Abstract
The new Cretaceous species Kittonia kempii (Biddulphiales: Kittoniaceae) is described and accompanied with a revised and detailed description of the only other Cretaceous species of Kittonia, Kittonia hannai P. Leféb. & Chenev. Addtionally, further details are provided on the type material of Kittonia gigantea (Greville) De Toni and some notes on the relationships of the genus.
References
<p align="justify"><span style="color: #000000;"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, serif;"><span style="font-size: small;">Barker, J.W. & Meakin, S.H. (1945) New and rare diatoms. Journal of the Quekett Microscopical Club, ser. 4, 2 (1): 18–22.</span></span></span>
<p align="justify"><span style="color: #000000;"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, serif;"><span style="font-size: small;">Barker, J.W. & Meakin, S.H. (1946) New and rare diatoms. Journal of the Quekett Microscopical Club, ser. 4, 2 (2): 76–79.</span></span></span>
<p align="justify"><span style="color: #000000;"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, serif;"><span style="font-size: small;">Barker, J.W. & Meakin, S.H. (1949) New and rare diatoms. Journal of the Quekett Microscopical Club, ser. 4, 2 (6): 301–303.</span></span></span>
<p align="justify"><span style="color: #000000;"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, serif;"><span style="font-size: small;">Brigger, A.L. & Hanna, G.D. (1965) A review of Kittonia, a genus of diatoms. Occasional Papers of the California Academy of Sciences 50: 1–10. [https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/page/3163873] </span></span></span>
<p align="justify"><span style="color: #000000;"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, serif;"><span style="font-size: small;">Brun, J. (1896) Diatomées Miocènes, Description des espèces. Le Diatomiste 2 (24): 229–247.</span></span></span>
<p align="justify"><span style="color: #000000;"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, serif;"><span style="font-size: small;">Cornell, W.C. (1973) Archaeomonadopsis incerta Rampi, 1940; a diatom fragment. Journal of Paleontology 47 (6): 1121–1122. [https://www.jstor.org/stable/1303178] </span></span></span>
<p align="justify"><span style="color: #000000;"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, serif;"><span style="font-size: small;">Chambers, P.M. (1997) Late Cretaceous and Paleocene marine diatom floras. Doctoral thesis (Ph.D), UCL (University College London). [https://discovery.ucl.ac.uk/id/eprint/10104676/] </span></span></span>
<p align="justify"><span style="color: #000000;"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, serif;"><span style="font-size: small;">Chenevière, E. (1934) Sur un dépôt fossile marin à diatomées situé à Kamischev (Russie centrale). Bulletin de la Société Française de Microscopie 3: 103–107.</span></span></span>
<p align="justify"><span style="color: #000000;"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, serif;"><span style="font-size: small;">De Toni, G.B. (1894) Sylloge algarum omnium hucusque cognitarum. Vol. II. Bacillarieae; sectio III. Cryptoraphideae. Typis Seminarrii, Patavii, pp. 819–1556, I–CCXIV</span></span></span>
<p align="justify"><span style="color: #000000;"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, serif;"><span style="font-size: small;">Fourtanier, E. & Kociolek, J.P. (1999) Catalogue of the diatom genera. Diatom Research 14: 1–190. https://doi.org/10.1080/0269249X.1999.9705462 </span></span></span>
<p align="justify"><span style="color: #000000;"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, serif;"><span style="font-size: small;">Fuge, D.P. (1936) Two new Kittonias: A diatom note. Watson’s Microscope Record, London 38: 3–5.</span></span></span>
<p align="justify"><span style="color: #000000;"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, serif;"><span style="font-size: small;"><span lang="en-GB">Fuge, D.P. (1937) </span><span lang="en-GB">Kittonia</span><span lang="en-GB"> (?) </span><span lang="en-GB">virgata</span><span lang="en-GB"> G. & S. with a note on the genus </span><span lang="en-GB">Hemiaulus</span><span lang="en-GB"> and its ‘mucro’. </span><span lang="en-GB">Watson’s Microscope Record, London</span><span lang="en-GB"> 40: 12–15.</span></span></span></span>
<p align="justify"><span style="color: #000000;"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, serif;"><span style="font-size: small;"><span lang="en-GB">Greville, R.K. (1864) Descriptions of new and rare diatoms. Series XI. </span><span lang="en-GB">Transactions of the Microscopical Society, London</span><span lang="en-GB">, n.s. 12: 8–14. [https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/page/46869590] </span></span></span></span>
<p align="justify"><span style="color: #000000;"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, serif;"><span style="font-size: small;">Grove, E. & Sturt, G. (1886) On a fossil marine diatomaceous deposit from Oamaru, Otago, New Zealand. Part I. Journal of the Quekett Microscopical Club, ser. 2, 2 (16): 321–330. [https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/page/2225897] </span></span></span>
<p align="justify"><span style="color: #000000;"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, serif;"><span style="font-size: small;">Grove, E. & Sturt, G. (1887) On a fossil marine Diatomaceous Deposit from Oamaru, Otago, New Zealand. Part III. Journal of the Quekett Microscopical Club, ser. 2, 3 (18): 63–78. [https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/page/2032105] </span></span></span>
<p align="justify"><span style="color: #000000;"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, serif;"><span style="font-size: small;">Jousé, A.P. (1977) Atlas mikroorganizmov donnykh osadkov Mirovogo okeana: (diatomovye, radioliarii, silikofliagelliaty, kokkolity). [Atlas of micro-organisms in bottom sediments of the oceans (diatoms, radiolarians, silicoflagellates and coccoliths)]. Akademia Nauk SSSR, P.P. Shirshov Institute of Oceanology, ‘Nauka’, Moscow, 196 pp., 160 pls., 2 figs.</span></span></span>
<p align="justify"><span style="color: #000000;"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, serif;"><span style="font-size: small;">Lefébure, P. & Chenevière, E. (1939) Description et iconographie de diatomées rares ou nouvelles. II. Bulletin de la Société Française de Microscopie 8: 21–25.</span></span></span>
<p align="justify"><span style="color: #000000;"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, serif;"><span style="font-size: small;">Long, J.A., Fuge, D.P. & Smith, J. (1946) Diatoms of the Moreno Shale. Journal of Paleontology 20: 89–118. [https://www.jstor.org/stable/1299377]</span></span></span>
<p align="justify"><span style="color: #000000;"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, serif;"><span style="font-size: small;">Meakin, S.H. & Brigger, A.L. (1949) New and Rare Diatoms. Journal of the Quekett Microscopical Club, ser. 4, 3 (1): 41–42.</span></span></span>
<p align="justify"><span style="color: #000000;"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, serif;"><span style="font-size: small;">Meister, F. (1937) Seltene und neue Kieselalgen. II. Berichte der Schweizerischen Botanischen Gesellschaft 47: 258–276. [https://www.e-periodica.ch/digbib/view?pid=bhl-001%3A1937%3A47#262]</span></span></span>
<p align="justify"><span style="color: #000000;"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, serif;"><span style="font-size: small;">Shipboard Scientific Party (1975) 2. 275. Initial Reports of the DSDP 29: 19–35. https://doi.org/10.2973/dsdp.proc.29.102.1975</span></span></span>
<p align="justify"><span style="color: #000000;"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, serif;"><span style="font-size: small;">Rampi, L. (1940) Archaeomonadacee del Cretaceo Americano. Atti della Società Italiana di Scienze Naturali e del Museo Civico di Storia Naturale in Milano 79 (1): 60–68. https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/page/57877031 </span></span></span>
<p align="justify"><span style="color: #000000;"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, serif;"><span style="font-size: small;">Ross, R. (2002) Which illustrations are original material? Taxon 51: 523–524. https://doi.org/10.2307/1554867</span></span></span>
<p align="justify"><span style="color: #000000;"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, serif;"><span style="font-size: small;">Ross, R. & Sims, P.A. (1985) Some genera of the Biddulphiaceae (diatoms) with interlocking linking spines. Bulletin of the British Museum (Natural History), Botany Series 13 (3): 277–381. [https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/page/2348727] </span></span></span>
<p align="justify"><span style="color: #000000;"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, serif;"><span style="font-size: small;">Round, F.E., Crawford, R.M. & Mann, D.G. (1990) The Diatoms. Biology and Morphology of the genera. Cambridge University Press, Cambridge. 747 pp.</span></span></span>
<p align="justify"><span style="color: #000000;"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, serif;"><span style="font-size: small;">Schütt, F. (1896) Bacillariales (Diatomeae). In: Engler, A. & Prantl, K. (eds.) Die natürlichen Pflanzenfamilien. Verlag von Wilhelm Engelmann. Leipzig, I, 1b, pp. 31–150.</span></span></span>
<p align="justify"><span style="color: #000000;"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, serif;"><span style="font-size: small;">Sims, P.A. & Hendey, N.I. (2002) A note on the valve structure of Triceratium heterogonum Barker & Meakin, an unusual species from Conset, Barbados. Diatom Research 17: 383–390. https://dx.doi.org/10.1080/0269249X.2002.9705555 </span></span></span>
<p align="justify"><span style="color: #000000;"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, serif;"><span style="font-size: small;">Williams, D.M. (1988) An illustrated catalogue of the type specimens in the Greville diatom herbarium. Bulletin of the British Museum (Natural History), Botany Series 18 (1): 1–148. https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/page/2634096 </span></span></span>
<p align="justify"><span style="color: #000000;"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, serif;"><span style="font-size: small;">Witkowski, J., Sims, P.A. & Williams, D.M. (2017) Typification of Eocene–Oligocene diatom taxa proposed by Grove & Sturt (1886–1887) from the Oamaru Diatomite, Diatom Research 32: 363–408, https://doi.org/10.1080/0269249X.2017.1395366</span></span></span>
<p align="justify"><span style="color: #000000;"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, serif;"><span style="font-size: small;">Wornardt, W.W. (1972) Stratigraphic distribution of diatom genera in marine sediments in western North America. Palaeogeography, Palaeoclimatology, Palaeoecology 12: 49–74. https://doi.org/10.1016/0031-0182(72)90006-5 </span></span></span>
<p align="justify"><span style="color: #000000;"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, serif;"><span style="font-size: small;">Barker, J.W. & Meakin, S.H. (1946) New and rare diatoms. Journal of the Quekett Microscopical Club, ser. 4, 2 (2): 76–79.</span></span></span>
<p align="justify"><span style="color: #000000;"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, serif;"><span style="font-size: small;">Barker, J.W. & Meakin, S.H. (1949) New and rare diatoms. Journal of the Quekett Microscopical Club, ser. 4, 2 (6): 301–303.</span></span></span>
<p align="justify"><span style="color: #000000;"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, serif;"><span style="font-size: small;">Brigger, A.L. & Hanna, G.D. (1965) A review of Kittonia, a genus of diatoms. Occasional Papers of the California Academy of Sciences 50: 1–10. [https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/page/3163873] </span></span></span>
<p align="justify"><span style="color: #000000;"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, serif;"><span style="font-size: small;">Brun, J. (1896) Diatomées Miocènes, Description des espèces. Le Diatomiste 2 (24): 229–247.</span></span></span>
<p align="justify"><span style="color: #000000;"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, serif;"><span style="font-size: small;">Cornell, W.C. (1973) Archaeomonadopsis incerta Rampi, 1940; a diatom fragment. Journal of Paleontology 47 (6): 1121–1122. [https://www.jstor.org/stable/1303178] </span></span></span>
<p align="justify"><span style="color: #000000;"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, serif;"><span style="font-size: small;">Chambers, P.M. (1997) Late Cretaceous and Paleocene marine diatom floras. Doctoral thesis (Ph.D), UCL (University College London). [https://discovery.ucl.ac.uk/id/eprint/10104676/] </span></span></span>
<p align="justify"><span style="color: #000000;"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, serif;"><span style="font-size: small;">Chenevière, E. (1934) Sur un dépôt fossile marin à diatomées situé à Kamischev (Russie centrale). Bulletin de la Société Française de Microscopie 3: 103–107.</span></span></span>
<p align="justify"><span style="color: #000000;"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, serif;"><span style="font-size: small;">De Toni, G.B. (1894) Sylloge algarum omnium hucusque cognitarum. Vol. II. Bacillarieae; sectio III. Cryptoraphideae. Typis Seminarrii, Patavii, pp. 819–1556, I–CCXIV</span></span></span>
<p align="justify"><span style="color: #000000;"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, serif;"><span style="font-size: small;">Fourtanier, E. & Kociolek, J.P. (1999) Catalogue of the diatom genera. Diatom Research 14: 1–190. https://doi.org/10.1080/0269249X.1999.9705462 </span></span></span>
<p align="justify"><span style="color: #000000;"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, serif;"><span style="font-size: small;">Fuge, D.P. (1936) Two new Kittonias: A diatom note. Watson’s Microscope Record, London 38: 3–5.</span></span></span>
<p align="justify"><span style="color: #000000;"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, serif;"><span style="font-size: small;"><span lang="en-GB">Fuge, D.P. (1937) </span><span lang="en-GB">Kittonia</span><span lang="en-GB"> (?) </span><span lang="en-GB">virgata</span><span lang="en-GB"> G. & S. with a note on the genus </span><span lang="en-GB">Hemiaulus</span><span lang="en-GB"> and its ‘mucro’. </span><span lang="en-GB">Watson’s Microscope Record, London</span><span lang="en-GB"> 40: 12–15.</span></span></span></span>
<p align="justify"><span style="color: #000000;"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, serif;"><span style="font-size: small;"><span lang="en-GB">Greville, R.K. (1864) Descriptions of new and rare diatoms. Series XI. </span><span lang="en-GB">Transactions of the Microscopical Society, London</span><span lang="en-GB">, n.s. 12: 8–14. [https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/page/46869590] </span></span></span></span>
<p align="justify"><span style="color: #000000;"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, serif;"><span style="font-size: small;">Grove, E. & Sturt, G. (1886) On a fossil marine diatomaceous deposit from Oamaru, Otago, New Zealand. Part I. Journal of the Quekett Microscopical Club, ser. 2, 2 (16): 321–330. [https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/page/2225897] </span></span></span>
<p align="justify"><span style="color: #000000;"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, serif;"><span style="font-size: small;">Grove, E. & Sturt, G. (1887) On a fossil marine Diatomaceous Deposit from Oamaru, Otago, New Zealand. Part III. Journal of the Quekett Microscopical Club, ser. 2, 3 (18): 63–78. [https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/page/2032105] </span></span></span>
<p align="justify"><span style="color: #000000;"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, serif;"><span style="font-size: small;">Jousé, A.P. (1977) Atlas mikroorganizmov donnykh osadkov Mirovogo okeana: (diatomovye, radioliarii, silikofliagelliaty, kokkolity). [Atlas of micro-organisms in bottom sediments of the oceans (diatoms, radiolarians, silicoflagellates and coccoliths)]. Akademia Nauk SSSR, P.P. Shirshov Institute of Oceanology, ‘Nauka’, Moscow, 196 pp., 160 pls., 2 figs.</span></span></span>
<p align="justify"><span style="color: #000000;"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, serif;"><span style="font-size: small;">Lefébure, P. & Chenevière, E. (1939) Description et iconographie de diatomées rares ou nouvelles. II. Bulletin de la Société Française de Microscopie 8: 21–25.</span></span></span>
<p align="justify"><span style="color: #000000;"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, serif;"><span style="font-size: small;">Long, J.A., Fuge, D.P. & Smith, J. (1946) Diatoms of the Moreno Shale. Journal of Paleontology 20: 89–118. [https://www.jstor.org/stable/1299377]</span></span></span>
<p align="justify"><span style="color: #000000;"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, serif;"><span style="font-size: small;">Meakin, S.H. & Brigger, A.L. (1949) New and Rare Diatoms. Journal of the Quekett Microscopical Club, ser. 4, 3 (1): 41–42.</span></span></span>
<p align="justify"><span style="color: #000000;"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, serif;"><span style="font-size: small;">Meister, F. (1937) Seltene und neue Kieselalgen. II. Berichte der Schweizerischen Botanischen Gesellschaft 47: 258–276. [https://www.e-periodica.ch/digbib/view?pid=bhl-001%3A1937%3A47#262]</span></span></span>
<p align="justify"><span style="color: #000000;"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, serif;"><span style="font-size: small;">Shipboard Scientific Party (1975) 2. 275. Initial Reports of the DSDP 29: 19–35. https://doi.org/10.2973/dsdp.proc.29.102.1975</span></span></span>
<p align="justify"><span style="color: #000000;"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, serif;"><span style="font-size: small;">Rampi, L. (1940) Archaeomonadacee del Cretaceo Americano. Atti della Società Italiana di Scienze Naturali e del Museo Civico di Storia Naturale in Milano 79 (1): 60–68. https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/page/57877031 </span></span></span>
<p align="justify"><span style="color: #000000;"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, serif;"><span style="font-size: small;">Ross, R. (2002) Which illustrations are original material? Taxon 51: 523–524. https://doi.org/10.2307/1554867</span></span></span>
<p align="justify"><span style="color: #000000;"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, serif;"><span style="font-size: small;">Ross, R. & Sims, P.A. (1985) Some genera of the Biddulphiaceae (diatoms) with interlocking linking spines. Bulletin of the British Museum (Natural History), Botany Series 13 (3): 277–381. [https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/page/2348727] </span></span></span>
<p align="justify"><span style="color: #000000;"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, serif;"><span style="font-size: small;">Round, F.E., Crawford, R.M. & Mann, D.G. (1990) The Diatoms. Biology and Morphology of the genera. Cambridge University Press, Cambridge. 747 pp.</span></span></span>
<p align="justify"><span style="color: #000000;"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, serif;"><span style="font-size: small;">Schütt, F. (1896) Bacillariales (Diatomeae). In: Engler, A. & Prantl, K. (eds.) Die natürlichen Pflanzenfamilien. Verlag von Wilhelm Engelmann. Leipzig, I, 1b, pp. 31–150.</span></span></span>
<p align="justify"><span style="color: #000000;"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, serif;"><span style="font-size: small;">Sims, P.A. & Hendey, N.I. (2002) A note on the valve structure of Triceratium heterogonum Barker & Meakin, an unusual species from Conset, Barbados. Diatom Research 17: 383–390. https://dx.doi.org/10.1080/0269249X.2002.9705555 </span></span></span>
<p align="justify"><span style="color: #000000;"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, serif;"><span style="font-size: small;">Williams, D.M. (1988) An illustrated catalogue of the type specimens in the Greville diatom herbarium. Bulletin of the British Museum (Natural History), Botany Series 18 (1): 1–148. https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/page/2634096 </span></span></span>
<p align="justify"><span style="color: #000000;"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, serif;"><span style="font-size: small;">Witkowski, J., Sims, P.A. & Williams, D.M. (2017) Typification of Eocene–Oligocene diatom taxa proposed by Grove & Sturt (1886–1887) from the Oamaru Diatomite, Diatom Research 32: 363–408, https://doi.org/10.1080/0269249X.2017.1395366</span></span></span>
<p align="justify"><span style="color: #000000;"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, serif;"><span style="font-size: small;">Wornardt, W.W. (1972) Stratigraphic distribution of diatom genera in marine sediments in western North America. Palaeogeography, Palaeoclimatology, Palaeoecology 12: 49–74. https://doi.org/10.1016/0031-0182(72)90006-5 </span></span></span>