Abstract
Dimelaena tibetica is described as a species new to science, characterized by a grayish yellow surface, usually with a covering of white pruina, a crustose thallus, areolate at center, radiate-plicate at margin, adnate apothecia and lacking gyrophoric acid. It differs from other usnic acid-containing Dimelaena species by its plane marginal lobes and adnate apothecia. Based on the study of fresh specimens from the environment of the type locality, Dimelaena altissima is proposed as a new combination. A fresh specimen of Dimelaena oreina (type species of the genus Dimelaena) was collected in the Swiss Alps, in the vicinity of the area where the type material of the species presumably was collected, and a sequence was generated to confirm the phylogenetic position of this genus. All three species share common characters: usnic acid content and a yellowish green upper surface. Descriptions of these species were based on a combination of morphological and phylogenetic analyses. A key and phylogram are provided for these three Dimelaena species which produce usnic acid.
References
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<p align="justify"><span style="color: #000000;"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, serif;"><span style="font-size: small;">Aptroot, A. & Cáceres, M.E.S. (2018) New species and new records of lichens from inselbergs and surrounding Atlantic rain forest in the Chapada Diamantina (Bahia, Brazil). Herzogia 31: 359–373. https://doi.org/10.13158/heia.31.1.2018.359</span></span></span>
<p align="justify"><span style="color: #000000;"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, serif;"><span style="font-size: small;">Elix, J.A. (2017) A new species of Dimelaena (Physciaceae, Ascomycota) from Victoria, Australia. Australasian Lichenology 80: 38–40.</span></span></span>
<p align="justify"><span style="color: #000000;"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, serif;"><span style="font-size: small;">Gardes, M. & Bruns, T.D. (1993) ITS primers with enhanced specificity for basidiomycetes. Application for the identification of mycorrhizae and rusts. Molecular Ecology 2: 113–118. https://doi.org/10.1111/j.1365-294X.1993.tb00005.x</span></span></span>
<p align="justify"><span style="color: #000000;"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, serif;"><span style="font-size: small;">Gaya, E., Högnabba, F., Holguin, Á., Molnar, K., Fernández-Brime, S., Stenroos, S., Arup, U., Søchting, U., Van den Boom, P., Lücking, R., Sipman, H.J.M. & Lutzoni, F. (2012) Implementing a cumulative supermatrix approach for a comprehensive phylogenetic study of the Teloschistales (Pezizomycotina, Ascomycota). Molecular Phylogenetics and Evolution 63: 374–387. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.ympev.2012.01.012</span></span></span>
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<p align="justify"><span style="color: #000000;"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, serif;"><span style="font-size: small;">Guindon, S., Dufayard, J.F., Lefort, V., Anisimova, M., Hordijk, W. & Gascuel, O. (2010) New algorithms and methods to estimate maximum-likelihood phylogenies: assessing the performance of PhyML 3.0. Systematic Biology 59: 307–321. https://doi.org/10.1093/sysbio/syq010</span></span></span>
<p align="justify"><span style="color: #000000;"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, serif;"><span style="font-size: small;">Hale, M.E. & Culberson, W.L. (1970) A fourth checklist of the lichens of the continental United States and Canada. The Bryologist 73: 499–543. https://doi.org/10.2307/3241492</span></span></span>
<p align="justify"><span style="color: #000000;"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, serif;"><span style="font-size: small;">Hall, B.G. (2008) Phylogenetic Trees Made Easy: A How-To Manual 3<sup>rd</sup> Edition. Sinauer Associates, Sunderland, Massachusetts, pp.125–141.</span></span></span>
<p align="justify"><span style="color: #000000;"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, serif;"><span style="font-size: small;">Katoh, K., Kuma, K., Toh, H. & Miyata, T. (2005) MAFFT version 7, improvement in accuracy of multiple sequence alignment. Nucleic Acids Research 33: 511–518. https://doi.org/10.1093/nar/gki198</span></span></span>
<p align="justify"><span style="color: #000000;"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, serif;"><span style="font-size: small;">Knudsen, K., Sheard, J.W., Kocourková, J. & Mayrhofer, H. (2013) A new lichenicolous lichen from Europe and western North America in the genus Dimelaena (Physciaceae). The Bryologist 116: 257–262. https://doi.org/10.1639/0007-2745-116.3.257</span></span></span>
<p align="justify"><span style="color: #000000;"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, serif;"><span style="font-size: small;">Lanfear, R., Calcott, B., Ho, S.Y. & Guindon, S. (2012) PartitionFinder: combined selection of partitioning schemes and substitution models for phylogenetic analyses. Molecular Biology and Evolution 29: 1695–1701. https://doi.org/10.1093/molbev/mss020</span></span></span>
<p align="justify"><span style="color: #000000;"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, serif;"><span style="font-size: small;">Lanfear, R., Frandsen, P.B., Wright, A.M., Senfeld, T. & Calcott, B. (2017) PartitionFinder 2: new methods for selecting partitioned models of evolution for molecular and morphological phylogenetic analyses. Molecular Biology and Evolution 34: 772–773. https://doi.org/10.1093/molbev/msw260</span></span></span>
<p align="justify"><span style="color: #000000;"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, serif;"><span style="font-size: small;">Magnusson, A.H. (1940) Lichens from central Asia I. In: Hedin, S. (Ed.) Reports Scientific Exped. Nort-West provinces of China (the Sino-Swedish Expedition). Publication 13, XI. Botany 1, Stockholm, Aktiebolaget Thule, pp. 1–168.</span></span></span>
<p align="justify"><span style="color: #000000;"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, serif;"><span style="font-size: small;">Magnusson, A.H. (1944) Lichens from Central Asia II. In: Hedin, S. (Ed.) Reports Scientific Expedition North-West provinces of China (the Sino-Swedish Expedition). Publication 22, XI. Botany 2, Stockholm, Aktiebolaget Thule, pp. 1–68 + 8 plates. </span></span></span>
<p align="justify"><span style="color: #000000;"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, serif;"><span style="font-size: small;">Mayrhofer, H., Matzer, M., Wippel, A. & Elix, J.A. (1996) The genus Dimelaena (lichenized Ascomycetes, Physciaceae) in the southern hemisphere. Mycotaxon 58: 293–311. </span></span></span>
<p align="justify"><span style="color: #000000;"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, serif;"><span style="font-size: small;">Müller, J. (1881) Lichenologische Beiträge XIV. Flora (Regensburg) 64 (32): 505–527.</span></span></span>
<p align="justify"><span style="color: #000000;"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, serif;"><span style="font-size: small;">Norman, J.M. (1852) Conatus praemissus redactionis novae generum nonnullorum lichenum in organis fructificationis vel sporis fundatae. Nytt Magazin Naturvidenskapene 7: 213–252. </span></span></span>
<p align="justify"><span style="color: #000000;"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, serif;"><span style="font-size: small;">Obermayer, W., Blaha, J. & Mayrhofer, H. (2004) Buellia centralis and chemotypes of Dimelaena oreina in Tibet and other Central-Asian regions. Symbolae Botanicae Upsaliensis 34: 327–342. </span></span></span>
<p align="justify"><span style="color: #000000;"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, serif;"><span style="font-size: small;">Orange, A., James, P.W. & White, F.J. (2001) Microchemical methods for the identification of lichens. British Lichen Society, London, 101 pp.</span></span></span>
<p align="justify"><span style="color: #000000;"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, serif;"><span style="font-size: small;">Poelt, J. (1969) Bestimmungsschlüssel europäischer Flechten. Lehre, 757 pp.</span></span></span>
<p align="justify"><span style="color: #000000;"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, serif;"><span style="font-size: small;">Prieto, M. & Wedin, M. (2017) Phylogeny, taxonomy and diversification events in the Caliciaceae. Fungal Diversity 82: 221–238. https://doi.org/10.1007/s13225-0160372-y</span></span></span>
<p align="justify"><span style="color: #000000;"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, serif;"><span style="font-size: small;">Rambaut, A. (2012) FigTree, version 1.4.0., Institute of Evolutionary Biology, University of Edinburgh. Available at: http://tree.bio.ed.ac.uk/software/figtree/ (accessed 1 December 2022)</span></span></span>
<p align="justify"><span style="color: #000000;"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, serif;"><span style="font-size: small;">Rehner, S.A. & Samuels, G.J. (1994) Taxonomy and phylogeny of Gliocladium analysed from nuclear large subunit ribosomal DNA sequences. Mycological Research 98: 625–634. https://doi.org/10.1016/S0953-7562(09)80409-7</span></span></span>
<p align="justify"><span style="color: #000000;"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, serif;"><span style="font-size: small;">Ronquist, F., Teslenko, M., van der Mark, P., Ayres, D., Darling, A., Höhna, S., Larget, B., Liu, L., Suchard, M.A. & Huelsenbeck, J.P. (2012) MrBayes 3.2: Ecient Bayesian phylogenetic inference and model choice across a large model space. Systematic Biology 61 (3): 539–542. https://doi.org/10.1093/sysbio/sys029</span></span></span>
<p align="justify"><span style="color: #000000;"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, serif;"><span style="font-size: small;">Sheard, J.W. (1974) The genus Dimelaena in North America north of Mexico. Bryologist 77: 128–141. https://doi.org/10.2307/3241550</span></span></span>
<p align="justify"><span style="color: #000000;"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, serif;"><span style="font-size: small;">Sheard, J.W. & Ahti, T. (1975) The lichen Dimelaena oreina in east-central Asia, with notes on its typification and chemical races. Annales Botanici Fennici 12: 89–92. </span></span></span>
<p align="justify"><span style="color: #000000;"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, serif;"><span style="font-size: small;">Sheard, J.W. & Mayrhofer, H. (1984) Two new species of the lichenized Ascomycete genus Dimelaena Norm. The Bryologist 87: 246–248. https://doi.org/10.2307/3242800</span></span></span>
<p align="justify"><span style="color: #000000;"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, serif;"><span style="font-size: small;">Stamatakis, A. (2006) RAxML-VI-HPC, Maximum likelihood-based phylogenetic analyses with thousands of taxa and mixed models. Bioinformatics 22: 2688–2690. https://doi.org/10.1093/bioinformatics/btl446</span></span></span>
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