Using an Asteraceae checklist to understand collection history, species density and conservation implications: a case study in the state of Alagoas, Northeastern Brazil

GLEISON SOARES; NÁDIA ROQUE; FÁBIO VITALINO SANTOS ALVES; VIVIAN OLIVEIRA AMORIM; MARIA LIRIS BARBOSA; ARYANA VASQUE FROTA GUTERRES; MARIA ALVES; BENOÎT LOEUILLE

doi:10.11646/phytotaxa.571.1.2

Issue: Vol. 571 No. 1: 1 November 2022

Type: Article

Published: 2022-11-01

DOI: 10.11646/phytotaxa.571.1.2

Page range: 21-38

Abstract views: 92

PDF downloaded: 3

Using an Asteraceae checklist to understand collection history, species density and conservation implications: a case study in the state of Alagoas, Northeastern Brazil

GLEISON SOARES⁺⁻
NÁDIA ROQUE⁺⁻
FÁBIO VITALINO SANTOS ALVES⁺⁻
VIVIAN OLIVEIRA AMORIM⁺⁻
MARIA LIRIS BARBOSA⁺⁻
ARYANA VASQUE FROTA GUTERRES⁺⁻
MARIA ALVES⁺⁻
BENOÎT LOEUILLE⁺⁻

Programa de Pós-graduação em Biologia Vegetal, Departamento de Botânica, Universidade Federal de Pernambuco, CEP 50670-901, Recife-PE, Brazil

Universidade Federal da Bahia, Instituto de Biologia, Departamento de Botânica, Rua Barão de Jeremoabo s.n., campus Universitário de Ondina, 40171-970, Salvador-BA, Brazil.

Programa de Pós-graduação em Biologia Vegetal, Departamento de Botânica, Universidade Federal de Pernambuco, CEP 50670-901, Recife-PE, Brazil.

Universidade Federal do Cariri, Instituto de Formação de Educadores, Rua Olegário Emídio de Araújo, Aldeota, CEP 63260-000, Brejo Santos-CE, Brazil.

Universidade Estadual de Feira de Santana, Departamento de Ciências Biológicas, Programa de Pós-Graduação em Botânica, Av. Transnordestina s/n, 44036-900, Feira de Santana-BA, Brazil.

Royal Botanic Gardens, Kew, Richmond, Surrey, TW9 3AB, United Kingdom

Colégio da Polícia Militar João Florêncio Gomes, Secretaria de Educação do Estado da Bahia, Av. Beira Mar, 481, Ribeira, CEP 40420-340, Salvador-BA, Brazil.

Biodiversity Brazilian Flora Compositae Conservation Richness and Collection density Eudicots

Requires Subscription or Fee PDF (3MB)

Abstract

Alagoas is a Brazilian state contained in the area of two large and important phytogeographic domains: Atlantic Forest and Caatinga. Although the presence of these domains possibly indicates a considerable biodiversity, floristic studies in the state are still scarce, especially for the family Asteraceae. In this sense, we developed a combined GIS and floristic study approach to highlight aspects associated with the diversity, distribution and conservation of Asteraceae in Alagoas. Thus, the aims of this paper are to: (1) present a checklist of Asteraceae in the state of Alagoas, (2) provide an overview of areas with highest species richness and collection density, and (3) verify the representativeness of the group in conservation units within the state. Asteraceae is represented in Alagoas by 112 species, 35 genera and 12 tribes. Among them, 51 species are new state records, with Lepidaploa (Cassini) Cassini and Mikania Willdenow having the highest number of new occurrences. Our results indicate that collection density and species richness within the state are strongly correlated and concentrated mainly in the Atlantic Forest domain. On the other hand, the least sampled areas correspond to the Steppic Savanna (caatinga vegetation) and the Dense Ombrophilous Forest, which we indicate as in need of increased Asteraceae collection efforts. 42% of the species do not have records included in Protected Areas, and of the 58% that do, most correspond to taxa widely distributed in Brazil or that are considered ruderal, leaving out rarer species with restricted habitats or evaluated as being at risk.

References

Alcantara, C. & Alves, M. (2021) La Tribu Justicieae (Acanthaceae) en la región oriental del Nordeste de Brasil. Caldasia 44 (2): 274–316. https://doi.org/10.15446/caldasia.v44n2.89236
Almeida Jr., E.B., Machado, M.A., Medeiros, D.P.W., Pinheiro, T.S. & Zickel, C.S. (2016) Florística de uma área de vegetação de influência marinha no litoral sul de Alagoas, Brasil. Revista Brasileira de Geografia Física 9: 1400–1409. https://doi.org/10.5935/1984-2295.20160096
Alves, F.V. & Loeuille, B. (2021) Geographic distribution patterns of species of the subtribe Lychnophorinae (Asteraceae: Vernonieae). Rodriguésia 72: e02072019. https://dx.doi.org/10.1590/2175-7860202172072
Amorim, B.S. & Alves, M. (2012) Myrtaceae from lowland Atlantic Forest areas in the State of Pernambuco, Northeastern Brazil. Phytotaxa 40: 33–54. https://doi.org/10.11646/phytotaxa.40.1.6
Amorim, V.O. & Bautista, H. (2016) Asteraceae da Ecorregião Raso da Catarina, Bahia, Brasil. Rodriguésia 67 (3): 785–794. https://doi.org/10.1590/2175-7860201667317
Andrade-Lima, D. (1982) Present day forest refuges in Northeastern Brazil. In: Prance, G.T. (ed.) Biological Diversification in the Tropics. Columbia University Press, New York. pp. 245–254.
Anguiano-Constante, M.A., Dean, E., Starbuck, T., Rodríguez, A. & Munguía-Lino, G. (2021) Diversity, species richness distribution and centers of endemism of Lycianthes (Capsiceae, Solanaceae) in Mexico. Phytotaxa 524: 1–10. https://doi.org/10.11646/phytotaxa.514.1.3
Antongiovanni, M., Venticinque, E.M. & Fonseca, C.R. (2018) Fragmentation patterns of the Caatinga drylands. Landscape Ecology 33: 1353–1367. https://doi.org/10.1007/s10980-018-0672-6
Antongiovanni, M., Venticinque, E.M., Matsumoto, M. & Fonseca, C.R. (2020) Chronic anthropogenic disturbance on Caatinga dry forest fragments. Journal of Applied Ecology 57: 2064–2074. https://doi.org/10.1111/1365-2664.13686
Baker, J.G. (1873) Compositae I. Eupatoriaceae. In: Martius†, C.F.P. von & Eichler, A.W. (Eds.) Flora brasiliensis, 6 (2). Fried. Fleischer Münich, Vienna, Leipzig, pp. 181–398.
Baker, J.G. (1873) Compositae I. Vernoniaceae. In: Martius†, C.F.P. von & Eichler, A.W. (Eds.) Flora brasiliensis, 6 (2). Fried. Fleischer Münich, Vienna, Leipzig, pp. 5–180.
Baker, J.G. (1884) Compositae IV. Helianthoideae, Helenioideae, Anthemideae, Senecioideae, Cynaroideae, Ligulatae, Mutisiaceae. In: Martius†, C.F.P. Von & Eichler, A.W. (Eds.) Flora brasiliensis, 6 (3). Fried. Fleischer, Münich, Vienna, Leipzig, pp. 137–442. 
Barbosa, E.R. & Rios, P.A.F. (2006) Cobertura original, cobertura atual e unidades de conservação da Mata Atlântica alagoana. In: Moura, F.B.P. (org.) A Mata Atlântica em Alagoas. EDUFAL, Maceió, pp. 29–34.
Bazante, M.L., Soares, G. & Loeuille (in press) Flora da Usina São José, Igarassu, Estado de Pernambuco, Brasil: Asteraceae. https://doi.org/10.1590/2236-8906-15/2021
Bazante, M. & Alves, M. (2021) New records of Annonaceae in the Northeast Brazil. Acta Brasiliensis 5 (1): 25–34. https://dx.doi.org/10.22571/2526-4338449
Bitencourt, C. & Rapini, A. (2013) Centres of endemism in the Espinhaço Range: identifying cradles and museums of Asclepiadoideae (Apocynaceae). Systematics and Biodiversity 11: 525–536. https://dx.doi.org/10.1080/14772000.2013.865681
Blake, S.F. (1924) New South American Verbesinas. Bulletin of the Torrey Botanical Club 51: 421–442. https://doi.org/10.2307/2480147
Blake, S.F. (1930) Notes on certain type specimens of American Asteraceae in European herbaria. Contributions from the United States National Herbarium 26 (5): 227–263.
Borges, R.A.X., Saavedra, M.M., Nakagima, J.N. & Forzza, R.C. (2010) The Asteraceae flora of the Serra do Ibitipoca: analyses of its diversity and distribution compared with selected areas in Brazilian mountain ranges. Systematics and Biodiversity 8 (4): 471–479. https://doi.org/10.1080/14772000.2010.517573
Borkent, A. (2020) Shrinking biodiversity, dwindling taxonomy and building a broader science. Megataxa 1 (1): 53–58. https://doi.org/10.11646/megataxa.1.1.11
Brasil (1996) Decreto Nº 1.922, de 5 de junho de 1996. Dispõe sobre o reconhecimento das Reservas Particulares do Patrimônio Natural, e dá outras providências. Diário Oficial da República Federativa do Brasil. Brasília. 
Brasil (2006) Decreto Nº 5.746, de 5 de abril de 2006. Regulamenta o art. 21 da Lei no 9.985, de 18 de julho de 2000, que dispõe sobre o Sistema Nacional de Unidades de Conservação da Natureza. Diário Oficial da República Federativa do Brasil. Brasília. Brito, N.I.J., Costa, S.L., Cordeiro, J.M.P., Lohmann, L. & Melo, J.I.M. (2018) New records of the Tabebuia Alliance (Bignoniaceae) for the state of Paraiba, northeastern Brazil. Revista Mexicana de Biodiversidad 89: 625–630. https://doi.org/10.22201/ib.20078706e.2018.3.2297
Campanili, M. & Schaffer, W.B. (2010) Mata Atlântica: manual de adequação ambiental. MMA/SBF, Brasília, 96 pp. 
Campos, L., Moro, M.F., Funk, V.A. & Roque, N. (2019) Biogeographical Review of Asteraceae in the Espinhaço Mountain Range, Brazil. The Botanical Review 85: 293–336. https://doi.org/10.1007/s12229-019-09216-9
Candolle, A.P. de (1836) Prodromus Systematis Naturalis Regni Vegetabilis, vol. 5. Treuttel & Würtz, Paris, 706 pp.
Cassini, H. (1817) Aperçu des genres nouveaux formés par M. Henri Cassini dans la famille des Synanthérés. Quatrième fascicule. Bulletin des Sciences, par la Société Philomatique de Paris 1817: 66–70.
Cassini, H. (1825) Oliganthe. In: Cuvier, F.G. (Ed.) Dictionnaire des Sciences Naturelles dans lequel on traite méthodiquement des différents êtres de la nature, 2nd ed., vol. 36. Levrault, Strasbourg & Le Normant, pp. 18–20.
Colli-Silva, M., Vasconcelos, T.N.C. & Pirani, J.R. (2019) Outstanding plant endemism levels strongly support the recognition of campo rupestre provinces in mountaintops of eastern South America. Journal of Biogeography 46: 1723–1733. https://doi.org/10.1111/jbi.13585
Correia, J.S., Lyra-Lemos, R.P., Ribeiro, R.T.M. & Loiola, M.I.B. (2021) Diversidade Florística dos Afloramentos Rochosos da Reserva Biológica de Pedra Talhada, Quebrangulo, Alagoas. Revista Brasileira de Geografia Física 14 (2): 743–757. https://doi.org/10.26848/rbgf.v14.2.p743-757
Costa, A.S., Rios, P.A.F., Salgado, S.S., Lemos, R.P.L. & Moura, F.B.P. (2007) Estrutura de um fragmento florestal na região metropolitana de Maceió. Revista Brasileira de Biociências 5: 340–342.
Costa, S.L., Brito, I.J.N., Lohmann, L.G. & Melo, J.I.M. (2019) New records of tribe Bignonieae (Bignoniaceae) for Paraiba, northeastern Brazil. Acta Brasiliensis 3 (3): 89–96. https://doi.org/10.22571/2526-4338251
Crawley, M.J. (2015) Statistics: an introduction using R. 2nd. ed. Imperial College London, Wiley. pp. 114–149.
Echternacht, L., Sano, P.T. & Dubuisson, J.Y. (2015) Taxonomic study of Comanthera subg. Thysanocephalus (Eriocaulaceae). Systematic Botany 40: 136–150. https://doi.org/10.1600/036364415X686431
Fernandes, G.W. (Ed.) (2016) Ecology and conservation of mountaintop grasslands in Brazil. Springer International Publishing, New York, 561 pp. https://doi.org/10.1007/978-3-319-29808-5
Fernandes, M.F., Cardoso, D. & Queiroz, L.P. (2019) An updated plant checklist of the Brazilian Caatinga seasonally dry forests and woodlands reveals high species richness and endemism. Journal of Arid Environments 174: 1–8. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jaridenv.2019.104079
Flora e Funga do Brasil (2022) Jardim Botânico do Rio de Janeiro. Available from: http://floradobrasil.jbrj.gov.br/ (Acessed 22 August 2021). 
Funk, V. (2006) Floras: A Model for Biodiversity Studies or a Thing of the Past?. Taxon 55 (3): 581–588. https://doi.org/10.2307/25065635
Funk, V.A., Susanna, A., Stuessy, T.F. & Robinson, H. (2009) Classification of Compositae. In: Funk, V.A., Susanna, A., Stuessy, T.F. & Bayer, R.J. (eds.) Systematics, Evolution, and Biogeography of Compositae. International Association for Plant Taxonomy, Institute of Botany, University of Vienna, pp. 171–191.
Gandara, A. & Roque, N. (2020) Mikania (Asteraceae, Eupatorieae) no estado da Bahia, Brasil. Rodriguésia 71: e02882017. https://dx.doi.org/10.1590/2175-7860202071022
Gardner, G. (1846) Contributions towards a Flora of Brazil, being the distinctive characters of some new species of Compositae, belonging to the tribe Vernoniaceae. The London Journal of Botany 5: 209–242.
Gardner, G. (1847) Contribution towards a Flora of Brazil, being the characters of several new species of Compositae, belonging to the tribes Mutisiaceae and Nassauvieae. The London Journal of Botany 6: 449–463.
Gentry, A.H (1991) The distribution and evolution of climbing plants. In: Putz, F.E. & Mooney, H.A. (eds.) The Biology of Vines. Cambridge University Press, Cambridge, pp. 149–156. 
Gray, A. (1883) Contributions to North American botany. Proceedings of the American Academy of Arts and Sciences 19: 1–96. https://doi.org/10.2307/25138721
Grelle, C.E.V., Rajão, H. & Marques, M.C.M. (2021) The Future of the Brazilian Atlantic Forest. In: Marques, M.C.M. & Grelle, C.E.V. (Eds.) The Atlantic Forest: History, Biodiversity, Threats and Opportunities of the Mega-diverse Forest. Springer Nature Switzerland, Switzerland. pp. 487–503. https://doi.org/10.1007/978-3-030-55322-7
Hemsley, W.B. (1881) Enumeration of the Gamopetalae, with description of new species. Biologia Centrali-Americana 2: 1–576. https://dx.doi.org/10.5962/bhl.title.730
Hijmans, R.J., Guarino, L. & Mathur, P. (2012) Manual of DIVA-GIS version 7.5. Available from: https://www.diva-gis.org/docs/DIVA-GIS_manual_7.pdf (Acessed 12 December 2021).
Honório, A.C., Quaresma, A.S., Oliveira, C.T.O. & Loiola, M.I.B. (2019) Flora do Ceará, Brasil: Mikania (Asteraceae: Eupatorieae). Rodriguésia 70: e02952017. https://dx.doi.org/10.1590/2175-7860201970003
IBGE—Instituto Brasileiro de Geografia e Estatística (2012) Manual técnico da vegetação brasileira. Coordenação de Recursos Naturais e Estudos Ambientais: Rio de Janeiro. 272 pp. 
IBGE—Instituto Brasileiro de Geografia e Estatística (2021a) Cidades e Estados: Alagoas. Available from: https://www.ibge.gov.br/cidades-e-estados/al.html (Acessed 12 December 2021). 
IBGE—Instituto Brasileiro de Geografia e Estatística (2021b) Senso demográfico: series históricas, Alagoas. Available from: https://www.ibge.gov.br/estatisticas/sociais/populacao/9662-censo-demografico-2010.html?=&t=series-historicas (Acessed 22 August 2021). 
Jacquin, N.J. von (1789) Collectanea. Ex Officina Wappleriana, Vindobonae [Wien], 374 pp.
Jeffrey, C. (2007) Compositae: Introduction with key to tribes. In: Kadereit, J.W. & Jeffrey, C. (eds.) The Families and Genera of Vascular Plant: v. VIII: Flowering Plants Eudicots: Asterales. Berlin: Springer-Verlag. pp. 61–588.
King, R.M. & Robinson, H. (1987) The Genera of the Eupatorieae (Asteraceae). Monographs in Systematic Botany from the Missouri Botanical Garden 22. Allen Press, Lawrence. pp. 124–416.
Koster, J.T. & Philipson, W.R. (1950) Nomenclatural changes in Spilanthes and Blainvillea with remarks and a key to the species of Spilanthes in the Malay Archepelago. Blumea 6: 347–354.
Kunth, K.S. (1818) Nova Genera et Species Plantarum (folio ed.), vol. 4. N. Maze, Paris, 412 pp.
Lamarck, J.B.A.P.M. de (1786) Encyclopédie Méthodique. Botanique, vol. 2. Panckoucke. Plomteux, Liège, Paris, 774 pp.
Lessing, C.F. (1832) Synopsis generum Compositarum earumque dispositionis novae tentamen monographiis multarum Capensium interjectis. Duncker & Humblot, Berlin, xi + 473 pp. https://doi.org/10.5962/bhl.title.51470
Lingner, D.V., Rodrigues, A.V., Oliveira, L.Z., Gasper, A.L. & Vibrans, A.C. (2020) Modelling changes in forest attributes driven by human activities at different spatial scales in the subtropical Atlantic Forest. Biodiversity Conservation 29: 1283–1299. https://doi.org/10.1007/s10531-020-01935-5
Linnaeus, C. (1753) Species Plantarum. laurentii Salvii, Stockholm, 1200 pp. https://dx.doi.org/10.5962/bhl.title.669
Lyra-Lemos RP, Mota MCS, Chagas ECO & Silva FC. (orgs.) (2010) Checklist - Flora de Alagoas: angiospermas. Instituto do Meio Ambiente de Alagoas, Herbário MAC, Maceió. 141 pp. 
Machado, M.A.B.L., de Chaves, L.F.C., Neto, J.L.R. & Lemos, R.P.L. (2012) Florística do estrato arbóreo de fragmentos da mata atlântica do nordeste oriental, município de Coruripe, Alagoas, Brasil. Revista Ouricuri 2: 55–72.
Mamede, M.L., Pedro-Silva, L. & Melo, J.I.M. (2020) New Records of Rauvolfioideae (Apocynaceae, Gentianales) for Paraíba State, Brazil. Harvard Papers in Botany 25 (1): 95–97. https://doi.org/10.3100/hpib.v25iss1.2020.n12
Marques, D., Farco, G.E., Nakajima, J.N. & Dematteis, M. (2018) The genus Lepidaploa (Vernonieae, Asteraceae) in southern South America. Phytotaxa 362 (2): 115–142. https://doi.org/10.11646/phytotaxa.362.2.1
Marques, D., Castro, M.S., Rivera, V.L. & Dematteis, M. (2020) Lepidaploa. In: Flora do Brasil 2020. Jardin Botânico do Rio de Janeiro. Available from: http://floradobrasil.jbrj.gov.br/reflora/floradobrasil/FB16164 (Accessed 30 December 2021).
Marques, M.C.M., Trindade, W., Bohn, A. & Grelle, C.E.V. (2021) The Atlantic Forest: An introduction to the Megadiverse flora of South America. In: Marques, M.C.M. & Grelle, C.E.V. (Eds.) The Atlantic Forest: History, Biodiversity, Threats and Opportunities of the Mega-diverse Forest. Springer Nature Switzerland, Switzerland. pp. 3–24. https://doi.org/10.1007/978-3-030-55322-7
Melo, A. & Alves, M. (2021) Piper (Piperaceae) in eastern Northeast Brazil. Phytotaxa 505: 1–38. https://doi.org/10.11646/phytotaxa.505.1.1
Melo, J.I.M. & Lyra-Lemos, R.P. (2008) Sinopse taxonômica de Boraginaceae sensu lato A. Juss. no Estado de Alagoas, Brasil. Acta Botânica Brasílica 22 (3): 701–710. https://doi.org/10.1590/S0102-33062008000300008
Monteiro, D. & Guimarães, E.F. (2020) Piperaceae do nordeste brasileiro II: estado de Alagoas. Rodriguésia 71: e03122018. https://dx.doi.org/10.1590/2175-7860202071104
Moro, M.F., Lughadha, E.N., Filler, D.L., Araújo, F.S. & Martins, F.R. (2014) A catalogue of the vascular plants of the Caatinga Phytogeographical Domain: a synthesis of floristic and phytosociological surveys. Phytotaxa 160 (1): 1–180. https://doi.org/10.11646/phytotaxa.160.1.1
Nepomuceno, A. & Alves, M. (2018) New occurrences of Salicaceae from the Atlantic Forest and Caatinga (Brazil). Checklist 14 (2): 431–437. https://doi.org/10.15560/14.2.431
Oliveira, J.C.C & Barbosa, J.H.C. (2010) Roteiro para criação de Unidades de Conservação municipais. Ministério do Meio Ambiente, Brasília. 68 pp.
Oliveira, L.S., Canuto, R.S.O. & Canuto, D.M.F.O. (2017) Levantamento Fitossociológico de Plantas Daninhas na Cultura do Feijão-Caupi no Agreste Alagoano. Enciclopédia Biosfera 14 (25): 861–868.
Oliveira, M., Tabarelli, M. & Grillo, A. (2004) Caracterização da flora dos remanescentes da Usina Serra Grande, Alagoas. Centro de Pesquisas Ambientais do Nordeste (Relatório Técnico), Recife. 33 pp.
Oliveira, U., Brescovit, A.D. & Santos, A.J. (2015) Delimiting Areas of Endemism through Kernel Interpolation. PLoS One 10 (1): 1–18. https://doi.org/10.1371/journal.pone.0116673.
Oliveira, Y.R. & Abreu, M.C. (2020) Sinopse Taxonômica de Oxalidaceae no Estado de Alagoas, Brasil. Hoehnea 47: e842019. https://dx.doi.org/10.1590/2236-8906-84/2019
Paula, J.E., Mariz, G., Lima, R.A. & Esteves, G.L. (1980) Contribuição para o conhecimento da flora do Estado de Alagoas. Brasil Florestal 41: 15–27.
Persoon, C.H. (1807) Synopsis Plantarum: seu Enchiridium botanicum, complectens enumerationem systematicam specierum hucusque cognitarum. Parisiis Lutetiorum, Paris, 656 pp.
Prado, D.E. (2003) As Caatingas da América do Sul. In: Leal, I., Tabarelli, M. & Silva, J.M.C. (eds.) Ecologia e Conservação da Caatinga. Ed. Universitária da UFPE, Recife. pp. 3–74.
Pruski, J.F. (1996) Compositae of the Guayana Highland–XI. Tuberculocarpus gen. nov. and Some Other Ecliptinae (Heliantheae) . Novon 6 (4): 404–4018. Bulletin of the Torrey Botanical Club 51: 421–442. 
Pruski, J.F. (2017) Compositae of Central America – VIII. The genus Lepidaploa (Vernonieae). Phytoneuron 50: 1–39.
Püttker, T., Crouzeilles, R., Almeida-Gomes, M., Schmoeller, M., Maurenza, D., Alves-Pinto, H., Pardini, R., Vieira, M.V., Banks-Leite, C., Fonseca, C.R., Metzger, J.P., Accacio, G.M., Alexandrino, E.R., Barros, C.S., Bogoni, J.A., Boscolo, D., Brancalion, P.H.S., Bueno, A.A., Cambui, E.C.B., Canale, G.R., Cerqueira, R., Cesar, R.G., Colletta, G.D., Delciellos, A.C., Dixo, M., Estavillo, C., Esteves, C.F., Falcão, F., Farah, F.T., Faria, D., Ferraz, K.M.P.M.B., Ferraz, S.F.B., Ferreira, P.A., Graipel, M.E., Grelle, C.E.V., Hernández, M.I.M., Ivanauskas, N., Laps, R.R., Leal, I.R., Lima, M.M., Lion, M.B., Magioli, M., Magnago, L.F.S., Mangueira, J.R.A.S., Marciano-Jr, E., Mariano-Neto, E., Marques, M.C.M., Martins, S.v., Matos, M.A., Matos, F.A.R., Miachir, J.I., Morante-Filho, J.M., Olifiers, N., Oliveira-Santos, L.G.R., Paciencia, M.L.B., Paglia, A.P., Passamani, M., Peres, C.A., Pinto Leite, C.M., Porto, T.J., Querido, L.C.A., Reis, L.C., Rezende, A.A., Rigueira, D.M.G., Rocha, P.L.B., Rocha-Santos, L., Rodrigues, R.R., Santos, R.A.S., Santos, J.S., Silveira, M.S., Simonelli, M., Tabarelli, M., Vasconcelos, R.N., Viana, B.F., Vieira, E.M. & Prevedello, J.A. (2020) Indirect effects of habitat loss via habitat fragmentation: A cross-taxa analysis of forest-dependent species. Biological Conservation 241: 108368. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.biocon.2019.108368
Queiroz, L.P., Cardoso, D., Fernandes, M.F. & Moro, M.F. (2017) Diversity and evolution of flowering plants of the Caatinga Domain. In: Silva, J.M.C., Leal, I.R.L. & Tabarelli, M. (Eds.) Caatinga: the Largest Tropical Dry Forest Region in South America, Springer International Publishing, New York. pp. 23–63. https://doi.org/10.1099/ijsem.0.004193
R Core Team (2020) R: A language and environment for statistical computing. R Foundation for Statistical Computing, Vienna, Austria. Available from: http://www.r-project.org/index.html. (Acessed 12 December 2021). 
Ritter, M.R., Gandara, A., Simão-Bianchini, R., Souza-Buturi, F.O. & Abreu, V.H.R. (2020) Mikania. In: Flora do Brasil 2020. Jardim Botânico do Rio de Janeiro. Available from: http://floradobrasil.jbrj.gov.br/reflora/floradobrasil/FB5344 (Accessed 30 December 2021).
Robinson, H. (1987) Studies in the Lepidaploa complex (Vemonieae: Asteraceae), III. Two new genera, Cyrtocymura e Eirmocephala. Proceedings of the Biological Society of Washington 100 (4): 844–855.
Robinson, H. (1988a) Studies in the Lepidaploa complex (Vemonieae: Asteraceae), IV. The new genus Lessingianthus. Proceedings of the Biological Society of Washington 101: 929–951.
Robinson, H. (1988b) Studies in Lepidaploa complex (Vernonieae: Asteraceae): The genus Chrysolaena. Proceedings of the Biological Society of Washington 101 (4): 952–958.
Robinson, H. (1990a) Studies in the Lepidaploa Complex (Vernonieae: Asteraceae), VII. The genus Lepidaploa. Proceedings of the Biological Society of Washington 103: 952–958.
Robinson, H. (1990b) Six new combinations in Baccharoides Moench and Cyanthillium Blume (Vernonieae, Asteraceae). Proceedings of the Biological Society of Washington 103 (1): 248–253. 
Robinson, H. (1995) New combinations and new species in American Vernonieae (Asteraceae). Phytologia 78 (5): 384–399. https://doi.org/10.5962/bhl.part.10065
Rocha, L., Camacho, R.G.V., Sales, M.F. & Melo, J.I.M. (2017) Flora da Região de Xingó, Alagoas e Sergipe (Brasil): Turneraceae. Rodriguésia 68 (2): 569–579. https://doi.org/10.1590/2175-7860201768219
Roque, N., Nakajima, J., Heiden, G., Monge, M., Ritter, M.R., Loeuille, B.F.P., Christ, A.L., Rebouças, N.C., Castro, M.S., Saavedra, M.M., Teles, A.M., Gandara, A., Marques, D., Bringel Jr., J.B.A., Angulo, M.B., Santos, J.U.M.D., Souza-Buturi, F.O., Alves, M., Sancho, G., Reis-Silva, G.A., Volet, D.P., Hattori, E.K.O., Plos, A., Simão-Bianchini, R., Rivera, V.L., Magenta, M.A.G., Silva, G.H.L., Abreu, V.H.R., Grossi, M.A., Amorim, V.O., Schneider, A.A., Carneiro, C.R., Borges, R.A.X., Siniscalchi, C.M., Bueno, V.R., Via do Pico, G.M., Almeida, G.S.S., Freitas, F.S., Deble, L.P.; Moreira, G.L.; Contro, F.L., Gutiérrez, D.G., Souza-Souza, R.M.B., Viera Barreto, J.N., Soares, P.N., Quaresma, A.S., Picanço, W.L., Fernandes, F., Mondin, C.A., Salgado, V.G., Kilipper, J.T., Farco, G.E., Ribeiro, R.N., Walter, B.M.T., Lorencini, T.S., Fernandes, A.C., Silva, L.N., Barcelos, L.B., Barbosa, M.L., Bautista, H.P., Casas, J.C., Dematteis, M., Ferreira, S.C., Hiriart, F.D., Moraes, M.D. & Semir, J. (in memoriam) (2020) Asteraceae in Flora e Funga do Brasil. Jardim Botânico do Rio de Janeiro. Jardim Botânico do Rio de Janeiro. Available from: http://floradobrasil.jbrj.gov.br/reflora/floradobrasil/FB55 (Accessed 27 December 2021).
Rosa Neto, J.L., Lopes, U.G.C. & Moura, F.B.P. (2013) Effects of soil, altitude, rainfall, and distance on the floristic similarity of Atlantic Forest fragments in the east-Northeast. Biotemas 26: 91–98. https://doi.org/10.5007/2175-7925.2013v26n3p91
Rowe, N.P. & Speck, T. (2005) Plant growth forms: an ecological and evolutionary perspective. New Phytologist 166: 61–72. https://doi.org/10.1111/j.1469-8137.2004.01309.x
Sampaio, E.V.S.B. (2010) Caracterização do bioma caatinga. In: Gariglio, M.A, Sampaio, E.V.S.B, Cestario, L.A, Kageyama, P.Y. (Eds.) Uso Sustentável e Conservação dos Recursos Florestais da Caatinga. Ministério do Meio Ambiente, Serviço Florestal Brasileiro, Brasília 2ª ed. pp. 27–48. 
Sancho, G. Funk, V. & Roque, N. (2013) Moquiniastrum (Gochnatieae, Asteraceae): disentangling the paraphyletic Gochnatia. Phytotaxa 147: 26–34. https://dx.doi.org/10.11646/phytotaxa.147.1.3
Schaefer, C.E.G.R., Corrêa, G.R., Candido, H.G., Arruda, D.M., Nunes, J.A., Araujo, R.W., Rodrigues, P.M.S., Fernandes Filho, E.I., Pereira, A.F.S., Brandão, P.C. & Neri, A.V. (2016) The physical environment of rupestrian grasslands (campos rupestres) in Brazil: geological, geomorphological and pedological characteristics, and interplays. In: Fernandes, G.W. (ed.) Ecology and conservation of mountaintop grasslands in Brazil. Springer International Publishing, New York. pp. 15–53. https://doi.org/10.1007/978-3-319-29808-5_2
Schultz-Bipontinus, C.H. (1886) Über die Gattung Eleutheranthera Poiteau (Kegelia Sz.Bip). Botanische Zeitung 24: 239. 
Schrank, F.v.P.v. (1820) Plantae Rariores Horti Academici Monacensis 2: tt. 51–60. https://doi.org/10.53875/capitulum.01.1.06
Siniscalchi, C.M., Loeuille, B. & Roque, N. (2021) Asteraceae in a megadiverse flora: results from the Flora do Brasil 2020. Capitulum 1: 54–60.
Soares, G. & Loeuille, B. (2021) Lepidaploa restingae, a new species from Northeastern Brazil. Phytotaxa 520 (2): 195–202. https://doi.org/10.11646/phytotaxa.520.2.6
Sousa, V.F. & Versieux, L.M. (2020) Levantamento florístico na restinga da APA Bonfim-Guaraíras, RN, Brasil. PlantNow 1: 12–26. 
Stevens, W.L. (1951) Asymptotic regression. Biometrics 7 (3): 247–267. https://doi.org/10.2307/3001809
Swartz, O. (1806) Flora Indiae Occidentalis, Tomus III. J. Palmius, Erlangen, pp. 1233–2018. 
Tavares, S., Paiva, F.A.F., Tavares, E.J.S., Neves, M.A. & Lima, J.L.S. (1968) Inventário florestal de Alagoas I: estudo preliminar da Mata das Carobas, Município de Marechal Deodoro. Boletim Técnico da Secretaria de Obras e Serviços Públicos 88/89: 17–30.
Tavares, S., Paiva, F.A.F., Tavares, E.J.S. & Machado, O.F. (1967) Primeira contribuição para a identificação das madeiras de Alagoas. Boletim Técnico da Secretaria de Viação e Obras Públicas 87: 24–29.
Teixeira, L.P., Lughadha, E.M., Silva, M.V.C. & Moro, M.F. (2021) How much of the Caatinga is legally protected? An analysis of temporal and geographical coverage of protected areas in the Brazilian semiarid. Acta Botanica Brasilica. https://doi.org/10.1590/0102-33062020abb0492
Thiers, B. (2021 [continuously updated]) Index Herbariorum: A global directory of public herbaria and associated staff. New York Botanical Garden’s Virtual Herbarium. http://sweetgum.nybg.org/science/ih/ (accessed on 18 August 2021).
Vasconcelos, M.F. (2011) O que são campos rupestres e campos de altitude nos topos de montanha do leste do Brasil?. The Brazilian Journal of Botany 34: 241–246. https://doi.org/10.1590/S0100-84042011000200012
Versieux, L.M., Dávila, N., Delgado, G.C., Sousa, V.F., Moura, E.O, Filgueira, T., Alves, M., Carvalho, E., Piotto, D. Forzza, D., Calvente, A. & Jardim, J.G. (2017) Integrative research identifies 71 new plant species records in the state of Rio Grande do Norte (Brazil) and enhances a small herbarium collection during a funding shortage. PhytoKeys 86: 43–74. https://doi.org/10.3897/phytokeys.86.13775
Wheeler, Q.D. (2004) Taxonomic triage and the poverty of phylogeny. Philosophical Transactions of the Royal Society B: Biological Sciences 359: 571–583. https://doi.org/10.1098/rstb.2003.1452.
Willdenow, C.L. (1803) Species Plantarum. Editio quarta, vol. 3 (3). G.C. Nauk, Berlin, pp. 1477–2409.
Xiao, Y., Li, X., Cao, Y. & Dong, M. (2016) The diverse effects of habitat fragmentation on plant–pollinator interactions. Plant Ecology 217: 857–868. https://doi.org/10.1007/s11258-016-0608-7