Abstract
Two new species, Coprinopsis minuta and C. squamulosa, are described from Kerala State, India, on the basis of both morphology and molecular data. Comprehensive descriptions, photographs of both the basidiocarps and the microscopic structures, and discussions are provided. Sequences of both the nuclear ribosomal internal transcribed spacer region (nrITS) and the nuclear ribosomal large subunit (nrLSU) region of the two new species were obtained and used in the BLASTn searches. Phylogenetic analysis of the nrITS sequences revealed the novelty of the species as well as their placement in the section Coprinopsis.
References
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Ganga, K.G.G. & Manimohan, P. (2018) A new species and a new record of Parasola from Kerala State, India. Phytotaxa 369 (4): 260–268. https://doi.org/10.11646/phytotaxa.369.4.3
Gierczyk, B., Rodriguez-Flakus, P., Pietras, M., Gryc, M., Czerniawski, W. & PI?tek, M. (2017) Coprinopsis rugosomagnispora: a distinct new coprinoid species from Poland (Central Europe). Plant Systematics and Evolution 303: 915–925. https://doi.org/10.1007/s00606-017-1418-7
Izumitsu, K., Hatoh, K., Sumita, T., Kitade, Y., Morita, A., Gafur, A., Ohta, A., Kawai, M., Yamanaka, T., Neda, H., Ota, Y. & Tanaka, C. (2012) Rapid and simple preparation of mushroom DNA directly from colonies and fruiting bodies for PCR. Mycoscience 53: 396–401. https://doi.org/10.1007/S10267-012-0182-3
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Pegler, D.N. (1986) Agaric flora of Sri Lanka. Kew Bulletin Additional Series 12: 1–519.
Redhead, S.A., Vilgalys, R., Moncalvo, J.M., Johnson, J. & Hopple, J.S. Jr. (2001) Coprinus Pers. and the disposition of Coprinus species sensu lato. Taxon 50: 203–241. https://doi.org/10.2307/1224525
Rambaut, A. (2014) FigTree 1.4.4 software. Institute of Evolutionary Biology, Univ. Edinburgh. Available from: http://tree.bio.ed.ac.uk/software/figtree/ (accessed 27 July 2022)
Rao, G., Dai, D., Zhao, H.N., Liang. Y., Li, Y. & Zhang, B. (2021) Two new psathyrelloid species of Coprinopsis (Agaricales, Psathyrellaceae) from China. MycoKeys 83: 85–103. https://doi.org/10.3897/mycokeys.83.71405
Stamatakis, A. (2014) RAxML Version 8: A tool for Phylogenetic Analysis and Post-Analysis of Large Phylogenies. Bioinformatics 30 (9): 1312–1313. https://doi.org/10.1093/bioinformatics/btu033
Uljé, C.B. (2005) Coprinus Pers. In: Noordeloos, M.E., Kuyper, T.W. & Vellinga, E.C. (Eds.) Flora Agaricina Neerlandica 6: Critical monographs on families of agarics and boleti occurring in the Netherlands. CRC Press, Boca Raton, pp. 22–109.
Vilgalys, R. & Hester, M. (1990) Rapid genetic identification and mapping of enzymatically amplified ribosomal DNA from several Cryptococcus species. Journal of Bacteriology 172: 4238–4246. https://doi.org/10.1128/jb.172.8.4238-4246.1990
Wächter, D. & Melzer, A. (2020) Proposal for a subdivision of the family Psathyrellaceae based on a taxon-rich phylogenetic analysis with iterative multigene guide tree. Mycological Progress 19 (11): 1151–1265. https://doi.org/10.1007/s11557-020-01606-3
White, T.J., Bruns, T., Lee, S. & Taylor, J. (1990) Amplification and direct sequencing of fungal ribosomal RNA genes for phylogenetics. In: Innis, M.A., Gelfand, D.H., Sninsky, J.J. & White, T.J. (Eds.) PCR Protocols: a guide to methods and applications. Academic Press, San Diego, California, pp. 315–322. https://doi.org/10.1016/B978-0-12-372180-8.50042-1
Anonymous (2004) The online auction color chart. Online Auction Color Co, Palo Alto, USA.
Asef, M.R., Khosravi, V. & Naeimi, S. (2015) First report of Coprinopsis urticicola from Iran. Mycologia Iranica 2 (2): 141–141.
Devadatha, B., Kumaresan, V. & Sarma, V.V. (2021) Coprinopsis natarajanii sp. nov., a new marine basidiomycete from Puducherry mangroves, East coast of India. Kavaka 57: 23–27. https://doi.org/10.36460/Kavaka/57/2021/23-27
Farook, V.A, Khan, S.S. & Manimohan, P. (2013) A checklist of agarics (gilled mushrooms) of Kerala State, India. Mycosphere 4: 144–163. https://doi.org/10.5943/mycosphere/4/1/6
Ganga, K.G.G. & Manimohan, P. (2018) A new species and a new record of Parasola from Kerala State, India. Phytotaxa 369 (4): 260–268. https://doi.org/10.11646/phytotaxa.369.4.3
Gierczyk, B., Rodriguez-Flakus, P., Pietras, M., Gryc, M., Czerniawski, W. & PI?tek, M. (2017) Coprinopsis rugosomagnispora: a distinct new coprinoid species from Poland (Central Europe). Plant Systematics and Evolution 303: 915–925. https://doi.org/10.1007/s00606-017-1418-7
Izumitsu, K., Hatoh, K., Sumita, T., Kitade, Y., Morita, A., Gafur, A., Ohta, A., Kawai, M., Yamanaka, T., Neda, H., Ota, Y. & Tanaka, C. (2012) Rapid and simple preparation of mushroom DNA directly from colonies and fruiting bodies for PCR. Mycoscience 53: 396–401. https://doi.org/10.1007/S10267-012-0182-3
Keirle, M.R., Hemmes, D.E. & Desjardin, D.E. (2004) Agaricales of the Hawaiian Islands. 8. Agaricaceae: Coprinus and Podaxis; Psathyrellaceae: Coprinopsis, Coprinellus and Parasola. Fungal Diversity 15 (3): 33–124.
Kirk, P.M., Cannon, P.F., Minter, D.W. & Stalpers, J.A. (2008) Dictionary of the Fungi, 10th Edition. CABI, Wallingford, 771 pp.
Kornerup, A. & Wanscher, J.H. (1978) Methuen handbook of colour, 3rd Edition. Methuen, London, 252 pp.
Largent, D.L. (1973) How to Identify Mushrooms to Genus I: Macroscopic Features. Mad River Press Inc., Eureka, 86 pp.
Largent, D.L., Johnson, D. & Watling, R. (1977) How to Identify Mushrooms to Genus III. Microscopic features. Mad River Press, Eureka, 148 pp.
Larsson, A. (2014) AliView: a fast and lightweight alignment viewer and editor for large data sets. Bioinformatics 30: 3276–3278. https://doi.org/10.1093/bioinformatics/btu531
Latha, K.P.D. & Manimohan, P. (2018) A new species of Hygrocybe from Kerala State, India. Phytotaxa 385 (1): 13–22. https://doi.org/10.11646/phytotaxa.385.1.2
Lebel, T., Davoodian, N., Bloomfield, M., Syme, K., May, T., Hosaka, K. & Castellano, M. (2022) A mixed bag of sequestrate fungi from five different families: Boletaceae, Russulaceae, Psathyrellaceae, Strophariaceae, and Hysterangiaceae. Swainsona 36: 33–65.
Manjula, B. (1983) A revised list of the agaricoid and boletoid basidiomycetes from India and Nepal. Proceedings of the Indian Academy of Sciences (Plant Sciences) 92: 81–213. https://doi.org/10.1007/BF03052975
Miller, M.A., Pfeiffer, W. & Schwartz, T. (2010) Creating the CIPRES Science Gateway for inference of large phylogenetic trees. Proceedings of the Gateway Computing Environments Workshop (GCE) 14 Nov. 2010. Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers, New Orleans, LA, pp. 1–8. https://doi.org/10.1109/GCE.2010.5676129
Nagy, L.G., Desjardin, D.E., Vágvölgyi, C., Kemp, R. & Papp, T. (2013) Phylogenetic analyses of Coprinopsis sections Lanatuli and Atramentarii identify multiple species within morphologically defined taxa. Mycologia 105 (1): 112–124. https://doi.org/10.3852/12-136
Natarajan, K. & Raman, N. (1983) South Indian Agaricales. J. Cramer, Vaduz, Germany, 203 pp.
Örstadius, L., Ryberg, M. & Larsson, E. (2015) Molecular phylogenetics and taxonomy in Psathyrellaceae (Agaricales) with focus on psathyrelloid species: introduction of three new genera and 18 new species. Mycological Progress 14 (5): 1–42. https://doi.org/10.1007/s11557-015-1047-x
Pegler, D.N. (1977) A preliminary Agaric flora of East Africa. Kew Bulletin Additional Series 6: 1–615.
Pegler, D.N. (1986) Agaric flora of Sri Lanka. Kew Bulletin Additional Series 12: 1–519.
Redhead, S.A., Vilgalys, R., Moncalvo, J.M., Johnson, J. & Hopple, J.S. Jr. (2001) Coprinus Pers. and the disposition of Coprinus species sensu lato. Taxon 50: 203–241. https://doi.org/10.2307/1224525
Rambaut, A. (2014) FigTree 1.4.4 software. Institute of Evolutionary Biology, Univ. Edinburgh. Available from: http://tree.bio.ed.ac.uk/software/figtree/ (accessed 27 July 2022)
Rao, G., Dai, D., Zhao, H.N., Liang. Y., Li, Y. & Zhang, B. (2021) Two new psathyrelloid species of Coprinopsis (Agaricales, Psathyrellaceae) from China. MycoKeys 83: 85–103. https://doi.org/10.3897/mycokeys.83.71405
Stamatakis, A. (2014) RAxML Version 8: A tool for Phylogenetic Analysis and Post-Analysis of Large Phylogenies. Bioinformatics 30 (9): 1312–1313. https://doi.org/10.1093/bioinformatics/btu033
Uljé, C.B. (2005) Coprinus Pers. In: Noordeloos, M.E., Kuyper, T.W. & Vellinga, E.C. (Eds.) Flora Agaricina Neerlandica 6: Critical monographs on families of agarics and boleti occurring in the Netherlands. CRC Press, Boca Raton, pp. 22–109.
Vilgalys, R. & Hester, M. (1990) Rapid genetic identification and mapping of enzymatically amplified ribosomal DNA from several Cryptococcus species. Journal of Bacteriology 172: 4238–4246. https://doi.org/10.1128/jb.172.8.4238-4246.1990
Wächter, D. & Melzer, A. (2020) Proposal for a subdivision of the family Psathyrellaceae based on a taxon-rich phylogenetic analysis with iterative multigene guide tree. Mycological Progress 19 (11): 1151–1265. https://doi.org/10.1007/s11557-020-01606-3
White, T.J., Bruns, T., Lee, S. & Taylor, J. (1990) Amplification and direct sequencing of fungal ribosomal RNA genes for phylogenetics. In: Innis, M.A., Gelfand, D.H., Sninsky, J.J. & White, T.J. (Eds.) PCR Protocols: a guide to methods and applications. Academic Press, San Diego, California, pp. 315–322. https://doi.org/10.1016/B978-0-12-372180-8.50042-1