Microfungi associated with ornamental palms: Byssosphaeria phoenicis sp. nov. (Melanommataceae) and Pseudocoleophoma rhapidis sp. nov. (Dictyosporiaceae) from south China

NUWAN D. KULARATHNAGE; DHANUSHKA N. WANASINGHE; INDUNIL C. SENANAYAKE; YUNHUI YANG; ISHARA S. MANAWASINGHE; ALAN J.L. PHILLIPS; KEVIN D. HYDE; WEI DONG; JIAGE SONG

doi:10.11646/phytotaxa.568.2.2

Issue: Vol. 568 No. 2: 13 October 2022

Type: Article

Published: 2022-10-13

DOI: 10.11646/phytotaxa.568.2.2

Page range: 149-169

Abstract views: 107

PDF downloaded: 3

**Microfungi associated with ornamental palms: Byssosphaeria phoenicis sp. nov. (Melanommataceae) and Pseudocoleophoma rhapidis sp. nov. (Dictyosporiaceae) from south China**

NUWAN D. KULARATHNAGE⁺⁻
DHANUSHKA N. WANASINGHE⁺⁻
INDUNIL C. SENANAYAKE⁺⁻
YUNHUI YANG⁺⁻
ISHARA S. MANAWASINGHE⁺⁻
ALAN J.L. PHILLIPS⁺⁻
KEVIN D. HYDE⁺⁻
WEI DONG⁺⁻
JIAGE SONG⁺⁻

Innovative Institute for Plant Health / Key Laboratory of Green Prevention and Control on Fruits and Vegetables in South China, Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs, Zhongkai University of Agriculture and Engineering, Guangzhou 510225, Guangdong, China; Center of Excellence in Fungal Research, Mae Fah Luang University, Chiang Rai 57100, Thailand; School of Science, Mae Fah Luang University, Chiang Rai 57100, Thailand

Honghe Center for Mountain futures, Kunming Institute of Botany, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Honghe County, 654400, Yunnan, China; CIFOR-ICRAF China Program, World Agroforestry (ICRAF), Kunming 650201, Yunnan, China

Innovative Institute for Plant Health / Key Laboratory of Green Prevention and Control on Fruits and Vegetables in South China, Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs, Zhongkai University of Agriculture and Engineering, Guangzhou 510225, Guangdong, China

Innovative Institute for Plant Health / Key Laboratory of Green Prevention and Control on Fruits and Vegetables in South China, Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs, Zhongkai University of Agriculture and Engineering, Guangzhou 510225, Guangdong, China; Center of Excellence in Fungal Research, Mae Fah Luang University, Chiang Rai 57100, Thailand; School of Science, Mae Fah Luang University, Chiang Rai 57100, Thailand

Innovative Institute for Plant Health / Key Laboratory of Green Prevention and Control on Fruits and Vegetables in South China, Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs, Zhongkai University of Agriculture and Engineering, Guangzhou 510225, Guangdong, China

Biosystems and Integrative Sciences Institute (BioISI), Universidade de Lisboa, Lisbon, 1749-016, Portugal

Innovative Institute for Plant Health / Key Laboratory of Green Prevention and Control on Fruits and Vegetables in South China, Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs, Zhongkai University of Agriculture and Engineering, Guangzhou 510225, Guangdong, China; Center of Excellence in Fungal Research, Mae Fah Luang University, Chiang Rai 57100, Thailand; School of Science, Mae Fah Luang University, Chiang Rai 57100, Thailand

Innovative Institute for Plant Health / Key Laboratory of Green Prevention and Control on Fruits and Vegetables in South China, Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs, Zhongkai University of Agriculture and Engineering, Guangzhou 510225, Guangdong, China

2 new species Dothideomycetes leaf spots pathogenicity test Pleosporales Fungi

Requires Subscription or Fee PDF (9MB)

Abstract

The health and attractiveness of ornamental plants play key role in gardening and horticulture. They affect both the economical and ornamental value of the plants. In this study, we collected and isolated microfungi associated with dead petioles of dwarf date palm and living leaves of lady palm from Zhongkai University Garden, Guangzhou, China. Phylogenetic relationships were investigated based on multi-locus phylogeny of ITS, LSU, SSU and tef-1α sequence data. The morphology of the new collections was compared with all the relevant species. Based on the morphological comparison and multi-locus phylogeny, we introduce Byssosphaeria phoenicis sp. nov. and Pseudocoleophoma rhapidis sp. nov. in Melanommataceae and Dictyosporiaceae, respectively. Detailed descriptions and illustrations are provided with notes discussing allied species in Byssosphaeria and Pseudocoleophoma. Pathogenicity testing of P. rhapidis causing leaf spots on lady palm was proven and Koch’s postulates fulfilled. This is the first phytopathogenic Pseudocoleophoma species. The pathogenicity does not cause dieback, but the leaf spots reduce the aesthetical value of the plants.

References

Barr, M.E. (1984) Herpotrichia and its segregates. Mycotaxon 20: 1–38.
Barr, M.E. (1990) Melanommatales (Loculoascomycetes). In: North American Flora. Series (II). New York Botanical Garden, New York, 129 pp.
Barrow, S.C. (1998) A monograph of Phoenix L. (Palmae: Coryphoideae). Kew Bulletin 53 (3): 513–575.
Bhunjun, C.S., Phillips, A.J.L., Jayawardena, R.S., Promputtha, I. & Hyde, K.D. (2021) Importance of molecular data to identify fungal plant pathogens and guidelines for pathogenicity testing based on Koch’s Postulates. Pathogens 10 (9): 1096. https://doi.org/10.3390/pathogens10091096
Bose, S.K. (1961) Studies on Massarina Sacc. and related genera. Phytopathologische Zeitschrift 41: 151–213. https://doi.org/10.1111/j.1439-0434.1961.tb04048.x
Cai, L., Hyde, K.D., Taylor, P.W.J., Abang, M.M., Yang, Y.L., Liu, Z.Y., Shivas, R.G., Mckenzie, E.H.C. & Johnston, P.R. (2009) A polyphasic approach for studying Colletotrichum. Fungal Diversity 39: 183–204.
Chen, C.Y. & Hsieh, W.H. (2004) Byssosphaeria and Herpotrichia from Taiwan, with notes on the taxonomic relationship between these two genera. Sydowia 56: 24–38.
Chethana, K.W.T., Manawasinghe, I.S., Hurdeal, V.G., Bhunjun, C.S., Appadoo, M.A., Gentekaki, E., Raspé, O., Promputtha, I. & Hyde, K.D. (2021) What are fungal species and how to delineate them. Fungal Diversity 109: 1–25. https://doi.org/10.1007/s13225-021-00483-9
Cohen, Y. & Ku´c, J. (1981) Evaluation of systemic resistance to blue mold induced in tobacco leaves by prior stem inoculation with Peronospora hyoscyami f. sp. Tabacina. Phytopathology 71: 783–787.
Dayarathne, M.C., Wanasinghe, D.N., Jones, E.B.G., Chomnunti, P. & Hyde, K.D. (2018) A novel marine genus, Halobyssothecium (Lentitheciaceae) and epitypification of Halobyssothecium obiones comb. nov. Mycological Progress 17: 1161–1171. https://doi.org/10.1007/s11557-018-1432-3
de Gruyter, J., Woudenberg, J.H.C., Aveskamp, M.M., Verkley, G.J.M., Groenewald, J.Z. & Crous, P.W. (2013) Redisposition of phoma-like anamorphs in Pleosporales. Studies in Mycology 75: 1–36. https://doi.org/10.3114/sim0004.
de Oliveira, D.A.S., Debing, Y., Dieryck, I., Lyimu, W.M. & Paeshuyse, J. (2021) Genome sequences and phylogeny of two duck Hepatitis B viruses. Microbiology Resource Announcements 10 (7): e01327-20. https://doi.org/10.1128/MRA.01327-20
Diederich, P., Lawrey, J.D. & Damien, E. (2018) The 2018 classification and checklist of lichenicolous fungi, with 2000 nonlichenized, obligately lichenicolous taxa. The Bryologist 121 (3): 340–425. https://doi.org/10.1639/0007-2745-121.3.340 
Dong, W., Wang, B., Hyde, K.D., McKenzie, E.H.C., Raja, H.A., Tanaka, K., Abdel-Wahab, M.A., Abdel-Aziz, F.A., Doilom, M., Phookamsak, R., Hongsanan, S., Wanasinghe, D.N., Yu, X.D., Wang, G.N., Yang, H., Yang, J., Thambugala, K.M., Tian, Q., Luo, Z.L., Yang, J.B., Miller, A.N., Fournier, J., Boonmee, S., Hu, D.M., Nalumpang, S. & Zhang, H. (2020) Freshwater Dothideomycetes. Fungal Diversity 105: 319–575. https://doi.org/10.1007/s13225-020-00463-5
Farr, D.F. & Rossman, A.Y. (2022) Fungal Databases, U.S. National Fungus Collections, ARS, USDA. https://nt.ars-grin.gov/fungaldatabases/ Retrieved on 14 January 2022.
Fernando, A.M., Adrián, O.L., José, U. & Gerardo, H.B. (2019) Bacterial diversity and population dynamics during the fermentation of palm wine from Guerrero Mexico. Frontiers in Microbiology 10: 531. https://doi.org/10.3389/fmicb.2019.00531. 
Freeman, S. & Shabi, E. (1996) Cross-infection of subtropical and temperate fruits by Colletotrichum species from various hosts. Physiological and Molecular Plant Pathology 49: 395–404.
Fröhlich, J. & Hyde, K.D. (2000) Palm microfungi. Fungal Diversity Research Series 3: 1–375. 
Gilman, E.F. (2006) Palms in the landscape. http://hort.ifas.ufl.edu/woody/palms. shtml/ Retrieved on 14 January 2022.
Hall, T.A. (1999) BioEdit: a user-friendly biological sequence alignment editor and analysis program for Windows 95/98/NT. Nucleic Acids Symposium Series 41: 95–98.
Hawksworth, D.L., Kirk, P.M., Sutton, B.C. & Pegler, D.N. (1995) Ainsworth & bisby’s dictionary of the fungi, 8th edn. CABI, Wallingford.
Hongsanan, S., Hyde, K.D., Phookamsak, R., Wanasinghe, D.N., McKenzie, E.H.C., Sarma, V.V., Lück-ing, R., Boonmee, S., Bhat, J.D., Liu, N.G., Tennakoon, D.S., Pem, D., Karunarathna, A., Jiang,S.H., Jones, G.E.B., Phillips, A.J.L., Manawasinghe, I.S., Tibpromma, S., Jayasiri, S.C., Sandamali, D., Jayawardena, R.S., Wijayawardene, N.N., Ekanayaka, A.H., Jeewon, R., Lu, Y.Z., Phukhamsakda, C., Dissanayake, A.J., Zeng, X.Y., Luo, Z.L., Tian, Q., Thambugala, K.M., Dai, D., Samarakoon, M.C., Chethana, K.W.T., Ertz,D., Doilom, M., Liu, J.K., Pérez-Ortega, S., Suija, A., Senwanna, C., Wijesinghe, S.N., Niranjan, M., Zhang, S.N., Ariyawansa, H.A., Jiang, H.B., Zhang, J.F., Nor-phanphoun, C., de Silva, N.I., Thiyagaraja, V., Zhang, H., Jadson, D.P., Bezerra, J.D.P., Miranda-González, R., Aptroot, A., Kashiwadani, H., Harishchandra, D., Sérusiaux, E., Abeywickrama, P.D., Bao, D.F., Devadatha, B., Wu, H.X., Moon, K.H., Gueidan, C., Schumm, F., Bundhun, D., Mapook, A., Monkai, J., Bhunjun, C.S., Chomnunti, P., Suetrong, S., Chaiwan, N., Dayarathne, M.C., Yang, J., Rathnayaka, A.R., Xu, J.C., Zheng, J., Liu, G., Feng, Y. & Xie, N. (2020) Refined families of Dothideomycetes: orders and families incertae sedis in Dothideomycetes. FungalDiversity 105: 17–318. https://doi.org/10.1007/s13225-020-00462-6
Hyde, K.D., Aptroot, A., Fröhlich, J. & Taylor, J.E. (2000) Fungi from palms. XLIII. Lophiostoma and Astrosphaeriella species with slit-like ostioles. Nova Hedwigia 70: 143–160. https://doi.org/0.1127/nova.hedwigia/70/2000/143
Hyde, K.D., Bussaban, B., Paulus, B., Crous, P.W., Lee, S., McKenzie, E.H.C., Photita, W. & Lumyong, S. (2007) Diversity of saprobic microfungi. Biodiversity and Conservation 16: 7–35. https://doi.org/10.1007/s10531-006-9119-5
Hyde, K.D. & Fröhlich, J. (1998) Fungi from palms XXXVII. The genus Astrosphaeriella including ten new species. Sydowia 50: 81–132.
Hyde, K.D., Fröhlich, J. & Taylor, J.E. (1997) Diversity of ascomycetes on palms in the tropics. In: Hyde, K.D. (Ed.) Biodiversity of Tropical Microfungi. Hong Kong University Press, Hong Kong, pp. 141–156.
Hyde, K.D. & Hawksworth, D.L. (1997) Measuring and monitoring the biodiversity of microfungi. In: Hyde, K.D. (Ed.) Biodiversity of Tropical Microfungi. Hong Kong University Press, Hong Kong, pp. 11–28.
Hyde, K.D., Hongsanan, S., Jeewon, R., Bhat, D.J., McKenzie, E.H.C., Jones, E.B.G., Phookamsak, R., Ariyawansa, H.A., Boonmee, S., Zhao, Q., Abdel-Aziz, F.A., Abdel-Wahab, M.A., Banmai, S., Chomnunti, P., Cui, B.K., Daranagama, D.A., Das, K., Dayarathne, M.C., de Silva, N.I., Dissanayake, A.J., Doilom, M., Ekanayaka, A.H., Baptista, G.T., Góes-Neto, A., Huang, SK., Jayasiri, S.C., Jayawardena, R.S., Konta, S., Lee, H.B., Li, W.J., Lin, C.G., Liu, J.K., Lu, Y.Z., Luo, Z.L., Manawasinghe, I.S., Manimohan, P., Mapook, A., Niskanen, T., Norphanphoun, C., Papizadeh, M., Perera, R.H., Phukhamsakda, C., Richter, C., de A. Santiago, A.L.C.M., Drechsler-Santos, E.R., Senanayake, I.C., Tanaka, K., Tennakoon, D.S., Thambugala, K.M., Tian, Q., Tibpromma, S., Thongbai, B., Vizzini, A., Wanasinghe, D.N., Wijayawardene, N.N., Wu, HX., Yang, J., Zeng, X.Y., Zhang, H., Zhang, J.F., Bulgakov, T.S., Camporesi, E., Bahkali, A.H., Amoozegar, M.A., Araujo-Neta, L.S., Ammirati, J.F., Baghela, A., Bhatt, R.P., Bojantchev, D., Buyck, B., da Silva, G.A., de Lima, C.L.F., de Oliveira, R.J.V., de Souza, C.A.F., Dai, Y.C., Dima, B., Duong, T.T., Ercole, E., Mafalda-Freire, F., Ghosh, A., Hashimoto, A., Kamolhan, S., Kang, J.C., Karunarathna, S.C., Kirk, P.M., Kytövuori, I., Lantieri, A., Liimatainen, K., Liu, Z.Y., Liu, X.Z., Lücking, R., Medardi, G., Mortimer, P.E., Nguyen, T.T.T., Promputtha, I., Anil Raj, K.N., Reck, M.A., Lumyong, S., Shahzadeh-Fazeli, S.A., Stadler, M., Soudi, M.R., Su, H.Y., Takahashi, T., Tangthirasunun, N., Uniyal, P., Wang, Y., Wen, T.C., Xu, J.C., Zhang, Z.K., Zhao, Y.C., Zhou, J.L. & Zhu, L. (2016) Fungal diversity notes 367–500: taxonomic and phylogenetic contributions to fungal taxa. Fungal Diversity 80: 1–270. https://doi.org/10.1007/s13225-016-0373-x
Hyde, K.D., Jones, E.B.G., Liu, J.K., Ariyawansa, H., Boehm, E., Boonmee, S, Braun, U., Chomnunti P, Crous, P.W., Dai, D.Q., Diederich, P., Dissanayake, A., Doilom, M., Doveri, F., Hongsanan, S., Jayawardena, R., Lawrey, J.D., Li ,Y.M., Liu, Y.X., Lücking, R., Monkai, J., Muggia, L., Nelsen, M.P., Pang, K.L, Phookamsak, R., Senanayake, I.C., Shearer, C.A., Suetrong, S., Tanaka, K., Thambugala, K.M., Wijayawardene, N.N., Wikee, S., Wu, H.X., Zhang, Y., Aguirre-Hudson, B., Alias, S.A., Aptroot, A., Bahkali, A.H., Bezerra, J.L., Bhat, D.J., Camporesi, E., Chukeatirote, E., Gueidan, C., Hawksworth, D.L., Hirayama, K., de Hoog, G.S., Liu, J.C., Knudsen, K., Li, W.J., Li, X.H., Liu, Z.Y., Mapook, A., McKenzie, E.H.C., Miller, A.N., Mortimer, P.E., Phillips, A.J.L., Raja, H.A., Scheuer, C., Schumm, F., Taylor, J.E., Tian, Q., Tibpromma, S., Wanasinghe, D.N., Wang, Y., Xu, J.C., Yacharoen, S., Yan, J.Y. & Zhang, M. (2013) Families of Dothideomycetes. Fungal Diversity 63: 1–313. https://doi.org/10.1007/s13225-013-0263-4
Hyde, K.D., Taylor, J.E. & Fröhlich, J. (1999) Two new species of Pseudohalonectria from palms, Mycologia, 91: 3 520–524. https://doi.org/10.1080/00275514.1999.1206104
Hyde, K.D., Jones, E.B.G., Liu, J.K., Ariyawansha, H., Bochm, E., Boonmee, S., Braun, U., Chomnunti, P., Crous, P., Dai, D.Q., Diederich, P., Dissanayake, A., Doilom, M., Doveri, F., Hongsanan, S., Jaya-wardena, R., Lawrey, J.D., Li, Y.M., Liu, Y.X., Liucking, R., Monkai, J., Nelsen, M.P., Phookamsak, R., Muggia, L., Pang, K.L., Senanayake, I., Shearer, C.A., Wijayawardene, N., Wu, H.X., Thambugala, M., Suetrong, S., Tanaka, K., Wikee, S., Zhang, Y., Hudson, B.A., Alias, S.A., Aptroot, A., Bahkali, A.H., Bezerra, L.J., Bhat, J.D., Camporesi, E., Chukeatirote, E., Hoog, S.D., Gueidan, C., Hawks-worth, D.L., Hirayama, K., Kang, J.C., Knudsen, K., Li, W.J., Liu, Z.Y., McKenzie, E.H.C., Miller, A.N., Nadeeshan, D., Phillip, A.J.L., Mapook, A., Raja, H.A., Tian, Q., Zhang, M., Scheuer, C., Schumm, F., Taylor, J., Yacharoen, S., Tibpromma, S., Wang, Y., Yan, J. & Li, X. (2013) Families of Dothideomycetes. Fungal Diversity 63: 1–313. https://doi.org/10.1007/s13225-013-0263-4
Ibrahim, K.M. (2018) Integrating date palm biotechnology with community, a review. Iraqi Journal of Biotechnology 17: 1–12. 
Index Fungorum (2022) http://www.indexfungorum.org/names/Names.asp. (Accessed on 14 January 2022)
Jayasiri, S.C., Hyde, K.D., Abd-Elsalam, K.A., Abdel-Wahab, M.A., Ariyawansa, H.A., Bhat, J., Buyck, B., Dai, Y.C., Ertz, D., Hidayat, I., Jeewon, R., Jones, E.B.G., Karunarathna, S.C., Kirk, P., Lei, C., Liu, J.K., Maharachchikumbura, S.S.N., McKenzie, E., GhobadNejhad, M., Nilsson, H., Pang, K.L., Phookamsak, R., Rollins, A.W., Romero, A.I., Stephenson, S., Suetrong, S., Tsui, C.K.M., Vizzini, A., Wen, T.C., De Silva, N.I., Promputtha, I. & Kang, J.C. (2015) The faces of fungi database: fungal names linked with morphology, molecular and human attributes. Fungal Diversity 74: 18–357. https://doi.org/10.1007/s13225-015-0351-8 
Jayasiri, S.C., Hyde, K.D., Jones, E.B.G., Mckenzie, E., Jeewon, R., Phillips, A.J.L., Bhat, D.J., Wanasinghe, D.N., Liu, J.K., Lu, Y.Z., Kang, J.C., Xu, J. & Karunarathna, S.C. (2019) Diversity, morphology and molecular phylogeny of Dothideomycetes on decaying wild seed pods and fruits. Mycosphere 10 (1): 1–186. https://doi.org/10.5943/mycosphere/10/1/1
Jayawardena, R.S., Hyde, K.D., de Farias, A.R.G., Bhunjun, C.S., Ferdinandez, H.S., Manamgoda, D.S., Udayanga, D., Herath, I.S., Thambugala, K.M., Manawasinghe, I.S., Gajanayake, A.J., Samarakoon, B.C., Bundhun, D., Gamdola, D., Sun, Y.R., Tang, X., Promputtha, I. & Thines, M. (2021) What is a species in fungal plant pathogens? Fungal Diversity 109: 239–266. https://doi.org/10.1007/s13225-021-00484-8
Jeewon, R. & Hyde, K.D. (2016) Establishing species boundaries and new taxa among fungi: recommendations to resolve taxonomic ambiguities. Mycosphere 7: 1669–1677. https://doi.org/10.5943/mycosphere/7/11/4
Katoh, K., Rozewicki, J. & Yamada, K.D. (2019) MAFFT online service: multiple sequence alignment, interactive sequence choice and visualization. Briefings in bioinformatics 20: 1160–1166. https://doi.org/10.1093/bib/bbx108
Khierallah, H.S.M., Bader, S.M., Ibrahim, K.M. & Al-Jboory, I.J. (2015) Date Palm Status and Perspective in Iraq. In: Al-Khayri, J., Jain, S., Johnson, D. (Ed.) Date palm genetic resources and utilization. Springer, Dordrecht, pp. 97–152. https://doi.org/10.1007/978-94-017-9707-8_4
Konta, S., Hongsanan, S., Eungwanichayapant, P.D., Liu, J.K., Jeewon, R., Hyde, K.D., Maharachchikumbura, S.S.N. & Boonmee, S. (2017) Leptosporella (Leptosporellaceae fam. nov.) and Linocarpon and Neolinocarpon (Linocarpaceae fam. nov.) are accommodated in Chaetosphaeriales. Mycosphere 8: 1943–1974. https://doi.org/10.5943/mycosphere/8/10/16
Konta, S., Hyde, K.D., Eungwanichayapant, P.D., Doilom, M., Tennakoon, D.S., Senwanna, C. & Boonmee, S. (2020) Fissuroma (Aigialaceae: Pleosporales) appears to be hyperdiverse on Arecaceae: evidence from two new species from southern Thailand. Acta Botanica Brasilica. 34: 384–393. https://doi.org/10.1590/0102-33062020abb0021
Li, J.F., Jeewon, R., Mortimer, P.E., Doilom, M., Phookamsak, R. & Promputtha, I. (2020) Multigene phylogeny and taxonomy of Dendryphion hydei and Torula hydei sp. nov. from herbaceous litter in northern Thailand. PloS one 15 (2): e0228067. https://doi.org/10.1371/journal.pone.0228067
Li, W.J., McKenzie, E.H.C., Liu, J.K., Bhat, D.J., Dai, D.Q., Camporesi, E., Tian, Q., Maharachchikumbura, S.S.N., Luo, Z.L., Shang, Q.J., Zhang, F.J., Tangthirasunun, N., Karunarathna, S.C., Xu, J.C. & Hyde, K.D. (2020) Taxonomy and phylogeny of hyaline-spored coelomycetes. Fungal Diversity 100: 279–801. https://doi.org /10.1007/s13225-020-00440-y 
Li, W.Y. & Zhuang, W.Y. (2008) Notes on the genus Byssosphaeria (Melanommataceae) from China. Mycosystema 27: 48–53. 
Liu, J.K., Hyde, K.D., Jones, E.B.G., Ariyawansa, H.A., Bhat, D.J., Boonmee, S., Maharachchikumbura, S.S.N., McKenzie, E.H.C., Phookamsak, R., Phukhamsakda, C., Shenoy, B.D., Abdel-Wahab, M.A., Buyck, B., Chen, J., Chethana, K.W.T., Singtripop, C., Dai, D.Q., Dai, Y.C., Daranagama, D.A., Dissanayake, A.J., Doilom, M., D’souza, M.J., Fan, X.L., Goonasekara, I.D., Hirayama, K., Hongsanan, S., Jayasiri, S.C., Jayawardena, R.S., Karunarathna, S.C., Li, W.J., Mapook, A., Norphanphoun, C., Pang, K.L., Perera, R.H., Peršoh, D., Pinruan, U., Senanayake, I.C., Somrithipol, S., Suetrong, S., Tanaka, K., Thambugala, K.M., Tian, Q., Tibpromma, S., Udayanga, D., Wijayawardene, N.N., Wanasinghe, D., Wisitrassameewong, K., Zeng, X.Y., Abdel-Aziz, F.A., Adamčík, S., Bahkali, A.H., Boonyuen, N., Bulgakov, T., Callac, P., Chomnunti, P., Greiner, K., Hashimoto, A., Hofstetter, V., Kang, J.C., Lewis, D., Li, X.H., Liu, X.Z., Liu, Z.Y., Matsumura, M., Mortimer, P.E., Rambold, G., Randrianjohany, E., Sato, G., Sri-Indrasutdhi, V., Tian, C.M., Verbeken, A., von Brackel, W., Wang, Y., Wen, T.C., Xu, J.C., Yan, J.Y., Zhao, R.L. & Camporesi, E. (2015) Fungal Diversity Notes 1–110: Taxonomic and phylogenetic contributions to fungal species. Fungal Diversity 72: 1–197. https://doi.org/10.1007/s13225-015-0324-y
Luque, J., Parlade, J. & Pera, J. (2000) Pathogenicity of fungi isolated from Quercus suber in Catalonia (NE Spain). Forest Pathology 30: 247–263. https://doi.org/10.1046/j.1439-0329.2000. 00208.x
Maharachchikumbura, S.S.N., Chen, Y., Ariyawansa, H.A., Hyde, K.D., Haelewaters, D., Perera, R.H., Samarakoon, M.C., Wanasinghe, D.N., Bustamante, D.E., Liu, J., Lawrence, D.P., Cheewangkoon, R. & Stadlerm, M. (2021) Integrative approaches for species delimitation in Ascomycota. Fungal Diversity 109: 155–179. https://doi.org/10.1007/s13225-021-00486-6
McClendon, T., Roberds, W. & LeVert, J. (2007) Hardy Palms for the Southeast. Southeastern Palm Society, Inc., Apison.
Nylander, J.A.A. (2004) MrModeltest 2.0. Program distributed by the author. Evolutionary Biology Centre, Uppsala University.
Phukhamsakda, C., McKenzie, E.H.C., Phillips, A.J.L., Jones, E.B.G., Bhat, D.J., Stadler, M., Bhunjun, C.S., Wanasinghe, D.N., Thongbai, B., Camporesi, E., Ertz, D., Jayawardena, R.S., Perera, R.H., Ekanayake, A.H., Tibpromma, S., Doilom, M., Xu, J.C. & Hyde, K.D. (2020) Microfungi associated with Clematis (Ranunculaceae) with an integrated approach to delimiting species boundaries. Fungal Diversity 102: 1–203. https://doi.org/10.1007/s13225-020-00448-4
Pinnoi, A., Lumyong, S., Hyde, K.D. & Jones, E.B.G. (2006) Biodiversity of fungi on the palm Eleiodoxa conferta in Sirindhorn peat swamp forest, Narathiwat, Thailand. Fungal Diversity 22: 205–218. 
Pinruan, U., Hyde, K.D., Lumyong, S., McKenzie, E.H.C. & Jones, E.B.G. (2007) Occurrence of fungi on tissues of the peat swamp palm Licuala longicalycata. Fungal Diversity 25: 157–173. 
Rambaut, A. (2009) FigTree v1.4: Tree Figure Drawing Tool. Available: http://tree.bio.ed.ac.uk/software/figtree/ Accessed on 25 January 2022.
Rambaut, A., Drummond, A.J. (2007) Tracer v1, 4. Available from: http://beast.bio.ed.ac. uk/Tracer. (Accessed 1 January 2022)
Réblová, M. (1997) Revision and reclassification of some Chaetosphaeria species. Czech Mycology 50: 73–83. https://doi.org/10.33585/cmy.50201
Rehner, S. (2001) Primers for Elongation Factor 1-α (EF1-α). Washington, DC: Insect Biocontrol Laboratory: USDA, ARS, PSI.
Ronquist, F., Teslenko, M., van der Mark, P., Ayres, D.L., Darling, A., Höhna, S., Larget, B., Liu, L., Suchard, M.A., Huelsenbeck, J.P. (2012) MrBayes 3.2: efficient Bayesian phylogenetic inference and model choice across a large model space. Systematic Biology 61 (3): 539–542. https://doi.org/10.1093/sysbio/sys029
Samuels, G.J. & Müller, E. (1978) Life-history studies of Brazilian ascomycetes 4. Three species of Herpotricia and their pyrenochaeta-like anamorphs. Sydowia 31: 157–168.
Sarwar, M.K., Naheed, R., Ijaz, S. & Ul Haq, I. (2020) Fungal diseases of Lady palm (Rhapis excelsa) and Fishtail palm (Caryota mitis). In: Ul Haq, I. & Ijaz, S. (eds.) Etiology and integrated management of economically important fungal diseases of ornamental palms. Sustainability in Plant and Crop Protection, vol 16. Springer, Cham. https://doi.org/10.1007/978-3-030-56330-1_14
Scheuer, C. & Chlebicki, A. (1997) Recent collections of miscellaneous microfungi from South Poland. Acta Mycologica 32: 147–172. https://doi.org/10.5586/am.1997.014
Senanayake, I.C., Jeewon, R., Hyde, K.D., Bhat, J.D. & Cheewangkoon, R. (2020a) Taxonomy and phylogeny of Leptosillia cordylinea sp. nov. from China. Phytotaxa 435 (3): 213–226. https://doi.org/10.11646/phytotaxa.435.3.1
Senanayake, I.C., Rathnayaka, A.R., Marasinghe, D.S., Calabon, M.S., Gentekaki, E., Lee, H.B., Hurdeal, V.G., Pem, D., Dissanayake, L.S., Wijesinghe, S.N., Bundhun, D., Nguyen, T.T., Goonasekara, I.D., Abeywickrama, P.D., Bhunjun, C.S., Jayawardena, R.S., Wanasinghe, D.N., Jeewon, R., Bhat, D.J. & Xiang, M.M. (2020b) Morphological approaches in studying fungi: collection, examination, isolation, sporulation and preservation. Mycosphere 11 (1): 2678–2754. https://doi.org/10.5943/mycosphere/11/1/20 
Shareef, H.J., Al-Tememi, I.H. & Abdi, G. (2021) Foliar nutrition of date palm: advances and applications. A review. Folia Oecologica 48 (1): 82–99. https://doi.org/ 10.2478/foecol-2021-0010
Silvestro, D. & Michalak, I. (2012) raxmlGUI: a graphical front-end for RAxML. Organisms Diversity and Evolution 12: 335−337. https://doi.org/10.1007/s13127-011-0056-0 
Simpson, P. (1997) Are cabbage trees worth anything? Relating ecological and human values in the cabbage tree, tîkôuka. The Journal of New Zealand Studies 7 (1): 14−21. https://doi.org/10.26686/jnzs.v7i1.395
Sivanesan, A. & Hsieh, W.H. (1989) New species and new records of ascomycetes from Taiwan. Mycological Research 93: 340–351. https://doi.org/10.1016/S0953-7562(89)80161-3
Species Fungorum (2022) Available from: http://www.speciesfungorum.org/Names/Names.asp (Accessed 14 January 2022)
Stamatakis, A. & Alachiotis, N. (2010) Time and memory efficient likelihood-based tree searches on phylogenomic alignments with missing data. Bioinformatics 26 (12): i132–i139. https://doi.org/10.1093/bioinformatics/btq205
Suwannarach, N., Sujarit, K., Kumla, J., Bussaban, B. & Lumyong, S. (2013) First report of leaf spot disease on oil palm caused by Pestaloptiopsis theae in Thailand. Journal of General Plant Pathology 79 (4): 277–279. https://doi.org/10.1007/s10327-013-0453-7
Tanaka, K., Hirayama, K., Yonezawa, H. & Sato, G. (2015) Revision of the Massarineae (Pleosporales, Dothideomycetes). Studies in Mycology 82: 75–36. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.simyco.2015.10.002
Taylor, J.E. & Hyde, K.D. (2003) Microfungi of tropical and temperate palms; Fungal Diversity Press, The University of Hong Kong: Hong Kong, 1–459. https://doi.org/10.1017/S0953756204249668
Tennakoon, D.S., Bhat, D.J., Chang-Hsin, K. & Hyde, K.D. (2019) Leaf litter saprobic Dictyosporiaceae (Pleosporales, Dothideomycetes): Pseudocoleophoma zingiberacearum sp. nov. from Hedychium coronarium. Kavaka 53: 1–67. https://doi.org/10.36460/Kavaka/53/2019/1-7
Tennakoon, D.S., Jeewon, R., Chang-Hsin, K. & Hyde, K.D. (2018) Phylogenetic and morphological characterization of Byssosphaeria macarangae sp. nov., and B. taiwanense sp. nov. from Macaranga tanarius. Phytotaxa 364 (3): 211–226. https://doi.org/10.11646/Phytotaxa.364.3.1
Than, P.P., Jeewon, R., Hyde, K.D., Pongsupasamit, S., Mongkolporn, O. & Taylor, P.W.J. (2008) Characterization and pathogenicity of Colletotrichum species associated with anthracnose on Chilli (Capsicum spp.) in Thailand. Plant Pathology 57: 562–572. https://doi.10.1111/j.1365-3059.2007.01782.x
Tian, Q., Liu, J.K., Hyde, K.D., Wanasinghe, D.N., Boonmee, S., Jayasiri, S.C., Luo, Z.L., Taylor, J.E., Phillips, A.J.L., Bhat, D.J., Li, W.J., Ariyawansa, H., Thambugala, K.M., Jones, E.B.G., Chomnunti, P., Bahkali, A.H., Xu, J.C. & Camporesi, E. (2015) Phylogenetic relationships and morphological reappraisal of Melanommataceae (Pleosporales). Fungal Diversity 74: 267–324. https://doi.org/10.1007/s13225-015-0350-9
Tibpromma, S., Hyde, K.D., McKenzie, E.H., Bhat, D.J., Phillips, A.J.L., Wanasinghe, D.N., Samarakoon, M.C., Jayawardena, R.S., Dissanayake, A.J., Tennakoon, D.S., Doilom, M., Phookamsak, R., Tang, A.M.C., Xu, J.C., Mortimer, P.E., Promputtha, I., Maharachchikumbura, S.S.N., Khan, S. & Karunarathna, S.C. (2018) Fungal diversity notes 840–928: micro-fungi associated with Pandanaceae. Fungal Diversity 93: 1–60. https://doi.org/10.1007/s13225-018-0408-6
Uchida, J.Y. (2004) Pestalotiopsis diseases. In Diseases and disorders of ornamental palms. St. Paul: American Phytopathological Society press. https://doi.org/10.1094/APSnetFeature-2004-0304
Vilgalys, R. & Hester, M. (1990) Rapid genetic identification and mapping of enzymatically amplified ribosomal DNA from several Cryptococcus species. Journal of Bacteriology 172: 4238–4246. https://doi.org/10.1128/jb.172.8.4238-4246.1990 
Wanasinghe, D.N., Jeewon, R., Jones, E.B.G., Boonmee, S., Kaewchai, S., Manawasinghe, I.S., Lumyong, S. & Hyde, K.D. (2018a) Novel palmicolous taxa within Pleosporales: multigene phylogeny and taxonomic circumscription. Mycological Progress 17: 571–590. https://doi.org/10.1007/s11557-018-1379-4 
Wanasinghe, D.N., Phukhamsakda, C., Hyde, K.D., Jeewon, R., Lee, H.B., Jones, E.B.G., Tibpromma, S., Tennakoon, D.S., Dissanayake, A.J., Jayasiri, S.C., Gafforov, Y., Camporesi, E., Bulgakov, T.S., Ekanayake, A.H., Perera, R.H., Samarakoon, M.C., Goonasekara, I.D., Mapook, A., Li, W.J., Senanayake, I.C., Li, J., Norphanphoun, C., Doilom, M., Bahkali, A.H., Xu, J.C., Mortimer, P.E., Tibell, L., Tibell, S. & Karunarathna, S.C. (2018b) Fungal diversity notes 709–838: taxonomic and phylogenetic contributions to fungal taxa with an emphasis on fungi on Rosaceae. Fungal Diversity 89: 1–236. https://doi.org/10.1007/s13225-018-0395-7
White, T.J., Bruns, T., Lee, S.J.W.T. & Taylor, J.W. (1990) Amplification and direct sequencing of fungal ribosomal RNA genes for phylogenetics. In: PCR protocols: a guide to methods and applications 18. pp. 315–322. https://doi.org/10.1016/B978-0-12-372180-8.50042-1
Wijayawardene, N.N., Hyde, K.D., Al-Ani, L.K.T., Tedersoo, L., Haelewaters, D., Rajeshkumar, K.C., Zhao, R.L., Aptroot, A., Leontyev, D.V., Saxena, R.K., Tokarev, Y.S., Dai, D.Q., Letcher, P.M., Ste-phenson, S.L., Ertz, D., Lumbsch, H.T., Kukwa, M., Issi, I.V., Madrid, H., Phillips, A.J.L., Selbmann, L., Pfliegler, W.P., Horváth, E., Bensch, K., Kirk, P.M., Kolaříková, K., Raja, H.A., Radek, R., Papp, V., Dima, B., Ma, J., Malosso, E., Takamatsu, S., Rambold, G., Gannibal, P.B., Triebel, D., Gautam, A.K., Avasthi, S., Suetrong, S., Timdal, E., Fryar, S.C., Delgado, G., Réblová, M., Doilom, M., Dolatabadi, S., Pawłowska, J., Humber, R.A., Kodsueb, R., Sánchez-Castro, I., Goto, B.T., Silva, D.K.A., de Souza, F.A., Oehl, F., da Silva, G.A., Silva, I.R., Błaszkowski, J., Jobim, K., Maia, L.C., Barbosa, F.R., Fiuza, P.O., Divakar, P.K., Shenoy, B.D., Castañeda-Ruiz, R.F., Somrithipol, S., Lateef, A.A., Karunarathna, S.C., Tibpromma, S., Mortimer, P.E., Wanasinghe, D.N., Phookamsak, R., Xu, J., Wang, Y., Tian, F., Alva-rado, P., Li, D.W., Kušan, I., Matočec, N., Maharachchikumbura, S.S.N., Papizadeh, M., Heredia, G., Wartchow, F., Bakhshi, M., Boehm, E., Youssef, N., Hustad, V.P., Lawrey, J.D., Santiago, A.L.C.M.A., Bezerra, J.D.P., Souza-Motta, C.M., Firmino, A.L., Tian, Q., Houbraken, J., Hongsanan, S., Tanaka, K., Dissanayake, A.J., Monteiro, J.S., Grossart, H.P., Suija, A., Weerakoon, G.., Etayo, J., Tsurykau, A., Vázquez, V., Mungai, P., Damm, U., Li, Q.R., Zhang, H., Boonmee, S., Lu, Y.Z., Becerra, A.G., Ken-drick, B., Brearley, F.Q., Motiejűnaitë, J., Sharma, B., Khare, R., Gaikwad, S., Wijesundara, D.S.A., Tang, L.Z., He, M.Q., Flakus, A., Rodriguez-Flakus, P., Zhurbenko, M.P., McKenzie, E.H.C., Stadler, M., Bhat, D.J., Liu, J.K., Raza, M., Jeewon, R., Nassonova, E.S., Prieto, M., Jayalal, R.G.U., Erdoðdu, M., Yurkov, A., Schnittler, M., Shchepin, O.N., Novozhilov, Y.K., Silva-Filho, A.G.S., Liu, P., Cav-ender, J.C., Kang, Y., Mohammad, S., Zhang, L.F., Xu, R.F., Li, Y.M., Dayarathne, M.C., Ekanayaka, A.H., Wen, T.C., Deng, C.Y., Pereira, O.L., Navathe, S., Hawksworth, D.L., Fan, X.L., Dissanayake, L.S., Kuhnert, E., Grossart, H.P. & Thines, M. (2020) Outline of Fungi and fungus-like taxa. Mycosphere 11 (1): 1060–1456. https://doi.org/10.5943/mycosphere/11/1/8
Wijayawardene, N.N., Hyde, K.D., Dai, D.Q., Sánchez-García, M., Goto, B.T., Saxena, R.K., Erdoðdu, M., Selçuk, F., Rajeshkumar, K.C, Aptroot, A., Błaszkowski, J., Boonyuen, N., da Silva, G.A., de Souza, F.A., Dong, W., Ertz, D., Haelewaters, D., Jones, E.B.G., Karunarathna, S.C., Kirk, P.M., Kukwa, M., Kumla, J., Leontyev, D.V., Lumbsch, H.T., Maharachchikumbura, S.S.N., Marguno, F., Martínez-Rodríguez, P., Mešić, A., Monteiro, J.S., Oehl, F., Pawłowska, J., Pem, D., Pfliegler, W.P., Phillips, A.J.L., Pošta, A., He, M.Q., Li, J.X., Raza, M., Sruthi, O.P., Suetrong, S., Suwannarach, N., Tedersoo, L., Thiyagaraja, V., Tibpromma, S., Tkalčec, Z., Tokarev, Y.S., Wanasinghe, D.N., Wijesundara, D.S.A., Wimalaseana, S.D.M.K., Madrid, H., Zhang, G.Q., Gao, Y., Sánchez-Castro, I., Tang, L.Z., Stadler, M., Yurkov, A. & Thines, M. (2022) Outline of fungi and fungus-like taxa – 2021. Mycosphere 13 (1): 53–453. https://doi.org/10.5943/mycosphere/13/1/2
Yamamoto, S. (2016) Ethnic fermented foods and beverages of Cambodia. In: Tamang, J.P. (ed.) Ethnic fermented foods and alcoholic beverages of Asia. Springer India, 237–262. https://doi.org/10.1007/978-81-322-2800-4_10
Yanna, W.H.Ho. & Hyde, K.D. (2002) Two new species of Spadicoides from Brunei and Hong Kong. Mycologia 94: 302–306. https://doi.org/10.1080/15572536.2003.11833237
Yu, X.D., Zhang, S.N., Cheewangkoon, R. & Liu, J.K. (2021) Additions to Occultibambusaceae (Pleosporales, Dothideomycetes): Unrevealing palmicolous fungi in China. Diversity 13: 516. https://doi.org/10.3390/d13110516
Zhang, S.N., Hyde, K.D., Jones, E.B.G., Jeewon, R., Cheewangkoon, R. & Liu, J.K. (2019) Striatiguttulaceae, a new pleosporalean family to accommodate Longicorpus and Striatiguttula gen. nov. from palms. MycoKeys 49: 99–129. https://doi.org/10.3897/mycokeys.49.30886
Zhang, Y., Crous, P.W., Schoch, C.L. & Hyde, K.D. (2012) Pleosporales. Fungal Diversity 52: 1–225. https://doi.org/10.1007/s13225-011-0117-x