://doi.org/10.5962/bhl.title.304</p>
<p>Özturk, M., Duru, M.E., Aydogmus-Ozturk, F., Harmandar, M., Mahlicli, M., Kolak, U. & Ulubelen, A. (2009) GC-MS analysis and antimicrobial activity of essential oil of Stachys cretica subsp. smyrnaea. <em>Natural Product Communications</em> 4: 109–114.</p>
<p>Panuccio, M.R., Fazio, A., Musarella, C.M., Mendoza-Fernández, A.J., Mota, J.F. & Spampinato, G. (2018) Seed germination and antioxidant pattern in <em>Lavandula multifida </em>(Lamiaceae): A comparison between core and peripheral populations. <em>Plant Biosystems</em> 152: 398–406.</p>
<p>Perrino, E.V., Valerio, F., Jallali, S., Trani, A. & Mezzapesa G.N. (2021) Ecological and biological properties of <em>Satureja cuneifolia </em>Ten. and <em>Thymus spinulosus</em> Ten.: two wild officinal species of conservation concern in Apulia (Italy). A Preliminary Survey.<em> Plants</em> 10: 1952. https://doi.org/10.3390/plants10091952</p>
<p>Prain, D. (1901) <em>Paraphlomis</em> Prain. <em>Annals of Royal Botanical Gardens, Calcutta</em> 9: 59–60.</p>
<p>Prain, D. (1908) <em>Paraphlomis</em> Prain. <em>Journal of the Asiatic Society of Bengal, Part 2, Natural History</em> 74: 721–722.</p>
<p>Stamatakis, A. (2006) RAxML-VI-HPC: maximum likelihood-based phylogenetic analyses with thousands of taxa and mixed models. <em>Bioinformatics</em> 22: 2688–2690. https://doi.org/10.1093/bioinformatics/btl446</p>
<p>Stöver, B.C. & Müller, K.F. (2010) TreeGraph 2: combining and visualizing evidence from different phylogenetic analyses. <em>BMC Bioinformatics</em> 11: 1–9. https://doi.org/10.1186/1471-2105-11-7</p>
<p>Tamura, K., Stecher, G., Peterson, D., Filipski, A. & Kumar, S. (2013) MEGA6: molecular evolutionary genetics analysis version 6.0. <em>Molecular Biology and Evolution</em> 30: 2725–2729. https://doi.org/10.1093/molbev/mst197</p>
<p>Thiers, B.M. (2022) (continuously updated) Index Herbariorum: A global directory of public herbaria and associated staff. New York Botanical Garden’s Virtual Herbarium. Available from: http://sweetgum.nybg.org/science/ih/ (last accessed 8 October 2022)</p>
<p>Tsai, Y.H., Stow, D., Chen, H.L., Lewison, R., An, L. & Shi, L. (2018) Mapping vegetation and land use types in Fanjingshan National Nature Reserve using Google Earth Engine. <em>Remote Sensing</em> 10: 927. https://doi.org/10.3390/rs10060927</p>
<p>Valerio, F., Mezzapesa, G.N., Ghannouchi, A., Mondelli, D., Logrieco, A.F. & Perrino, E.V. (2021) Characterization and antimicrobial properties of essential oils from four wild taxa of Lamiaceae family growing in Apulia. <em>Agronomy</em> 11: 1431. https://doi.org/10.3390/agronomy11071431</p>
<p>Wu, C.Y. & Li, H.W. (1977) <em>Paraphlomis</em> Prain.<em> In:</em> Wu, C.Y. & Li, H.W. (Eds.) <em>Flora Reipublicae Popularis Sinicae</em> vol. 66. Science Press, Beijing, pp. 545–572.</p>
<p>Yan, K.J. & Fang, D. (2009) A supplement to the <em>Paraphlomis</em> (Lamiaceae) from Guangxi, China. <em>Journal of Tropical and Subtropical Botany</em> 17: 91–92.</p>
<p>Zhang, R.B., Deng, T., Dou, Q.L., Wei, R.X., He, L., Ma, C.B., Zhao, S. & Hu, S. (2020) <em>Paraphlomis kuankuoshuiensis</em> (Lamiaceae), a new species from the limestone areas of northern Guizhou, China. <em>PhytoKeys</em> 139: 13–20. https://doi.org/10.3897/phytokeys.139.47055</p>
<p>Zhao, F., Chen, Y.P., Salmaki, Y., Drew, B.T., Wilson, T.C., Scheen, A., Celep, F., Bräuchler, C., Bendiksby, M., Wang, Q., Min, D.Z, Peng, H., Olmstead, R.G., Li, B. & Xiang, C.L. (2021) An updated tribal classification of Lamiaceae based on plastome phylogenomics. <em>BMC Biology</em> 19: 2.</p>
<p>Zhao, W.Y., Zhang, Z., Fan, Q., Chen, C.Q., Liao, W.B. & Boufford, D.E. (2022) <em>Paraphlomis jinggangshanensis</em> (Lamiaceae), a new species from Jiangxi, China. <em>PhytoKeys</em> 204: 1–8. https://doi.org/10.3897/phytokeys.204.87654</p>
<p>Chen, Y.P., Drew, B.T., Li, B., Soltis, D.E., Soltis, P.S. & Xiang, C.L. (2016) Resolving the phylogenetic position of <em>Ombrocharis</em> (Lamiaceae), with reference to the molecular phylogeny of tribe Elsholtzieae. <em>Taxon</em> 65: 123–136. https://doi.org/10.12705/651.8</p>
<p>Chen, Y.P., Liu, A., Yu, X.L. & Xiang, C.L. (2021) A preliminary phylogenetic study of <em>Paraphlomis</em> (Lamiaceae) based on molecular and morphological evidence. <em>Plant Diversity</em> 43: 206–215. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.pld.2021.03.002</p>
<p>Chen, Y.P., Sun, Z.P., Xiao, J.F., Yan, K.J. & Xiang, C.L. (2022a) <em>Paraphlomis longicalyx</em> (Lamiaceae), a new species from the limestone area of Guangxi and Guizhou Provinces, southern China. <em>Systematic Botany</em> 47: 251–258. https://doi.org/10.1600/036364422X16442668423572</p>
<p>Chen, Y.P., Xiong, C., Zhou, H.L., Chen, F. & Xiang, C.L. (2022b) <em>Paraphlomis nana</em> (Lamiaceae), a new species from Chongqing, China. <em>Turkish Journal of Botany</em> 46: 176–182. https://doi.org/10.55730/1300-008X.2680</p>
<p>Chen, Y.P., Xiao, J.F, Xiang, C.L. & Li, X. (2022c) <em>Paraphlomis hsiwenii</em> (Lamiaceae), a new species from the limestone area of Guangxi, China. <em>PhytoKeys</em> 212: 85–96. https://doi.org/10.3897/phytokeys.212.91174</p>
<p>Ding, B.Y., Chen, Z.H., Xu, Y., Jin, X.F., Wu, D.F., Chen, J.B. & Wu, W.J. (2019) New species and combination of Lamiaceae from Zhejiang, China. <em>Guihaia</em> 39: 10–15. https://doi.org/10.11931/guihaia.gxzw201807039</p>
<p>Doyle, J.J. & Doyle, J.L. (1987) A rapid DNA isolation procedure for small quantities of fresh leaf tissue. <em>Phytochemical Bulletin</em> 19: 11–15.</p>
<p>Guo, X.H. (1993) New taxa of Labiatae from China. <em>Acta Phytotaxonomica Sinica</em> 31: 266–272.</p>
<p>Handel-Mazzetti, H. (1936) <em>Paraphlomis</em>. <em>In:</em> Handel-Mazzetti, H. (Ed.) <em>Symbolae Sinicae </em>vol. 7. Springer, Vienna, pp. 921–922. https://dx.doi.org/10.5962/bhl.title.878</p>
<p>Handel-Mazzetti, H. (1939) Plantae Sinenses. XXXIX. Labiatae. <em>Acta Horti Gothoburgensis</em> 13: 337–380.</p>
<p>Harley, R.M., Atkins, S., Budantsev, A.L., Cantino, P.D., Conn, B.J., Grayer, R., Harley, M.M., de Kok, R., Krestovskaja, T., Morales, R., Paton, A.J., Ryding, O. & Upson, T. (2004) Labiatae. <em>In:</em> Kubitzki, K. & Kadereit, J.W. (Eds.) <em>The families and genera of vascular plants</em> vol. 7. Springer, Heidelberg Dordrecht, pp. 167–275. https://doi.org/10.1007/978-3-642-18617-2_11</p>
<p>He, H.Z. & Li, M.S. (1989) Lamiaceae.<em> In:</em> Ling, L.K. (Ed.) <em>Flora Fujianica</em> vol. 4. Fujian Science and Technology Publishing House, Fujian, pp. 552–630.</p>
<p>Hemsley, W.B. (1890) An enumeration of all the plants known from China proper, Formosa, Hainan, the Corea, the Luchu Archipelago, and the island of Hongkong, together with their distribution and synonymy. <em>Journal of the Linnean Society, Botan</em>y 26: 237–316.</p>
<p>Huelsenbeck, J.P. & Ronquist, F. (2001) MRBAYES: Bayesian inference of phylogenetic trees. <em>Bioinformatics</em> 17: 754–755. https://doi.org/10.1093/bioinformatics/17.8.754</p>
<p>Jin, X.F., Chen, Z.H. & Ding, B.Y. (2018) A new species and a new variety of Lamiaceae from Zhejiang, eastern China. <em>Nordic Journal of Botany</em> 36: 1–6. https://doi.org/10.1111/njb.01869</p>
<p>Katoh, K. & Standley, D.M. (2013) MAFFT multiple sequence alignment software version 7: improvements in performance and usability. <em>Molecular Biology and Evolution</em> 30: 772–780. https://doi.org/10.1093/molbev/mst010</p>
<p>Li, H.W. (1965) Revisio generis <em>Paraphlomis</em> Labiatarum Sinensium. <em>Acta Phytotaxonomica Sinica</em> 10: 72–73.</p>
<p>Li, H.W. & Hedge, I.C. (1994) Lamiaceae. <em>In:</em> Wu, C.Y. & Raven, P.H. (Eds.) <em>Flora of China</em> vol. 17. Science Press, Beijing & Missouri Botanical Garden Press, St. Louis, pp. 170–177.</p>
<p>Linnaeus, C. (1753) <em>Species Plantarum</em> vol. 2. Impensis laurentii salvii, Stockholm, 1200 pp.</p>
<p>Makino, T. (1915) Two new genera <em>Matsumurella</em> Makino and <em>Ajugoides</em> Makino. <em>Shokubutsugaku Zasshi</em> 29: 279–283. https://doi.org/10.15281/jplantres1887.29.346_279</p>
<p>Miller, M.A., Pfeiffer, W. & Schwartz, T. (2010) Creating the CIPRES Science Gateway for inference of large phylogenetic trees. <em>In: Proceedings of the Gateway Computing Environments Workshop (GCE)</em>. New Orleans, LA, pp. 1–8. https://doi.org/10.1109/GCE.2010.5676129</p>
<p>Moench, C. (1794) <em>Methodus plantas horti botanici et agri Marburgensis, a staminum situ describendi.</em> Officina Nova Libraria Academiae, Marburg, 780 pp. https://doi.org/10.5962/bhl.title.304</p>
<p>Özturk, M., Duru, M.E., Aydogmus-Ozturk, F., Harmandar, M., Mahlicli, M., Kolak, U. & Ulubelen, A. (2009) GC-MS analysis and antimicrobial activity of essential oil of Stachys cretica subsp. smyrnaea. <em>Natural Product Communications</em> 4: 109–114.</p>
<p>Panuccio, M.R., Fazio, A., Musarella, C.M., Mendoza-Fernández, A.J., Mota, J.F. & Spampinato, G. (2018) Seed germination and antioxidant pattern in <em>Lavandula multifida </em>(Lamiaceae): A comparison between core and peripheral populations. <em>Plant Biosystems</em> 152: 398–406.</p>
<p>Perrino, E.V., Valerio, F., Jallali, S., Trani, A. & Mezzapesa G.N. (2021) Ecological and biological properties of <em>Satureja cuneifolia </em>Ten. and <em>Thymus spinulosus</em> Ten.: two wild officinal species of conservation concern in Apulia (Italy). A Preliminary Survey.<em> Plants</em> 10: 1952. https://doi.org/10.3390/plants10091952</p>
<p>Prain, D. (1901) <em>Paraphlomis</em> Prain. <em>Annals of Royal Botanical Gardens, Calcutta</em> 9: 59–60.</p>
<p>Prain, D. (1908) <em>Paraphlomis</em> Prain. <em>Journal of the Asiatic Society of Bengal, Part 2, Natural History</em> 74: 721–722.</p>
<p>Stamatakis, A. (2006) RAxML-VI-HPC: maximum likelihood-based phylogenetic analyses with thousands of taxa and mixed models. <em>Bioinformatics</em> 22: 2688–2690. https://doi.org/10.1093/bioinformatics/btl446</p>
<p>Stöver, B.C. & Müller, K.F. (2010) TreeGraph 2: combining and visualizing evidence from different phylogenetic analyses. <em>BMC Bioinformatics</em> 11: 1–9. https://doi.org/10.1186/1471-2105-11-7</p>
<p>Tamura, K., Stecher, G., Peterson, D., Filipski, A. & Kumar, S. (2013) MEGA6: molecular evolutionary genetics analysis version 6.0. <em>Molecular Biology and Evolution</em> 30: 2725–2729. https://doi.org/10.1093/molbev/mst197</p>
<p>Thiers, B.M. (2022) (continuously updated) Index Herbariorum: A global directory of public herbaria and associated staff. New York Botanical Garden’s Virtual Herbarium. Available from: http://sweetgum.nybg.org/science/ih/ (last accessed 8 October 2022)</p>
<p>Tsai, Y.H., Stow, D., Chen, H.L., Lewison, R., An, L. & Shi, L. (2018) Mapping vegetation and land use types in Fanjingshan National Nature Reserve using Google Earth Engine. <em>Remote Sensing</em> 10: 927. https://doi.org/10.3390/rs10060927</p>
<p>Valerio, F., Mezzapesa, G.N., Ghannouchi, A., Mondelli, D., Logrieco, A.F. & Perrino, E.V. (2021) Characterization and antimicrobial properties of essential oils from four wild taxa of Lamiaceae family growing in Apulia. <em>Agronomy</em> 11: 1431. https://doi.org/10.3390/agronomy11071431</p>
<p>Wu, C.Y. & Li, H.W. (1977) <em>Paraphlomis</em> Prain.<em> In:</em> Wu, C.Y. & Li, H.W. (Eds.) <em>Flora Reipublicae Popularis Sinicae</em> vol. 66. Science Press, Beijing, pp. 545–572.</p>
<p>Yan, K.J. & Fang, D. (2009) A supplement to the <em>Paraphlomis</em> (Lamiaceae) from Guangxi, China. <em>Journal of Tropical and Subtropical Botany</em> 17: 91–92.</p>
<p>Zhang, R.B., Deng, T., Dou, Q.L., Wei, R.X., He, L., Ma, C.B., Zhao, S. & Hu, S. (2020) <em>Paraphlomis kuankuoshuiensis</em> (Lamiaceae), a new species from the limestone areas of northern Guizhou, China. <em>PhytoKeys</em> 139: 13–20. https://doi.org/10.3897/phytokeys.139.47055</p>
<p>Zhao, F., Chen, Y.P., Salmaki, Y., Drew, B.T., Wilson, T.C., Scheen, A., Celep, F., Bräuchler, C., Bendiksby, M., Wang, Q., Min, D.Z, Peng, H., Olmstead, R.G., Li, B. & Xiang, C.L. (2021) An updated tribal classification of Lamiaceae based on plastome phylogenomics. <em>BMC Biology</em> 19: 2.</p>
<p>Zhao, W.Y., Zhang, Z., Fan, Q., Chen, C.Q., Liao, W.B. & Boufford, D.E. (2022) <em>Paraphlomis jinggangshanensis</em> (Lamiaceae), a new species from Jiangxi, China. <em>PhytoKeys</em> 204: 1–8. https://doi.org/10.3897/phytokeys.204.87654</p>