A hotspot of endemism: Oreophytic Taraxacum species (Compositae, Crepidinae) in the mountains of Bulgaria

JAN ŠTĚPÁNEK; JAN KIRSCHNER

doi:10.11646/phytotaxa.569.1.1

Issue: Vol. 569 No. 1: 20 October 2022

Type: Monograph

Published: 2022-10-20

DOI: 10.11646/phytotaxa.569.1.1

Page range: 1-139

Abstract views: 49

PDF downloaded: 3

**A hotspot of endemism: Oreophytic Taraxacum species (Compositae, Crepidinae) in the mountains of Bulgaria**

JAN ŠTĚPÁNEK⁺⁻
JAN KIRSCHNER⁺⁻

Institute of Botany of the Czech Academy of Sciences, CZ-25243 Průhonice 1, Czech Republic

Balkan Peninsula Endemism Mountain flora Cichorieae Taxonomy Bulgaria Eudicots

Requires Subscription or Fee PDF (66MB)

Abstract

The genus Taraxacum (Compositae, Crepidinae) is rather underexplored in the Balkan Peninsula, in spite of high sectional and species diversities and a considerable proportion of endemism to be expected. We focussed our research on mountain areas of Bulgaria. If occasional occurrence of otherwise lowland groups is disregarded, the following Taraxacum sections were recorded: T. sect. Erythrocarpa (treated in a separate paper), T. sect. Rhodocarpa (= T. sect. Alpestria; fourteen species, twelve newly described), T. sect. Crocea (previously referred to as T. sect. Fontana, with six species, five newly described), T. sect. Obliqua (four species, three newly described), and a new section, T. sect. Bulgarica (18 species, seventeen newly described). A single supramontane to subalpine species with an unknown sectional position, T. erzincanense, is also included. The new section, T. sect. Bulgarica, is characterized by a dwarf growth, very short leaves tightly appressed to the ground, enormously broadly winged petioles, appressed, dark, usually narrowly bordered outer phyllaries, and variously coloured achenes, most often with a conical to subcylindrical cone. The diversity of T. sect. Crocea, T. sect. Obliqua and T. sect. Bulgarica involves a high proportion of local endemism, and, in each section, it is concentrated around local sexual species, T. (Obliqua) pyrenaicum subsp. balcanicum, T. (Crocea) paludosiforme and T. (Bulgarica) bulgaricum. The other representatives of mountain sections are agamospermous and polyploid (triploid to hexaploid). The Taraxacum records published by Doll (1978) are revised; the names T. paludosiforme Doll and T. pseudovernelense Doll are lectotypified. Contrary to the published records, species described from the Alps are absent from Bulgaria; there is a single species of T. sect. Rhodocarpa with its geographical range extending from the Romanian Southern Carpathians to Bulgaria. The high proportion of local endemism is accounted for by the young age of the Bulgarian species.

References

Anonymous [IUCN Species Survival Commission] (2012) IUCN Red List Categories and Criteria, version 3.1, ed. 2. – IUCN, Gland, Switzerland, 32 pp.
Assyov, B. & Petrova, A. (2012) Conspectus of the Bulgarian vascular flora, Ed. 4. Bulgarian Biodiversity Foundation, Sofia, 489 pp.
Baldacci, A. (1899) Rivista della collezione fatta nel 1896 in Albania. Nuovo Giornale Botanico Italiano, nuova serie, 6 (2): 149–187.
Besser, W. (1822) Enumeratio plantarum hucusque in Volhynia, Podolia, Gub. Kijoviensi, Bessarabia Cis-Tyraica et circa Odessam collectarum, simul cum observationibus in Primitias Florae Galiciae Austriacae. Typis Josephi Zawadzki universitatis typographi, Vilnae [Vilnius], 111 pp. https://doi.org/10.5962/bhl.title.6648
Candolle, A.P. de (1838) Prodromus systematis naturalis regni vegetabilis, vol. 7 (1). Treuttel & Würtz, Parisiis, 330 pp. [https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/7156#page/5/mode/1up]
Christiansen, M.P. (1942) The Taraxacum-flora of Iceland. In: Grøntved, J., Paulsen, O. & Sørensen, T. The Botany of Iceland, Vol. 3 (3). Einar Munksgaard, Copenhagen, pp. 229–343 + 44 plates
Dahlstedt, H. (1901) Taraxacum. In: Andersson, G. & Hesselman, H., Bidrag till kännedomen Spetsbergens och Beeren Eilands kärlväxtflora. Bihang till K. Svenska Vet.-Akad. Handlingar, sect. III, 26: 12–16.
Dahlstedt, H. (1905) Nya skandinaviska Taraxacum-arter, jämte öfversikt af grupperna Erythrosperma och Obliqua. Botaniska Notiser 1909: 167–179.
Dahlstedt, H. (1905) Om skandinaviska Taraxacum former. Botaniska Notiser 1905: 145–172.
Dahlstedt, H. (1907) Taraxacum Reichenbachii (Huter) Subsp. dovrense. Arkiv för Botanik 7 (1): 1–11 + plate I.
Dahlstedt, H. (1921) De svenska arterna av släktet Taraxacum. I. Erythrosperma, II. Obliqua. Acta Florae Sueciae 1: 1–160. 
Dalla Torre, K.W. & Sarntheim, L. (1912) Flora der gefürsteten Grafschaft Tirol, des Landes Vorarlberg und des Fürstenthumes Liechtenstein, Vol. 6 (3). Wagner, Inssbruck, 956 pp.
Doll, R. (1973) Revision der sect. Erythrosperma Dahlst. emend. Lindb. f. der Gattung Taraxacum Zinn. 1. Teil. Feddes Repertorium 83: 673–740. https://doi.org/10.1002/fedr.19730830905
Doll, R. (1973a) Revision der sect. Erythrosperma Dahlst. emend. Lindb. f. der Gattung Taraxacum Zinn. 2. Teil. Feddes Repertorium 84: 1–180. https://doi.org/10.1002/fedr.19730840102
Doll, R. (1975) Cytotaxonomische Beiträge zur Taraxacum-Flora der Türkei. Plant Systematics and Evolution 123: 199–212. https://doi.org/10.1007/BF00989404
Doll, R. (1976) Die Section Scariosa H.-M. emend. Dahlst. der Gattung Taraxacum. Feddes Repertorium 87: 553–585. https://doi.org/10.1002/fedr.19760870902
Doll, R. (1978) Zur Taraxacum-Flora des Rila-Gebirges. Feddes Repertorium 88 (9–10): 629–643 + Plates LXXI–LXXV. https://doi.org/10.1002/fedr.19780880904
Doll, R. (1982) Grundriß der Evolution der Gattung Taraxacum Zinn. Feddes Repertorium 93: 481–624. [https://onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/pdf/10.1002/fedr.19820930702] https://doi.org/10.1002/fedr.19820930702
Euro+Med (2006–) Euro+Med PlantBase – the information resource for Euro-Mediterranean plant diversity. Published on: http://ww2.bgbm.org/EuroPlusMed/ (accessed 10 April 2021).
Fischer, F.E.L. (1808) Catalogue du jardin des plantes, de S. E. Monsieur le Comte Aléxis de Razoumoffsky ... à Gorenki près de Moscou [Moskva], 143 pp.
Fries, E.M. (1814) Novitiae florae suecicae, Vol. 1. Berling, Lundae, 22 pp. 
Gaffiot, F. (1934) Dictionnaire illustré Latin - Français. Hachette, Paris, pp. [i]–[viii], [1]–1702.
Galán de Mera, A. (2017) Taraxacum Wigg. In: Castroviejo, S. (Coord.) Flora Ibérica, Vol. 16 (II), Compositae (partim). CSIC, Madrid, pp. 963–1062.
Ge, X.J., Kirschner, J. & Štěpánek, J. (2011) Taraxacum F. H. Wiggers. In: Wu, Z.Y., Raven, P.H. & Hong, D.Y. (Ed.) Flora of China, Vols. 20–21. St. Louis, Missouri Botanical Garden Press & Beijing, Science Press, pp. 270–325. 
Grossgeim, A.A. (1934) Flora Kavkaza, Vol. 4. Izd. Az. Zak. Fil. Ak. Nauk, Baku, 342 pp.
Gürdal, B., Štěpánek, J., Zeisek, V., Kirschner, J. & Özhatay, N. (2018) What is and what is not Taraxacum bithynicum (Compositae, Crepidinae). Phytotaxa 373 (3): 197–210. https://doi.org/10.11646/phytotaxa.373.3.3
Haglund, G. (1934) Taraxacum. In: Samuelsson, G., Symbolae ad Floram Graecam. Arkiv för Botanik 26A (5): 24–27.
Haglund, G.E. (1950) Einige Taraxaca aus der Schweiz. Berichte der Schweizerischen Botanischen Gesellschaft 60: 231–243.
Haglund, G.E. (1983) New species of Taraxacum, section Spectabilia, from Swedish Lapland. Annales Botanici Fennici 20 (3): 245–257 [ed. C. E. Sonck]. [https://www.jstor.org/stable/23725884]
Handel-Mazzetti, H. (1907) Monographie der Gattung Taraxacum. Franz Deuticke, Leipzig & Wien, xi + 175 pp. + 7 plates. [https://bibdigital.rjb.csic.es/records/item/10236]
Handel-Mazzetti, H. (1923) Nachträge zur Monographie der Gattung Taraxacum. Österreichische Botanische Zeitschrift 72: 254–275. [https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/91352#page/7/mode/1up] https://doi.org/10.1007/BF01660056
Haussknecht, H.C. (1895) Symbolae ad floram graecam. – Aufzählung der im Sommer 1885 in Griechenland gesammelten Pflanzen. Mittheilungen des Thüringischen Botanischen Vereins, Neue Folge 7: 25–64.
Hayek, A. (1931) Prodromus florae peninsulae Balcanicae, Vol. 2 (6). Fedde, Repert. Sp. Nov. Beihefte, Verlag des Repertoriums, Dahlem bei Berlin, pp. 769–960.
Heuffel, J. (1854) Ueber die Pflanzengattung Taraxacum Hall. un ein neues aus derselben geschiedenes Genus: Diószegia. Zeitschrift für Natur- und Heilkunde in Ungarn 5 (23): 177–178.
Heuffel, J. (1858) Enumeratio plantarum in Banatu Temesiensi sponte crescentium et frequentius cultarum. Verhandlungen der Zoologisch-Botanischen Gesellschaft in Wien 8: 39–240. https://doi.org/10.5962/bhl.title.9873
Hörandl, E. (2006) The complex causality of geographical parthenogenesis. New Phytologist 171: 525–538. https://doi.org/10.1111/j.1469-8137.2006.01769.x
Hornemann, J.W. (1819) Enumeratio horti botanici Hafniensis, supplementum. J.F. Schultz, Copenhagen, 172 pp.
Kirschner, J. & Štěpánek, J. (1987) Again on the sections in Taraxacum (Cichoriaceae). Taxon 36: 608–617. https://doi.org/10.2307/1221855
Kirschner, J. & Štěpánek, J. (1993) The genus Taraxacum in the Caucasus. 1, Introduction. 2, The section Porphyrantha. Folia Geobotanica & Phytotaxonomica 28: 295–320. [https://www.jstor.org/stable/4181206] https://doi.org/10.1007/BF02853517
Kirschner, J. & Štěpánek, J. (1993a) Taraxacum sect. Palustria (Compositae) in Bulgaria. Thaiszia 3: 13–29.
Kirschner, J. & Štěpánek, J. (1997) A nomenclatural checklist of supraspecific names in Taraxacum. Taxon 46: 87–98. https://doi.org/10.2307/1224294
Kirschner, J. & Štěpánek, J. (1997a) Notes on the series of Taraxaca Exsiccata, Fasc. V-VII (Studies in Taraxacum 16). Preslia 69: 35–58.
Kirschner, J. & Štěpánek, J. (1998) A monograph of Taraxacum sect. Palustria. Institute of Botany of the Czech Academy of Sciences, Průhonice, 281 pp.
Kirschner, J. & Štěpánek, J. (1999) A revision of Taraxacum sect. Piesis (Compositae). Folia Geobotanica 33: 391–414. [https://www.jstor.org/stable/4201326] https://doi.org/10.1007/BF02803642
Kirschner, J. & Štěpánek, J. (2004) New sections in Taraxacum. Folia Geobotanica & Phytotaxonomica 39: 259–274. https://doi.org/10.1007/BF02804781
Kirschner, J. & Štěpánek, J. (2014) Nomenclatural analysis of validity of Taraxacum names published by J. L. van Soest after 1958. Phytotaxa 158 (2): 169–181. https://doi.org/10.11646/phytotaxa.158.2.4
Kirschner, J., Štěpánek, J. & Greuter, W. (2008) Taraxacum F. H. Wigg. In: Greuter, W. Med-Checklist 2, Dicotyledones (Compositae), pp. 739-775. OPTIMA, Palermo, Med-Checklist Trust, Geneve & Euro+Med Plantbase Secretariat, Berlin. 
Kirschner, J., Štěpánek, J. & Greuter, W. (2007–2021) Taraxacum. In: Greuter, W. & Raab-Straube, E. von (eds.) Compositae. – Euro+Med Plantbase – the information resource for Euro-Mediterranean plant diversity. [http://ww2.bgbm.org/EuroPlusMed]
Kirschner, J., Štěpánek, J. & Klimeš, L. (2006) Dandelions in Central Asia: A revision of Taraxacum section Leucantha. Preslia 78: 27–65. [http://www.preslia.cz/P061CKir.pdf]
Kirschner, J., Štěpánek, J., Klimeš, L., Dvorský, M., Brůna, J., Macek, M. & Kopecký, M. (2020) The Taraxacum flora of Ladakh, with notes on the adjacent regions of the West Himalaya. Phytotaxa 457 (1): 1–409. https://doi.org/10.11646/phytotaxa.457.1.1
Kirschner, J., Záveská Drábková, L., Štěpánek, J. & Uhlemann, I. (2015) Towards a better understanding of the Taraxacum evolution (Compositae-Cichorieae) on the basis of nrDNA of sexually reproducing species. Plant Systematics and Evolution 301: 1135–1156. https://doi.org/10.1007/s00606-014-1139-0
Krahulcová, A. (1993) New chromosome numbers in Taraxacum with reference to SAT-chromosomes. Folia Geobotanica & Phytotaxonomica 28: 289–294. https://doi.org/10.1007/BF02853516
Lindberg, H. (1908) Taraxacum-former från södra och mellersta Finland. Acta Societatis pro Fauna et Flora Fennica 29 (9): 1–48.
Lindberg, H. (1935) Die Früchte der Taraxacum-Arten Finnlands. Acta Botanica Fennica 17: 1–22, Plates 1–38.
Linnaeus, C. (1767) Mantissa plantarum. Impensis direct. Laurent. Salvii, Holmiae, 142 pp.
Marklund, G. (1940) Die Taraxacum-Flora Nylands. Acta Botanica Fennica 26: 1–175.
Øllgaard, H. (2003) New species of Taraxacum, sect. Ruderalia, found in Central and Northern Europe. Preslia 75: 137–164.
Pénzes, A. (1948) Néhány új növényalak Bulgáriából [New plant forms from Bulgaria]. Borbásia 8: 1–8.
Petrova, A. & Vladimirov, V. (2010) Balkan endemics in the Bulgarian flora. Phytologia Balcanica 16: 293–311.
POWO (2022) Plants of the World Online. Royal Botanic Gardens, Kew. Available from: http://www.plantsoftheworldonline.org/ (Retrieved 10 October 2022).
Raunkiaer, C.C. (1906) Dansk Exkursions-Flora, Ed. 2. Gyldendalske Boghandel Nordisk Forlag, Kjøbenhavn og Kristiania, 286 pp.
Rechinger, K.H. (1934) Dreizehn neue Pflanzenarten aus Griechenland. Magyar Botanikai Lapok 33: 7–22 + Plates I–VII.
Reichenbach, H.G.L. (1831) Flora Germanica Excursoria, Vol. 1 (3). Apud Carolum Cnobloch, Lipsiae, 438 pp.
Reuter, G.F. (1861) Catalogue des graines recueillies en 1861 et offertes en échange par le Jardin botanique de Genève. Impr. Ramboz & Schuchart, Genève, 4 pp.
Richards, A.J. (1991) 35. Taraxacum Wiggers. In: Strid, A. & Tan, K. (Ed.) Mountain flora of Greece, Vol. 2. Edinburgh University Press, Edinburgh, pp. 541–572.
Richards, A.J. (1972) Taxonomic and nomenclatural notes on Taraxacum (Compositae). Botanical Journal of the Linnean Society 65: 37–45. https://doi.org/10.1111/j.1095-8339.1972.tb00922.x
Richards, A.J. & Sell, P.D. (1976) Taraxacum Weber. In: Tutin, T.G., Heywood, V.H., Burges, N.A., Moore, D.M., Valentine, D.H., Walters, S.M. & Webb, D.A. (eds.) Flora Europaea, Volume 4, Plantaginaceae to Compositae (and Rubiaceae), Cambridge University Press, Cambridge etc., pp. 332–343 [xxix+505 pp.].
Sahlin, C.I. (1984) New Pyrenean species of Taraxacum (Compositae). Pirineos 121: 5–27.
Sahlin, C.I. (1984a) Two new Taraxacum species from the Pyrenees. Bulletin, Société pour l’Échange des Plantes Vasculaires de l’Europe Occidentale et du Bassin Méditerranéen 19: 113–114.
Schischkin, B.K. [& Tzvelev, N.N., ed.] (1964) Rod 1667. Oduvanchik – Taraxacum Wigg. In: Komarov, V.L. (Ed.) Flora SSSR, vol. 29. Nauka, Moskva & Leningrad, pp. 405–560, 728–754.
Schultes, J.A. (1814) Österreichs Flora, Ed. 2, Vol. 2. C. Schaumberg und Compagnie, Wien, 577 pp.
Sonck, C.E. (1984) New Taraxacum species from Greece. Annales Botanici Fennici 21: 157–170.
Sonck, C.E. (1985a [10 Jun 1985]) New Taraxacum species from Greece II. Annales Botanici Fennici 22: 139–148.
Sonck, C.E. (1985b [4 Nov 1985]) New Taraxacum species from Greece III. Annales Botanici Fennici 22: 255–262.
Sonck, C.E. (1986) Taraxacum subolivaceum (sect. Palustria), species nova, from Greece, and T. vexatum, nomen novum. Annales Botanici Fennici 23: 165–168.
Sonck, C.E. (1990) Espèces nouvelles de Taraxacum de France III. Hautes Alpes Annales Botanici Fennici 17: 267–275.
Sonck, C.E. (1993) New Taraxacum species from Greece IV. Annales Botanici Fennici 30: 205–210.
Sonck, C.E. (1998) Six new species of Taraxacum from France. Annales Botanici Fennici 35: 175–182. [http://www.jstor.org/stable/23726559]
Štěpánek, J. & Kirschner, J. (1999) Taraxacum mattmarkense, an endemic of the Western Alps, does not occur in Bulgaria. – Tarax. Newsl. 21: 7-10 [front cover page fig. and a map]
Štěpánek, J. & Kirschner, J. (2012) A taxonomic revision of Taraxacum sect. Erythrosperma (Compositae-Lactuceae) in Corsica. Feddes Repertorium 123: 139–176. https://doi.org/10.1002/fedr.201200032
Štěpánek, J. & Kirschner, J. (2014) A revision of names in Taraxacum sect. Erythrocarpa and T. sect. Erythrosperma (Asteraceae: Cichorieae) published by C. E. Sonck from Greece, with nomenclatural comments. Willdenowia 44: 137–144. https://doi.org/10.3372/wi.44.44114
Štěpánek, J. & Kirschner, J. (2015) Taraxacum umbrosum (Asteraceae, Cichorieae), a new species intermediate between sect. Erythrosperma and sect. Erythrocarpa, widespread in the Balkans. Annales Botanici Fennici 52: 160–164. https://doi.org/10.5735/085.052.0304
Štěpánek, J. & Kirschner, J. (2017) Taraxacum sect. Palustria (Compositae, Cichorieae) in Bulgaria revised, with three new species. Willdenowia 47: 155–165. https://doi.org/10.3372/wi.47.47207
Štěpánek, J. & Kirschner, J. (2021) Taraxacum sect. Austropaludosa, a new section allied to T. sect. Palustria (Compositae, Crepidinae). Feddes Repertorium 132: 279–286. https://doi.org/10.1002/fedr.202100009
Štěpánek, J. & Kirschner, J. (2022) Taraxacum sect. Erythrocarpa in Europe in the Alps and eastwards: A revision of a precursor group of relicts. Phytotaxa 536 (1): 7–52. https://doi.org/10.11646/phytotaxa.536.1.2
Štěpánek, J. & Kirschner, J. (2022, submitted) Taraxacum Wiggers. In: Bancheva, S. (ed.) Flora of Bulgaria, vol. XII. Sofia.
Štěpánek, J., Kirschner, J., Jarolímová, V. & Kirschnerová, L. (2011) Taraxacum nigricans, T. alpestre and allies in the Taraxacum sect. Alpestria: taxonomy, geography and conservation status. Preslia 83: 537–564.
Stojanov, N. & Stefanov, B.P. (1925) Flora na Bulgarija, Vol. 2. Министерството на земеделието и държавните имоти, Sofia, 758 pp.
Stojanov, N. & Stefanov, B.P. (1933) Flora na Bulgarija, Ed. 2. Kooperativna pečatnica Gutenberg, Sofia, 1104 pp.
Stojanov, N. & Stefanov, B.P. (1948) Flora na Bulgarija, Ed. 3. Universitetska pečatnica, Sofia, 1362 pp.
Stojanov, N., Stefanov, B. & Kitanov, B. [Стоянов, Н., Стефанов, Б. & Китанов, Б.] (1967) Flora na Bulgarija, Vol. 2 [Флора на България, част II.]. Наука и Изкуство, София, 1211pp. [Taraxacum, pp. 1165–1167]
Strøm, V. & Lange, J. (1840) Naturhistoriske Meddelelser af et Selskab. Naturhistorisk Tidsskrift 3: 395–409.
Tausch, I.F. (1821) Beschreibungen neuer Pflanzen aus dem Riesengebirge. Flora oder Botanische Zeitung 4 (2): 557–570.
Thiers, B. (2018+) [continuously updated] Index herbariorum. A global directory of public herbaria and associated staff. New York Botanical Garden’s Virtual Herbarium. – Published at: http://sweetgum.nybg.org/science/ih/ (accessed 10 April 2021).
Timbal-Lagrave, É. (1868) Rapport sur l‘excursion de Panticosa a Cauterets par le Col du Marcadau les 15 et 16 Aout 1868. Bulletin de la Société Botanique de France 15: LXXVIII–XC. https://doi.org/10.1080/00378941.1868.10829817
Timberlake, A. (2004) A Reference Grammar of Russian, Cambridge University Press, Cambridge, 503 pp. 
Turland, N.J., Wiersema, J.H., Barrie, F.R., Greuter, W., Hawksworth, D.L., Herendeen, P.S., Knapp, S., Kusber, W.-H., Li, D.-Z., Marhold, K., May, T.W., McNeill, J., Monro, A.M., Prado, J., Price, M.J. & Smith, G.F. (ed.) (2018) International Code of Nomenclature for algae, fungi, and plants (Shenzhen Code) adopted by the Nineteenth International Botanical Congress Shenzhen, China, July 2017. Koeltz Botanical Books, Glashütten [= Regnum Veg. 159]. https://doi.org/10.12705/Code.2018
Uhlemann, I. (2011) Notizen zur Taraxacum-Flora Österreichs und Südtirols. Neilreichia 6: 27–53.
Uzunov, D. (1997) Endemic plants on granitic terrains of the North Pirin mountains – ecological and phytogeographical remarks. Historia naturalis bulgarica 8: 127–136.
van Soest, J.L. (1959) Alpine species of Taraxacum. Acta Botanica Neerlandica 8: 77–138. https://doi.org/10.1111/j.1438-8677.1959.tb00013.x
van Soest, J.L. (1961) Quelques nouvelles espéces de Taraxacum, natives d´Europe. Acta Botanica Neerlandica 10: 280–306. https://doi.org/10.1111/j.1438-8677.1961.tb00055.x
van Soest, J.L. (1966) New species of Taraxacum from Asia I, II. Proceedings, Koniklijke Nederlandse Akademie van Wetenschappen, ser. C, 69 (3): 364–377 (I) et 378–388 (II).
van Soest, J.L. (1966b) Taraxacum lanjouwii v. Soest, a new species from Switzerland. Acta Botanica Neerlandica 15: 34–35. https://doi.org/10.1111/j.1438-8677.1966.tb00208.x
van Soest, J.L. (1969) Die Taraxacum-Arten der Schweiz. Veröffentlichungen des Geobotanischen Institutes der Eidg. Techn. Hochschule, Stiftung Rübel, in Zürich 42: 5–247.
van Soest, J.L. (1971) Quelques nouvelles espéces de Taraxacum, natives d‘Europe II. Acta Botanica Neerlandica 20: 141–156. https://doi.org/10.1111/j.1438-8677.1971.tb00694.x
van Soest, J.L. (1976) New Taraxacum-species from Europe V. Proceedings, Koniklijke Nederlandse Akademie van Wetenschappen, ser. C, 79: 171–190.
van Soest, J.L. (1977) Quelques espéces nouvelles de Taraxacum de France. Acta Botanica Neerlandica 26: 141–158. https://doi.org/10.1111/j.1438-8677.1977.tb01107.x
Vašut, R., Štěpánek, J. & Kirschner, J. (2005) Two new apomictic Taraxacum microspecies of the section Erythrosperma from Central Europe. Preslia 77: 197–210.
Velenovský, J. (1891) Flora bulgarica. Fr. Řivnáč, Pragae, 676 pp.
Velenovský, J. (1898) Flora bulgarica. Supplementum I. Fr. Řivnáč, Pragae, 404 pp.
Waldstein, F. & Kitaibel, P. (1802) Descriptiones et icones plantarum rariorum Hungariae. Volume 2. Viennae, Typis Matthiae Andreae Schmidt. pp. 105–220, plates 101–200
Wendt, G. & Øllgaard, H. (2015) Sandmaskrosor i Sverige och Danmark. Svenska Botaniska Föreningen, Lund, 296 pp.
Zeisek, V., Kirschner, J., Štěpánek, J. & Amini Rad, M. (2015) Microsatellite variation, sexual reproduction and taxonomic revision of Taraxacum sect. Dioszegia: relationships at a large spatial scale. Preslia 87: 87–117. [http://www.preslia.cz/members/P151Zeisek.pdf]