Abstract
Russula rubiginosus sp. nov. (Subsect. Maculatinae) associated with Quercus mongolica is described and illustrated based on phylogenetic analyses of internal transcribed spacer (ITS) ribosomal DNA sequences and morphological evidence. This species is characterized by the rusty spots on the pileus and stipe, an acrid taste, a yellow spore print, smaller basidiospores, and abundant cystidia in pileipellis and stipitipellis. Furthermore, the morphological characteristics were described in detail and compared with R. globispora and R. subrubescens.
References
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<p>Adamčík, S. & Jančovičová, S. (2013) Type studies in <em>Russula</em> subsection <em>Maculatinae</em>: four species typified by H. Romagnesi. <em>Sydowia</em> 65: 201–222.</p>
<p>Adamčík, S., Caboň, M., Eberhardt, U., Saba, M., Hampe, F., Slovak, M., Kleine, J., Marxmueller, H., Jančovičová, S. & Pfister, D.H. (2016) A molecular analysis reveals hidden species diversity within the current concept of <em>Russula maculata</em> (Russulaceae, Basidiomycota). <em>Phytotaxa</em> 270 (2): 71–88. https://doi.org/10.11646/phytotaxa.270.2.1</p>
<p>Adamčík, S., Jančovičová, S. & Buyck, B. (2018) The Russulas described by Charles Horton Peck. <em>Cryptogam Mycologie</em> 39: 3–108. https://doi.org/10.7872/crym/v39.iss1.2018.3</p>
<p>Blum, J. (1952) Quelques espèces collectives de Russules. II. <em>Bulletin de la Société Mycologique de France</em> 68: 224–257.</p>
<p>Caboň, M., Li, G.J., Saba, M., Kolařík, M., Jančovičová, S., Khalid, A.N., Moreau, P.A., Wen, H.A., Pfister, D.H. & Adamčík, S. (2019) Phylogenetic study documents different speciation mechanisms within the <em>Russula globispora</em> lineage in boreal and arctic environments of the Northern Hemisphere. <em>IMA Fungus</em> 10: 1–16. https://doi.org/10.1186/s43008-019-0003-9</p>
<p>Catalogue of Life (2021) <em>Species 2000 & ITIS Catalogue of Life</em>, 2021-04-21. Species 2000: Naturalis, Leiden, Netherlands. ISSN 2405-8858. [http://www.catalogueoflife.org]</p>
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<p>Huelsenbeck, J.P. (2012) Mrbayes 3.2: efficient bayesian phylogenetic inference and model choice across a large model space. <em>Systematic Biology</em> 61: 539–542. https://doi.org/10.1093/sysbio/sys029</p>
<p>Index Fungorum (2022) Index Fungorum. Available from: http://www.indexfungorum.org/names/names.asp (accessed 30 October 2022)</p>
<p>Konrad, P. & Josserand, M. (1934) Notes su la classification des Russules. <em>Bulletin de la Société Mycologique de France</em> 50: 253–269.</p>
<p>Kiran, M., Miroslav, C., Senko, D., Abdul, N.K. & Slavomír, A. (2021) Description of the fifth new species of <em>Russula</em> subsect. <em>Maculatinae</em> from Pakistan Indicates local diversity hotspot of ectomycorrhizal fungi in southwestern himalayas.<em> Life</em> 11 (7): 662. https://doi.org/10.3390/life11070662</p>
<p>Li, G.J. (2014) <em>Taxonomy of Russula from China</em>. PhD Thesis, Institute of microbiology, Chinese Academy of Sciences & University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing. https://doi.org/10.13140/RG.2.2.20380.59522</p>
<p>Li, G.J., Deng, C.Y., Shi, L.Y., Wang, J., Meng, Q.F. & Li, S.M. (2020) Three new species of <em>Russula</em> subsect. <em>Lactarioideae</em> from China. <em>Mycosystema</em> 39: 618–636. https://doi.org/10.13346/j.mycosystema.190414</p>
<p>Li, G.J., Li, S.F., Liu, X.Z. & Wen, H.A. (2012) <em>Russula jilinensis sp</em>.<em> nov</em>. (Russulaceae<em>) </em>from northeast China. <em>Mycotaxon</em> 120: 49–58. https://doi.org/10.5248/120.49</p>
<p>Li, G.J., Li, S.F., Zhao, D. & Wen, H.A. (2015) Recent research progress of <em>Russula</em> (Russulales, Agaricomycetes): a review. <em>Mycosystema </em>34: 821–848. https://10.13346/j.mycosystema.150085</p>
<p>Li, G.J., Zhang, C., Zhao, R. & Lin, F. (2018) Two new species of <em>Russula</em> from Northeast China. <em>Mycosphere</em> 9: 431–443. https://doi.org/10.5943/mycosphere/9/3/1</p>
<p>Li, X.Y. & Bau, T. (2022) Three New Records of <em>Russula</em> from Northeast China. <em>Journal of Fungal Research</em> 20: 1–5. https://doi.org/10.13341/j.jfr.2022.1403</p>
<p>Maire, R. (1910) Les bases de la classification dans le genre <em>Russula</em>. <em>Bulletin de la Société Mycologique de France</em> 26: 49–125.</p>
<p>Nylander, J.A.A. (2004) MrModeltest v2. Program distributed by the author. Evolutionary Biology Centre, Uppsala University, Uppsala.</p>
<p>Ridgway, R. (1912) <em>Color standards and color nomenclature</em>. Robert Ridgway, Washington, 103 pp. https://doi.org/10.5962/bhl.title.144788</p>
<p>Romagnesi, H. (1962) Taxa nova ex genere <em>Russula</em>. <em>Bulletin Mensuel de la Société Linnéenne de Lyon</em> 31 (6): 172–177. https://doi.org/10.3406/linly.1962.7058</p>
<p>Romagnesi, H. (1967) <em>Les Russules d’Europe et d’Afrique du Nord</em>. Bordas, Paris, 998 pp.</p>
<p>Sarnari, M. (1998) <em>Monografia illustrate de genere Russula in Europa. Tomo Primo</em>. Vol. 1<em>.</em> A.M.B. Fondazione centro studi micologici, Vicenza, 799 pp.</p>
<p>Sarnari, M. (2005) <em>Monografia illustrate de genere Russula in Europa. Tomo Secondo</em>. Vol. 2. A.M.B. Fondazione centro studi micologici, Vicenza, 768 pp.</p>
<p>Silvestro, D. & Michalak, I. (2012) RaxmlGUI: a graphical front-end for RAxML. <em>Organisms Diversity & Evolution</em> 12: 335–337. https://doi.org/10.1007/s13127-011-0056-0</p>
<p>Song, B., Li, T.H., Wu, X.L., Li, J.J., Seng, Y.H. & Lin, Q.Y. (2007) Known species of <em>Russula</em> from China and their distribution. <em>Journal of Fungal Research </em>5 (1): 20–42. https://10.13341/j.jfr.2007.01.007</p>
<p>Tian, H.M., Liu, T.Z., Li, G.L. & Bateer (2015) Morphology and ITS sequencing analysis of Russulaceae in Inner Mongolia. <em>Journal of Inner Mongolia University (Natural Science Edition)</em> 46: 520–526. https://dx.doi.org/10.13484/j.nmgdxxbzk.20150512</p>
<p>Thompson, J.D., Gibson, T.J., Plewniak, F., Jeanmougin, F. & Higgins, G.D. (1997) The CLUSTAL-X windows interface: flexible strategies for multiple sequence alignment aided by quality analysis tools. <em>Nucleic Acids Research</em> 25 (24): 4876–4882. https://doi.org/10.1093/nar/25.24.4876</p>
<p>Wang, J., Zeng, W.J., Zhen, X., Wang, W.K., Zhu, Y.M. & Yang, Y.H. (2021a) <em>Russula abietiphila</em>, a new record of <em>Russula</em> subg. in China. <em>Journal of West China Forestry Science</em> 50: 113–119. https://doi.org/10.16473/j.cnki.xblykx1972.2021.05.016</p>
<p>Wang, Z., Wang, X.H., Qin, W.Q., Chen, Z.H., Deng, W.Q., Zhang, J.H. & Bau, T. (2021b) <em>Lactarius mirus sp</em>.<em> nov</em>. (Russulaceae, Russulales), the first species of <em>Lactarius</em> subg. <em>Plinthogalus</em> with yellowing latex in China. <em>Mycosystema</em> 40: 1591–1604. https://doi.org/10.13346/j.mycosystema.210083</p>
<p>White, T.J., Bruns, T., Lee, S. & Taylor, J. (1990) Amplifcation and direct sequencing of fungal ribosomal RNA genes for phylogenetics. <em>In: </em>Innis, M.A., Gelfand, D.H., Sninsky, J.J. & White, T.J. (Eds.) <em>PCR protocols: a guide to methods and amplifcations</em>. Academic Press, New York, pp. 315–322. https://doi.org/10.1016/B978-0-12-372180-8.50042-1</p>
<p>Zhao, R.L., Karunarathna, S. & Raspé, O. (2011) Major clades in tropical <em>Agaricus</em>. <em>Fungal Diversity</em> 51: 279–296. https://doi.org/10.1007/s13225-011-0136-7</p>
<p>Zhou, J.J., Xie, M.L., Li, G.J., Song, J., Abdulla, D., Xing, P.J., Li, Y., Ji, R.Q. & Zhang, Z.H. (2022) <em>Russula quercina</em>, a new species of <em>Russula</em> subsect. <em>Integroidinae</em> (Russulaceae, Russulales) from the <em>Quercus mongolica</em> forest in Heilongjiang Province, China.<em> Phytotaxa</em> 549 (1): 77–86. https://doi.org/10.11646/phytotaxa.549.1.6</p>
<p>Adamčík, S. & Jančovičová, S. (2013) Type studies in <em>Russula</em> subsection <em>Maculatinae</em>: four species typified by H. Romagnesi. <em>Sydowia</em> 65: 201–222.</p>
<p>Adamčík, S., Caboň, M., Eberhardt, U., Saba, M., Hampe, F., Slovak, M., Kleine, J., Marxmueller, H., Jančovičová, S. & Pfister, D.H. (2016) A molecular analysis reveals hidden species diversity within the current concept of <em>Russula maculata</em> (Russulaceae, Basidiomycota). <em>Phytotaxa</em> 270 (2): 71–88. https://doi.org/10.11646/phytotaxa.270.2.1</p>
<p>Adamčík, S., Jančovičová, S. & Buyck, B. (2018) The Russulas described by Charles Horton Peck. <em>Cryptogam Mycologie</em> 39: 3–108. https://doi.org/10.7872/crym/v39.iss1.2018.3</p>
<p>Blum, J. (1952) Quelques espèces collectives de Russules. II. <em>Bulletin de la Société Mycologique de France</em> 68: 224–257.</p>
<p>Caboň, M., Li, G.J., Saba, M., Kolařík, M., Jančovičová, S., Khalid, A.N., Moreau, P.A., Wen, H.A., Pfister, D.H. & Adamčík, S. (2019) Phylogenetic study documents different speciation mechanisms within the <em>Russula globispora</em> lineage in boreal and arctic environments of the Northern Hemisphere. <em>IMA Fungus</em> 10: 1–16. https://doi.org/10.1186/s43008-019-0003-9</p>
<p>Catalogue of Life (2021) <em>Species 2000 & ITIS Catalogue of Life</em>, 2021-04-21. Species 2000: Naturalis, Leiden, Netherlands. ISSN 2405-8858. [http://www.catalogueoflife.org]</p>
<p>Hall, T.A. (1999) Bioedit: a user-friendly biological sequence alignment editor and analysis program for windows 95/98/NT. <em>Nucleic Acids Symposium Series</em> 41: 95–98. https://doi.org/10.1021/bk-1999-0734.ch008</p>
<p>Huelsenbeck, J.P. (2012) Mrbayes 3.2: efficient bayesian phylogenetic inference and model choice across a large model space. <em>Systematic Biology</em> 61: 539–542. https://doi.org/10.1093/sysbio/sys029</p>
<p>Index Fungorum (2022) Index Fungorum. Available from: http://www.indexfungorum.org/names/names.asp (accessed 30 October 2022)</p>
<p>Konrad, P. & Josserand, M. (1934) Notes su la classification des Russules. <em>Bulletin de la Société Mycologique de France</em> 50: 253–269.</p>
<p>Kiran, M., Miroslav, C., Senko, D., Abdul, N.K. & Slavomír, A. (2021) Description of the fifth new species of <em>Russula</em> subsect. <em>Maculatinae</em> from Pakistan Indicates local diversity hotspot of ectomycorrhizal fungi in southwestern himalayas.<em> Life</em> 11 (7): 662. https://doi.org/10.3390/life11070662</p>
<p>Li, G.J. (2014) <em>Taxonomy of Russula from China</em>. PhD Thesis, Institute of microbiology, Chinese Academy of Sciences & University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing. https://doi.org/10.13140/RG.2.2.20380.59522</p>
<p>Li, G.J., Deng, C.Y., Shi, L.Y., Wang, J., Meng, Q.F. & Li, S.M. (2020) Three new species of <em>Russula</em> subsect. <em>Lactarioideae</em> from China. <em>Mycosystema</em> 39: 618–636. https://doi.org/10.13346/j.mycosystema.190414</p>
<p>Li, G.J., Li, S.F., Liu, X.Z. & Wen, H.A. (2012) <em>Russula jilinensis sp</em>.<em> nov</em>. (Russulaceae<em>) </em>from northeast China. <em>Mycotaxon</em> 120: 49–58. https://doi.org/10.5248/120.49</p>
<p>Li, G.J., Li, S.F., Zhao, D. & Wen, H.A. (2015) Recent research progress of <em>Russula</em> (Russulales, Agaricomycetes): a review. <em>Mycosystema </em>34: 821–848. https://10.13346/j.mycosystema.150085</p>
<p>Li, G.J., Zhang, C., Zhao, R. & Lin, F. (2018) Two new species of <em>Russula</em> from Northeast China. <em>Mycosphere</em> 9: 431–443. https://doi.org/10.5943/mycosphere/9/3/1</p>
<p>Li, X.Y. & Bau, T. (2022) Three New Records of <em>Russula</em> from Northeast China. <em>Journal of Fungal Research</em> 20: 1–5. https://doi.org/10.13341/j.jfr.2022.1403</p>
<p>Maire, R. (1910) Les bases de la classification dans le genre <em>Russula</em>. <em>Bulletin de la Société Mycologique de France</em> 26: 49–125.</p>
<p>Nylander, J.A.A. (2004) MrModeltest v2. Program distributed by the author. Evolutionary Biology Centre, Uppsala University, Uppsala.</p>
<p>Ridgway, R. (1912) <em>Color standards and color nomenclature</em>. Robert Ridgway, Washington, 103 pp. https://doi.org/10.5962/bhl.title.144788</p>
<p>Romagnesi, H. (1962) Taxa nova ex genere <em>Russula</em>. <em>Bulletin Mensuel de la Société Linnéenne de Lyon</em> 31 (6): 172–177. https://doi.org/10.3406/linly.1962.7058</p>
<p>Romagnesi, H. (1967) <em>Les Russules d’Europe et d’Afrique du Nord</em>. Bordas, Paris, 998 pp.</p>
<p>Sarnari, M. (1998) <em>Monografia illustrate de genere Russula in Europa. Tomo Primo</em>. Vol. 1<em>.</em> A.M.B. Fondazione centro studi micologici, Vicenza, 799 pp.</p>
<p>Sarnari, M. (2005) <em>Monografia illustrate de genere Russula in Europa. Tomo Secondo</em>. Vol. 2. A.M.B. Fondazione centro studi micologici, Vicenza, 768 pp.</p>
<p>Silvestro, D. & Michalak, I. (2012) RaxmlGUI: a graphical front-end for RAxML. <em>Organisms Diversity & Evolution</em> 12: 335–337. https://doi.org/10.1007/s13127-011-0056-0</p>
<p>Song, B., Li, T.H., Wu, X.L., Li, J.J., Seng, Y.H. & Lin, Q.Y. (2007) Known species of <em>Russula</em> from China and their distribution. <em>Journal of Fungal Research </em>5 (1): 20–42. https://10.13341/j.jfr.2007.01.007</p>
<p>Tian, H.M., Liu, T.Z., Li, G.L. & Bateer (2015) Morphology and ITS sequencing analysis of Russulaceae in Inner Mongolia. <em>Journal of Inner Mongolia University (Natural Science Edition)</em> 46: 520–526. https://dx.doi.org/10.13484/j.nmgdxxbzk.20150512</p>
<p>Thompson, J.D., Gibson, T.J., Plewniak, F., Jeanmougin, F. & Higgins, G.D. (1997) The CLUSTAL-X windows interface: flexible strategies for multiple sequence alignment aided by quality analysis tools. <em>Nucleic Acids Research</em> 25 (24): 4876–4882. https://doi.org/10.1093/nar/25.24.4876</p>
<p>Wang, J., Zeng, W.J., Zhen, X., Wang, W.K., Zhu, Y.M. & Yang, Y.H. (2021a) <em>Russula abietiphila</em>, a new record of <em>Russula</em> subg. in China. <em>Journal of West China Forestry Science</em> 50: 113–119. https://doi.org/10.16473/j.cnki.xblykx1972.2021.05.016</p>
<p>Wang, Z., Wang, X.H., Qin, W.Q., Chen, Z.H., Deng, W.Q., Zhang, J.H. & Bau, T. (2021b) <em>Lactarius mirus sp</em>.<em> nov</em>. (Russulaceae, Russulales), the first species of <em>Lactarius</em> subg. <em>Plinthogalus</em> with yellowing latex in China. <em>Mycosystema</em> 40: 1591–1604. https://doi.org/10.13346/j.mycosystema.210083</p>
<p>White, T.J., Bruns, T., Lee, S. & Taylor, J. (1990) Amplifcation and direct sequencing of fungal ribosomal RNA genes for phylogenetics. <em>In: </em>Innis, M.A., Gelfand, D.H., Sninsky, J.J. & White, T.J. (Eds.) <em>PCR protocols: a guide to methods and amplifcations</em>. Academic Press, New York, pp. 315–322. https://doi.org/10.1016/B978-0-12-372180-8.50042-1</p>
<p>Zhao, R.L., Karunarathna, S. & Raspé, O. (2011) Major clades in tropical <em>Agaricus</em>. <em>Fungal Diversity</em> 51: 279–296. https://doi.org/10.1007/s13225-011-0136-7</p>
<p>Zhou, J.J., Xie, M.L., Li, G.J., Song, J., Abdulla, D., Xing, P.J., Li, Y., Ji, R.Q. & Zhang, Z.H. (2022) <em>Russula quercina</em>, a new species of <em>Russula</em> subsect. <em>Integroidinae</em> (Russulaceae, Russulales) from the <em>Quercus mongolica</em> forest in Heilongjiang Province, China.<em> Phytotaxa</em> 549 (1): 77–86. https://doi.org/10.11646/phytotaxa.549.1.6</p>