Abstract
Allium jichouense from Sichuan Province, southwestern China is described as a new species. It grows exclusively on alpine screes or gravelly slopes at higher altitudes of 4,300–4,500 m. Morphologically, it resembles A. sikkimense in bulb and floral features, but differs significantly in its falcate or curled, commonly reddish-purple pigmented leaves, scapes and spathe-valves. Phylogenetic analyses confirm that the new species belongs to A. sect. Sikkimensia and is nested within different populations of A. sikkimense. The possible scenarios are discussed for the embedded phylogenetic relationship of A. jichouense within A. sikkimense. A detailed morphological description, illustrations and habit features of the new species are given.
References
Airy-Shaw, H.K. (1931) Allia praesertim Sinensia nova vel minus cognita. Notes from the Royal Botanic Garden, Edinburgh 16: 135–147.
Baker, J.G. (1874) On the Alliums of India, China and Japan. Journal of Botany, British and Foreign 12: 292–293.
Crawford, D.J. (2010) Progenitor-derivative species pairs and plant speciation. Taxon 59 (5): 1413–1423. https://doi.org/10.1002/tax.595008
Diels, L. (1912) Plantae Chinenses Forrestianae. New and imperfectly known species. Notes from the Royal Botanic Garden, Edinburgh 5: 161–304.
Ekberg, L. (1969) Studies in the genus Allium. II. A new subgenus and new sections from Asia. Botaniska Notiser 122: 57–68.
Friesen, N., Fritsch, R.M. & Blattner, F.R. (2006) Phylogeny and intrageneric classification of Allium (Alliaceae) based on nuclear ribosomal DNA ITS sequences. Aliso 22: 372–395. https://doi.org/10.5642/aliso.20062201.31
Gutiérrez, E.E. & Garbino, G.S.T. (2018) Species delimitation based on diagnosis and monophyly, and its importance for advancing mammalian taxonomy. Zoological Research 39 (5): 301–308. https://doi.org/10.24272/j.issn.2095-8137.2018.037
Hanelt, P. & Fritsch, R. (1994) Notes on some infrageneric taxa in Allium L. Kew Bulletin 49: 559–564.
Herden, T., Hanelt, P. & Friesen, N. (2016) Phylogeny of Allium L. subgenus Anguinum (G.Don. ex W.D.J.Koch) N.Friesen (Amaryllidaceae). Molecular Phylogenetics and Evolution 95: 79–93. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.ympev.2015.11.004
Huang, D.Q. (2014) Molecular systematic of Allium subgenus Cyathophora, sects. Bromatorrhiza and Sikkimensia (Amaryllidaceae) and intraspecific genetic differentiation of A. wallichii. Ph.D Thesis. Sichuan University. Chengdu, Sichuan, China, 149 pp.
Huang, D.Q., Yang, J.T., Zhou, C.J., Zhou, S.D. & He, X.J. (2014) Phylogenetic reappraisal of Allium subgenus Cyathophora (Amaryllidaceae) and related taxa, with a proposal of two new sections. Journal of Plant Research 127: 275–286. https://doi.org/10.1007/s10265-013-0617-8
Jang, J.E., Park, J.S., Jung, J.Y., Kim, D.K., Yang, S.Y. & Choi, H.J. (2021) Notes on Allium section Rhizirideum (Amaryllidaceae) in South Korea and northeastern china: With a new species from Ulleungdo island. PhytoKeys 176 (4): 1–19. https://doi.org/10.3897/phytokeys.176.63378
Jin, J.J., Yu, W.B., Yang, J.B., Song, Y., Yi, T.S. & Li, D.Z. (2020) GetOrganelle: a fast and versatile toolkit for accurate de novo assembly of organelle genomes. Genome Biology 21: 241. https://doi.org/10.1186/s13059-020-02154-5
Koch, W.D.J. (1837) Synopsis florae Germanicae et Helveticae: exhibens stirpes phanerogamas et vasculares rite cognitas, quae in Germania, Hervetia, Borussia et Istria sponte crescunt atque in hominum usum copiosius coluntur. Index generum, specierum et synonymorum. Francofurti ad Moenum: Sumptibus Friederici Wilmans (1838), pp. 714–721
Kumar, S., Stecher, G. & Tamura, K. (2016) Mega7: molecular evolutionary genetics analysis version 7.0 for bigger datasets. Molecular Biology and Evolution 33: 1870–1874. https://doi.org/10.1093/molbev/msw054
Linnaeus, C. (1753) Species plantarum vol. 1. Impensis Laurentii Salvii, Holmiae, 560 pp.
Li, M.J., Yu, H.X., Guo, X.L. & He, X.J. (2021) Out of the Qinghai–Tibetan Plateau and rapid radiation across Eurasia for Allium section Daghestanica (Amaryllidaceae). AoB PLANTS 13: plab017. https://doi.org/10.1093/aobpla/plab017
Li, Q.Q., Zhou, S.D., Huang, D.Q., He, X.J. & Wei, X.Q. (2016) Molecular phylogeny, divergence time estimates and historical biogeography within one of the world’s largest monocot genera. AoB PLANTS 8: plw041. https://doi.org/10.1093/aobpla/plw041
Li, X.H., Zhu, X.X., Niu, Y. & Sun, H. (2014) Phylogenetic clustering and overdispersion for alpine plants along elevational gradient in the Hengduan Mountains Region, southwest China. Journal of Systematics and Evolution 52 (3): 280–288. https://doi.org/10.1111/jse.12027
Mayr, E. (1954) Change of genetic environment and evolution. In: Huxley, J., Hardy, A.C. & Ford, E.B. (Eds.) Evolution as a process. Allen & Unwin, London, pp. 157–180.
Mittermeier, R.A., Turner, W.R., Larsen, F.W., Brooks, T.M. & Gascon, C. (2011) Global biodiversity conservation: the critical role of hotspots. Biodiversity hotspots, Springer Berlin Heidelberg, pp. 3–22.
Musarella, C.M., Brullo, S. & del Galdo, G.G. (2020) Contribution to the orophilous cushion-like vegetation of central-southern and insular Greece. Plants 9 (12):1678. https://doi.org/10.3390/plants9121678
Nylander, J.A.A. (2004) MrModelTest 2.2. Program distributed by the author. Evolutionary Biology Centre, Uppsala University.
Redouté, P.J. (1804) Les Liliacées 2. Didot Jeune, Paris, sine pag.
Regel, E. (1887) Allii species Asiae Centralis in Asia Media a Turcomania desertisque Araliensibus et Caspicis usque ad Mongoliam crescentes. Trudy Imperatorskago S.-Peterburgskago Botaniceskago Sada. Acta Horti Petropolitani. St. Petersburg 10: 278–362.
Rendle, A.B. & D.Sc., M.A. (1906) New monocotyledons from China and Tibet. Journal of Botany, British and Foreign 44: 41–46.
Ronquist, F. & Huelsenbeck, J.P. (2003) MrBayes 3: Bayesian phylogenetic inference under mixed models. Bioinformatics 19: 1572–1574. https://doi.org/10.1093/bioinformatics/btg180
Sinitsyna, T.A., Herden, T. & Friesen, N. (2016) Dated phylogeny and biogeography of the Eurasian Allium section Rhizirideum (Amaryllidaceae). Plant Systematics and Evolution 302 (9): 1–18. https://doi.org/10.1007/s00606-016-1333-3
Smith, W.W. (1914) Diagnoses specierum novarum in herbario Horti Regii Botanici Edinburgensis cognitarum (Species chinenses) LI–CII. Notes from the Royal Botanic Garden, Edinburgh 8: 176–177.
Sun, H., Zhang, J.W., Deng, T. & Boufford, D.E. (2017) Origins and evolution of plant diversity in the Hengduan Mountains, China. Plant diversity 39 (4): 161–166. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.pld.2017.09.004
Swofford, D.L. (2003) PAUP* Version 4.0b10: Phylogenetic Analysis using Parsimony* and other Methods. Sinauer Associates, Sunderland.
Thiers, B. (2022) [Continuously updated] Index Herbariorum: A global Directory of Public Herbaria and Associated Staff. New York Botanical Garden. [http://sweetgum.nybg.org/science/ih/]
Traub, H.P. (1972) Genus Allium L. - subgenera, sections and subsections. Plant Life 28: 132–137.
Tscholokaschvili, N.B. (1965) New series Daghestanica Tscholok. from section Rhizirideum Don of genus Allium. Zametki po Sistematike i Geografii Rastenii. Akademiia nauk Gruzinskoi SSR 25: 83–102. [in Russian]
Wang, F.T. & Tang, T. (1937) Notes on Chinese Liliaceae IV. Bulletin of the Fan Memorial Institute of Biology, Botany 7: 281–304.
Wendelbo, P. (1969) New Subgenera, Sections and Species of Allium. Botaniska Notiser 122: 25–37.
Xie, C., Xie, D.F., Zhong, Y., Guo, X.L., Liu, Q., Zhou, S.D. & He, Y.J. (2019) The effect of Hengduan Mountains Region (HMR) uplift to environmental changes in the HMR and its eastern adjacent area: Tracing the evolutionary history of Allium section Sikkimensia (Amaryllidaceae). Molecular Phylogenetics and Evolution 130: 380–396. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.ympev.2018.09.011
Xu, J.M. (1980) Monocotyledoneae-Liliaceae Allium L. In: Wang, F.T. & Tang, T. (Eds.) Flora Reipublicae Popularis Sinicae 14. Science Press, Beijing, pp. 170–272, 283–285.
Xu, J.M. & Kamelin, R.V. (2000) Allium L. In: Wu, Z.Y. & Raven, P.H. (Eds.) Flora of China 24 (Flagellariaceae through Marantaceae). Science Press, Beijing, and Missouri Botanical Garden Press, St. Louis, pp. 165–202.
Baker, J.G. (1874) On the Alliums of India, China and Japan. Journal of Botany, British and Foreign 12: 292–293.
Crawford, D.J. (2010) Progenitor-derivative species pairs and plant speciation. Taxon 59 (5): 1413–1423. https://doi.org/10.1002/tax.595008
Diels, L. (1912) Plantae Chinenses Forrestianae. New and imperfectly known species. Notes from the Royal Botanic Garden, Edinburgh 5: 161–304.
Ekberg, L. (1969) Studies in the genus Allium. II. A new subgenus and new sections from Asia. Botaniska Notiser 122: 57–68.
Friesen, N., Fritsch, R.M. & Blattner, F.R. (2006) Phylogeny and intrageneric classification of Allium (Alliaceae) based on nuclear ribosomal DNA ITS sequences. Aliso 22: 372–395. https://doi.org/10.5642/aliso.20062201.31
Gutiérrez, E.E. & Garbino, G.S.T. (2018) Species delimitation based on diagnosis and monophyly, and its importance for advancing mammalian taxonomy. Zoological Research 39 (5): 301–308. https://doi.org/10.24272/j.issn.2095-8137.2018.037
Hanelt, P. & Fritsch, R. (1994) Notes on some infrageneric taxa in Allium L. Kew Bulletin 49: 559–564.
Herden, T., Hanelt, P. & Friesen, N. (2016) Phylogeny of Allium L. subgenus Anguinum (G.Don. ex W.D.J.Koch) N.Friesen (Amaryllidaceae). Molecular Phylogenetics and Evolution 95: 79–93. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.ympev.2015.11.004
Huang, D.Q. (2014) Molecular systematic of Allium subgenus Cyathophora, sects. Bromatorrhiza and Sikkimensia (Amaryllidaceae) and intraspecific genetic differentiation of A. wallichii. Ph.D Thesis. Sichuan University. Chengdu, Sichuan, China, 149 pp.
Huang, D.Q., Yang, J.T., Zhou, C.J., Zhou, S.D. & He, X.J. (2014) Phylogenetic reappraisal of Allium subgenus Cyathophora (Amaryllidaceae) and related taxa, with a proposal of two new sections. Journal of Plant Research 127: 275–286. https://doi.org/10.1007/s10265-013-0617-8
Jang, J.E., Park, J.S., Jung, J.Y., Kim, D.K., Yang, S.Y. & Choi, H.J. (2021) Notes on Allium section Rhizirideum (Amaryllidaceae) in South Korea and northeastern china: With a new species from Ulleungdo island. PhytoKeys 176 (4): 1–19. https://doi.org/10.3897/phytokeys.176.63378
Jin, J.J., Yu, W.B., Yang, J.B., Song, Y., Yi, T.S. & Li, D.Z. (2020) GetOrganelle: a fast and versatile toolkit for accurate de novo assembly of organelle genomes. Genome Biology 21: 241. https://doi.org/10.1186/s13059-020-02154-5
Koch, W.D.J. (1837) Synopsis florae Germanicae et Helveticae: exhibens stirpes phanerogamas et vasculares rite cognitas, quae in Germania, Hervetia, Borussia et Istria sponte crescunt atque in hominum usum copiosius coluntur. Index generum, specierum et synonymorum. Francofurti ad Moenum: Sumptibus Friederici Wilmans (1838), pp. 714–721
Kumar, S., Stecher, G. & Tamura, K. (2016) Mega7: molecular evolutionary genetics analysis version 7.0 for bigger datasets. Molecular Biology and Evolution 33: 1870–1874. https://doi.org/10.1093/molbev/msw054
Linnaeus, C. (1753) Species plantarum vol. 1. Impensis Laurentii Salvii, Holmiae, 560 pp.
Li, M.J., Yu, H.X., Guo, X.L. & He, X.J. (2021) Out of the Qinghai–Tibetan Plateau and rapid radiation across Eurasia for Allium section Daghestanica (Amaryllidaceae). AoB PLANTS 13: plab017. https://doi.org/10.1093/aobpla/plab017
Li, Q.Q., Zhou, S.D., Huang, D.Q., He, X.J. & Wei, X.Q. (2016) Molecular phylogeny, divergence time estimates and historical biogeography within one of the world’s largest monocot genera. AoB PLANTS 8: plw041. https://doi.org/10.1093/aobpla/plw041
Li, X.H., Zhu, X.X., Niu, Y. & Sun, H. (2014) Phylogenetic clustering and overdispersion for alpine plants along elevational gradient in the Hengduan Mountains Region, southwest China. Journal of Systematics and Evolution 52 (3): 280–288. https://doi.org/10.1111/jse.12027
Mayr, E. (1954) Change of genetic environment and evolution. In: Huxley, J., Hardy, A.C. & Ford, E.B. (Eds.) Evolution as a process. Allen & Unwin, London, pp. 157–180.
Mittermeier, R.A., Turner, W.R., Larsen, F.W., Brooks, T.M. & Gascon, C. (2011) Global biodiversity conservation: the critical role of hotspots. Biodiversity hotspots, Springer Berlin Heidelberg, pp. 3–22.
Musarella, C.M., Brullo, S. & del Galdo, G.G. (2020) Contribution to the orophilous cushion-like vegetation of central-southern and insular Greece. Plants 9 (12):1678. https://doi.org/10.3390/plants9121678
Nylander, J.A.A. (2004) MrModelTest 2.2. Program distributed by the author. Evolutionary Biology Centre, Uppsala University.
Redouté, P.J. (1804) Les Liliacées 2. Didot Jeune, Paris, sine pag.
Regel, E. (1887) Allii species Asiae Centralis in Asia Media a Turcomania desertisque Araliensibus et Caspicis usque ad Mongoliam crescentes. Trudy Imperatorskago S.-Peterburgskago Botaniceskago Sada. Acta Horti Petropolitani. St. Petersburg 10: 278–362.
Rendle, A.B. & D.Sc., M.A. (1906) New monocotyledons from China and Tibet. Journal of Botany, British and Foreign 44: 41–46.
Ronquist, F. & Huelsenbeck, J.P. (2003) MrBayes 3: Bayesian phylogenetic inference under mixed models. Bioinformatics 19: 1572–1574. https://doi.org/10.1093/bioinformatics/btg180
Sinitsyna, T.A., Herden, T. & Friesen, N. (2016) Dated phylogeny and biogeography of the Eurasian Allium section Rhizirideum (Amaryllidaceae). Plant Systematics and Evolution 302 (9): 1–18. https://doi.org/10.1007/s00606-016-1333-3
Smith, W.W. (1914) Diagnoses specierum novarum in herbario Horti Regii Botanici Edinburgensis cognitarum (Species chinenses) LI–CII. Notes from the Royal Botanic Garden, Edinburgh 8: 176–177.
Sun, H., Zhang, J.W., Deng, T. & Boufford, D.E. (2017) Origins and evolution of plant diversity in the Hengduan Mountains, China. Plant diversity 39 (4): 161–166. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.pld.2017.09.004
Swofford, D.L. (2003) PAUP* Version 4.0b10: Phylogenetic Analysis using Parsimony* and other Methods. Sinauer Associates, Sunderland.
Thiers, B. (2022) [Continuously updated] Index Herbariorum: A global Directory of Public Herbaria and Associated Staff. New York Botanical Garden. [http://sweetgum.nybg.org/science/ih/]
Traub, H.P. (1972) Genus Allium L. - subgenera, sections and subsections. Plant Life 28: 132–137.
Tscholokaschvili, N.B. (1965) New series Daghestanica Tscholok. from section Rhizirideum Don of genus Allium. Zametki po Sistematike i Geografii Rastenii. Akademiia nauk Gruzinskoi SSR 25: 83–102. [in Russian]
Wang, F.T. & Tang, T. (1937) Notes on Chinese Liliaceae IV. Bulletin of the Fan Memorial Institute of Biology, Botany 7: 281–304.
Wendelbo, P. (1969) New Subgenera, Sections and Species of Allium. Botaniska Notiser 122: 25–37.
Xie, C., Xie, D.F., Zhong, Y., Guo, X.L., Liu, Q., Zhou, S.D. & He, Y.J. (2019) The effect of Hengduan Mountains Region (HMR) uplift to environmental changes in the HMR and its eastern adjacent area: Tracing the evolutionary history of Allium section Sikkimensia (Amaryllidaceae). Molecular Phylogenetics and Evolution 130: 380–396. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.ympev.2018.09.011
Xu, J.M. (1980) Monocotyledoneae-Liliaceae Allium L. In: Wang, F.T. & Tang, T. (Eds.) Flora Reipublicae Popularis Sinicae 14. Science Press, Beijing, pp. 170–272, 283–285.
Xu, J.M. & Kamelin, R.V. (2000) Allium L. In: Wu, Z.Y. & Raven, P.H. (Eds.) Flora of China 24 (Flagellariaceae through Marantaceae). Science Press, Beijing, and Missouri Botanical Garden Press, St. Louis, pp. 165–202.