Abstract
The cycad species known in cultivation since the 1970s as Ceratozamia sp. ‘Presa Alemán’ was only recently described, as both C. aurantiaca Pérez-Farr., Gut.Ortega, J.L.Haynes & Vovides and C. martinezii Mart.-Domínguez, Nic.-Mor. & D.W. Stev. Because the two formal descriptions contain somewhat contradictory diagnoses, it became necessary to critically evaluate the two taxonomic treatments and clarify the discrepancies between them to allow for a clearer understanding of the species. A revised taxonomic treatment is herein provided, along with a proposal to formally synonymize C. martinezii under C. aurantiaca.
References
<p>Avendaño, S., Vovides, A.P. & Castillo-Campos, G. (2003) A new species of <em>Ceratozamia</em> (Zamiaceae, Cycadales) from Veracruz, Mexico. <em>Botanical Journal of the Linnean Society</em> 141: 395–398. https://doi.org/10.1046/j.1095-8339.2003.00145.x</p>
<p>Beentje, H. (2020) <em>The Kew Plant Glossary: An Illustrated Dictionary of Plant Terms, 2nd edition</em>. Kew Publishing, Richmond, Surry, UK, 184 pp.</p>
<p>Calonje, M., Stevenson, D.W. & Osborne, R. (2022) <em>The World List of Cycads</em>, online edition. Available from: http://www.cycadlist.org. (accessed 18 October 2022)</p>
<p>Danielopol, D.L., Gross, M., Harzhauser, M., Minati, K. & Piller, W.E. (2011) How and why to achieve greater objectivity in taxonomy, exemplified by a fossil ostracod (<em>Amplocypris abscissa</em>) from the Miocene Lake Pannon. <em>Joannea - Geologie und Paläontologie</em> 11: 273–326.</p>
<p>Hassemer, G., Prado, J. & Baldini, R.M. (2020) Diagnoses and descriptions in plant taxonomy: Are we making proper use of them? <em>Taxon</em> 69 (1): 1–4. https://doi.org/10.1002/tax.12200</p>
<p>Martínez-Domínguez, L., Nicolalde-Morejón, F., Lorea-Hernández, F.G., Vergara-Silva, F. & Stevenson, D.W. (2020) A novelty in <em>Ceratozamia</em> (Zamiaceae, Cycadales) from the Sierra Madre del Sur, Mexico: Biogeographic and morphological patterns, DNA barcoding and phenology. <em>PhytoKeys</em> 156: 1–25. https://doi.org/10.3897/phytokeys.156.53502</p>
<p>Martínez-Domínguez, L., Nicolalde-Morejón, F. & Stevenson, D.W. (2017) Qualitative and quantitative morphological evidence for recognition of a new species within <em>Ceratozamia</em> (Zamiaceae) from Mexico. <em>Phytotaxa</em> 317 (1): 17–28. https://doi.org/10.11646/phytotaxa.317.1.2</p>
<p>Martínez-Domínguez, L., Nicolalde-Morejón, F., Vergara-Silva, F. & Stevenson, D.W. (2016) Integrative taxonomy of Mexican cycads: Biogeography, morphology and DNA barcoding corroborate a new sympatric species in <em>Ceratozamia</em> (Zamiaceae). <em>Phytotaxa</em> 268 (1): 25–45. https://doi.org/10.11646/phytotaxa.268.1.2</p>
<p>Martínez-Domínguez, L., Nicolalde-Morejón, F., Vergara-Silva, F. & Stevenson, D.W. (2021) A new Mexican <em>Ceratozamia</em> (Zamiaceae) species with notes on reproductive phenology. <em>Nordic Journal of Botany</em> 39 (11): 1–11. https://doi.org/10.1111/njb.03348</p>
<p>Martínez-Domínguez, L., Nicolalde-Morejón, F., Vergara-Silva, F. & Stevenson, D.W. (2022) Monograph of <em>Ceratozamia </em>(Zamiaceae, Cycadales): An endangered genus. <em>PhytoKeys </em>208: 1–102. https://doi.org/10.3897/phytokeys.208.80382</p>
<p>Miquel, F.A.W. (1870) A la connaissance des cycadees. <em>Adansonia</em> 9: 154–180.</p>
<p>O’Toole, G.B. (1925) <em>The Case Against Evolution</em>. Macmillan, New York, 424 pp.</p>
<p>Pérez-Farrera, M.A., Gutiérrez-Ortega, J.S., Haynes, J.L., Chemnick, J., Salas-Morales, S.H., Calonje, M. & Vovides, A.P. (2021a) <em>Ceratozamia aurantiaca</em> (Zamiaceae): A new cycad species from the northern rainforests of Oaxaca, Mexico. <em>Taxonomy </em>1 (3): 243–255. https://doi.org/10.3390/taxonomy1030018</p>
<p>Pérez-Farrera, M.A., Gutiérrez-Ortega, J.S., Vovides, A.P., Calonje, M. & Díaz-Jiménez, P. (2021b) <em>Ceratozamia dominguezii</em> (Zamiaceae): A new cycad species from southeastern Mexico. <em>Taxonomy</em> 1 (4): 345–359. https://doi.org/10.3390/taxonomy1040026</p>
<p>Pérez-Farrera, M.A., Vovides, A.P., Martinez-Camilo, R., Martinez Melendez, N. & Iglesias, C. (2009) A reassessment of the <em>Ceratozamia miqueliana</em> species complex (Zamiaceae) of southeastern Mexico, with comments on species relationships. <em>Systematics and Biodiversity </em>7 (4): 433–443. https://doi.org/10.1017/S1477200009990211</p>
<p>Pérez-Farrera, M.A., Vovides, A.P., Ruiz-Castillejos, C., Galicias, S., Cibrián-Jaramillo, A. & Lopez, S. (2016) Anatomy and morphology suggest a hybrid origin of <em>Zamia katzeriana</em> (Zamiaceae). <em>Phytotaxa</em> 270 (3): 161–181. https://doi.org/10.11646/phytotaxa.270.3.1</p>
<p>Rouhan, G. & Gaudeul, M. (2021) Plant taxonomy: A historical perspective, current challenges, and perspectives. <em>In</em>: Besse, P. (Ed.) <em>Molecular Plant Taxonomy</em>, Humana, New York, pp. 1–38. https://doi.org/10.1007/978-1-0716-0997-2_1</p>
<p>Sigüenza Orozco, S. (2020) El drama del progreso por el dominio del Papaloapan: Desplazamiento y modernización en Oaxaca en el Siglo XX. <em>Relatos e Historias en Mexico</em>. Available from: https://relatosehistorias.mx/nuestras-historias/el-drama-del-progreso-por-el-dominio-del-papaloapan (accessed 4 December 2021)</p>
<p>Stevenson, D.W. (1990) Morphology and systematics of the Cycadales. <em>Memoirs of the New York Botanical Garden</em> 57: 8–55. https://doi.org/10.21135/893273507.003</p>
<p>Stevenson, D.W. (1992) A formal classification of the extant cycads. <em>Brittonia</em> 44: 220–223. https://doi.org/10.2307/2806837</p>
<p>Stevenson, D.W. (1993) The Zamiaceae in Panama with comments on phytogeography and species relationships. <em>Brittonia</em> 45 (1): 1–16. https://doi.org/10.2307/2806850</p>
<p>Stevenson, D.W., Sabato, S. & Vázquez Torres, M. (1986) A new species of <em>Ceratozamia </em>(Zamiaceae) from Veracruz, Mexico with comments on species relationships, habitats, and vegetative morphology in <em>Ceratozamia</em>. <em>Brittonia</em> 38 (1): 17–26. https://doi.org/10.2307/2807413</p>
<p>Taylor, A.S., Haynes, J.L. & Holzman, G. (2008) Taxonomical, nomenclatural, and biogeographical revelations in the <em>Zamia</em> <em>skinneri</em> species complex (Cycadales: Zamiaceae) of Central America. <em>Botanical Journal of the Linnean Society</em> 158: 399–429. https://doi.org/10.1111/j.1095-8339.2008.00886.x</p>
<p>Turland, N.J., Wiersema, J.H., Barrie, F.R., Greuter, W., Hawksworth, D.L., Herendeen, P.S., Knapp, S., Kusber, W.-H., Li, D.-Z., Marhold, K., May, T.W., McNeill, J., Monro, A.M., Prado, J., Price, M.J. & Smith, G.F. (Eds.) (2018) <em>International Code of Nomenclature for algae, fungi, and plants (Shenzhen Code) adopted by the Nineteenth International Botanical Congress Shenzhen, China, July 2017</em>. <em>Regnum Vegetabile</em> 159. Koeltz Botanical Books, Glashütten, Germany. https://doi.org/10.12705/Code.2018</p>
<p>Turrill, W.B. (1957) The subjective element in plant taxonomy. <em>Bulletin Du Jardin Botanique de l’État a Bruxelles</em> 27 (1): 1–8. https://doi.org/10.2307/3666974</p>
<p>Vázquez Torres, M., Moretti, A. & Carvajal-Hernandez, C. (2009) A new species of <em>Ceratozamia </em>(Zamiaceae) from Veracruz, Mexico. <em>Delpinoa </em>50–51: 129–133.</p>
<p>Vovides, A.P., Pérez-Farrera, M.A., González, D. & Avendaño, S. (2004) Relationships and phytogeography in <em>Ceratozamia</em> (Zamiaceae). <em>In</em>: Walters, T. & Osborne, R. (Eds.) <em>Cycad Classification: Concepts and Recommendations</em>. CABI Publishing, Wallingford, UK, pp. 109–125. https://doi.org/10.1079/9780851997414.0109</p>
<p>Vovides, A.P., Pérez -Farrera, M.A., González-Astorga, J. & Iglesias, C. (2008) A new species of <em>Ceratozamia</em> (Zamiaceae) from Oaxaca, Mexico with comments on habitat and relationships. <em>Botanical Journal of the Linnean Society</em> 157: 169–175. https://doi.org/10.1111/j.1095-8339.2008.00793.x</p>
<p>Beentje, H. (2020) <em>The Kew Plant Glossary: An Illustrated Dictionary of Plant Terms, 2nd edition</em>. Kew Publishing, Richmond, Surry, UK, 184 pp.</p>
<p>Calonje, M., Stevenson, D.W. & Osborne, R. (2022) <em>The World List of Cycads</em>, online edition. Available from: http://www.cycadlist.org. (accessed 18 October 2022)</p>
<p>Danielopol, D.L., Gross, M., Harzhauser, M., Minati, K. & Piller, W.E. (2011) How and why to achieve greater objectivity in taxonomy, exemplified by a fossil ostracod (<em>Amplocypris abscissa</em>) from the Miocene Lake Pannon. <em>Joannea - Geologie und Paläontologie</em> 11: 273–326.</p>
<p>Hassemer, G., Prado, J. & Baldini, R.M. (2020) Diagnoses and descriptions in plant taxonomy: Are we making proper use of them? <em>Taxon</em> 69 (1): 1–4. https://doi.org/10.1002/tax.12200</p>
<p>Martínez-Domínguez, L., Nicolalde-Morejón, F., Lorea-Hernández, F.G., Vergara-Silva, F. & Stevenson, D.W. (2020) A novelty in <em>Ceratozamia</em> (Zamiaceae, Cycadales) from the Sierra Madre del Sur, Mexico: Biogeographic and morphological patterns, DNA barcoding and phenology. <em>PhytoKeys</em> 156: 1–25. https://doi.org/10.3897/phytokeys.156.53502</p>
<p>Martínez-Domínguez, L., Nicolalde-Morejón, F. & Stevenson, D.W. (2017) Qualitative and quantitative morphological evidence for recognition of a new species within <em>Ceratozamia</em> (Zamiaceae) from Mexico. <em>Phytotaxa</em> 317 (1): 17–28. https://doi.org/10.11646/phytotaxa.317.1.2</p>
<p>Martínez-Domínguez, L., Nicolalde-Morejón, F., Vergara-Silva, F. & Stevenson, D.W. (2016) Integrative taxonomy of Mexican cycads: Biogeography, morphology and DNA barcoding corroborate a new sympatric species in <em>Ceratozamia</em> (Zamiaceae). <em>Phytotaxa</em> 268 (1): 25–45. https://doi.org/10.11646/phytotaxa.268.1.2</p>
<p>Martínez-Domínguez, L., Nicolalde-Morejón, F., Vergara-Silva, F. & Stevenson, D.W. (2021) A new Mexican <em>Ceratozamia</em> (Zamiaceae) species with notes on reproductive phenology. <em>Nordic Journal of Botany</em> 39 (11): 1–11. https://doi.org/10.1111/njb.03348</p>
<p>Martínez-Domínguez, L., Nicolalde-Morejón, F., Vergara-Silva, F. & Stevenson, D.W. (2022) Monograph of <em>Ceratozamia </em>(Zamiaceae, Cycadales): An endangered genus. <em>PhytoKeys </em>208: 1–102. https://doi.org/10.3897/phytokeys.208.80382</p>
<p>Miquel, F.A.W. (1870) A la connaissance des cycadees. <em>Adansonia</em> 9: 154–180.</p>
<p>O’Toole, G.B. (1925) <em>The Case Against Evolution</em>. Macmillan, New York, 424 pp.</p>
<p>Pérez-Farrera, M.A., Gutiérrez-Ortega, J.S., Haynes, J.L., Chemnick, J., Salas-Morales, S.H., Calonje, M. & Vovides, A.P. (2021a) <em>Ceratozamia aurantiaca</em> (Zamiaceae): A new cycad species from the northern rainforests of Oaxaca, Mexico. <em>Taxonomy </em>1 (3): 243–255. https://doi.org/10.3390/taxonomy1030018</p>
<p>Pérez-Farrera, M.A., Gutiérrez-Ortega, J.S., Vovides, A.P., Calonje, M. & Díaz-Jiménez, P. (2021b) <em>Ceratozamia dominguezii</em> (Zamiaceae): A new cycad species from southeastern Mexico. <em>Taxonomy</em> 1 (4): 345–359. https://doi.org/10.3390/taxonomy1040026</p>
<p>Pérez-Farrera, M.A., Vovides, A.P., Martinez-Camilo, R., Martinez Melendez, N. & Iglesias, C. (2009) A reassessment of the <em>Ceratozamia miqueliana</em> species complex (Zamiaceae) of southeastern Mexico, with comments on species relationships. <em>Systematics and Biodiversity </em>7 (4): 433–443. https://doi.org/10.1017/S1477200009990211</p>
<p>Pérez-Farrera, M.A., Vovides, A.P., Ruiz-Castillejos, C., Galicias, S., Cibrián-Jaramillo, A. & Lopez, S. (2016) Anatomy and morphology suggest a hybrid origin of <em>Zamia katzeriana</em> (Zamiaceae). <em>Phytotaxa</em> 270 (3): 161–181. https://doi.org/10.11646/phytotaxa.270.3.1</p>
<p>Rouhan, G. & Gaudeul, M. (2021) Plant taxonomy: A historical perspective, current challenges, and perspectives. <em>In</em>: Besse, P. (Ed.) <em>Molecular Plant Taxonomy</em>, Humana, New York, pp. 1–38. https://doi.org/10.1007/978-1-0716-0997-2_1</p>
<p>Sigüenza Orozco, S. (2020) El drama del progreso por el dominio del Papaloapan: Desplazamiento y modernización en Oaxaca en el Siglo XX. <em>Relatos e Historias en Mexico</em>. Available from: https://relatosehistorias.mx/nuestras-historias/el-drama-del-progreso-por-el-dominio-del-papaloapan (accessed 4 December 2021)</p>
<p>Stevenson, D.W. (1990) Morphology and systematics of the Cycadales. <em>Memoirs of the New York Botanical Garden</em> 57: 8–55. https://doi.org/10.21135/893273507.003</p>
<p>Stevenson, D.W. (1992) A formal classification of the extant cycads. <em>Brittonia</em> 44: 220–223. https://doi.org/10.2307/2806837</p>
<p>Stevenson, D.W. (1993) The Zamiaceae in Panama with comments on phytogeography and species relationships. <em>Brittonia</em> 45 (1): 1–16. https://doi.org/10.2307/2806850</p>
<p>Stevenson, D.W., Sabato, S. & Vázquez Torres, M. (1986) A new species of <em>Ceratozamia </em>(Zamiaceae) from Veracruz, Mexico with comments on species relationships, habitats, and vegetative morphology in <em>Ceratozamia</em>. <em>Brittonia</em> 38 (1): 17–26. https://doi.org/10.2307/2807413</p>
<p>Taylor, A.S., Haynes, J.L. & Holzman, G. (2008) Taxonomical, nomenclatural, and biogeographical revelations in the <em>Zamia</em> <em>skinneri</em> species complex (Cycadales: Zamiaceae) of Central America. <em>Botanical Journal of the Linnean Society</em> 158: 399–429. https://doi.org/10.1111/j.1095-8339.2008.00886.x</p>
<p>Turland, N.J., Wiersema, J.H., Barrie, F.R., Greuter, W., Hawksworth, D.L., Herendeen, P.S., Knapp, S., Kusber, W.-H., Li, D.-Z., Marhold, K., May, T.W., McNeill, J., Monro, A.M., Prado, J., Price, M.J. & Smith, G.F. (Eds.) (2018) <em>International Code of Nomenclature for algae, fungi, and plants (Shenzhen Code) adopted by the Nineteenth International Botanical Congress Shenzhen, China, July 2017</em>. <em>Regnum Vegetabile</em> 159. Koeltz Botanical Books, Glashütten, Germany. https://doi.org/10.12705/Code.2018</p>
<p>Turrill, W.B. (1957) The subjective element in plant taxonomy. <em>Bulletin Du Jardin Botanique de l’État a Bruxelles</em> 27 (1): 1–8. https://doi.org/10.2307/3666974</p>
<p>Vázquez Torres, M., Moretti, A. & Carvajal-Hernandez, C. (2009) A new species of <em>Ceratozamia </em>(Zamiaceae) from Veracruz, Mexico. <em>Delpinoa </em>50–51: 129–133.</p>
<p>Vovides, A.P., Pérez-Farrera, M.A., González, D. & Avendaño, S. (2004) Relationships and phytogeography in <em>Ceratozamia</em> (Zamiaceae). <em>In</em>: Walters, T. & Osborne, R. (Eds.) <em>Cycad Classification: Concepts and Recommendations</em>. CABI Publishing, Wallingford, UK, pp. 109–125. https://doi.org/10.1079/9780851997414.0109</p>
<p>Vovides, A.P., Pérez -Farrera, M.A., González-Astorga, J. & Iglesias, C. (2008) A new species of <em>Ceratozamia</em> (Zamiaceae) from Oaxaca, Mexico with comments on habitat and relationships. <em>Botanical Journal of the Linnean Society</em> 157: 169–175. https://doi.org/10.1111/j.1095-8339.2008.00793.x</p>