Abstract
The taxonomy and nomenclature applicable to Kalanchoe [subg. Kalanchoe] sect. Raveta (Crassulaceae subfam. Kalanchooideae), at present a group comprised of seven southern and south-tropical African species, are reviewed. At species rank, special reference is made to the names K. aleurodes, K. albiflora, and K. wildii, with the first two names commonly included in the synonymy of K. luciae, and the third one in use for material from Zimbabwe. It is shown that the name K. aleurodes is very likely the earliest name applied to material today widely known as K. wildii. However, use of the name K. aleurodes for the little-known K. wildii is not suggested here, as the name K. aleurodes has been proposed for rejection under Article 56A.1 of the International Code of Nomenclature for algae, fungi, and plants. All the kalanchoes with large, obovate to round (soup plate-shaped and -sized) leaves and dense-flowered, club-shaped inflorescences are here included in K. sect. Raveta (in K. subg. Kalanchoe) with this long-overlooked sectional name used in the stead of K. subg. Fernandesiae. A key is provided to the species included in K. sect. Raveta.
References
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<p align="justify"><span style="color: #000000;"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, serif;"><span style="font-size: small;">Smith, G.F. (2020a) Kalanchoe Adans. subg. Fernandesiae Gideon F.Sm. (Crassulaceae subfam. Kalanchooideae), a new subgenus from southern and south-tropical Africa. Haseltonia 27: 2–7. https://doi.org/10.2985/026.027.0101</span></span></span>
<p align="justify"><span style="color: #000000;"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, serif;"><span style="font-size: small;">Smith, G.F. (2020b) Plant smart. The big easy. Gardening with Kalanchoe. Veld & Flora 106 (3): 40–43.</span></span></span>
<p align="justify"><span style="color: #000000;"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, serif;"><span style="font-size: small;">Smith, G.F. (2020c) The kalanchoes (Crassulaceae subfam. Kalanchooideae) of Raymond-Hamet (1890–1972). Bradleya 38: 120–140. https://doi.org/10.25223/brad.n38.2020.a15</span></span></span>
<p align="justify"><span style="color: #000000;"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, serif;"><span style="font-size: small;">Smith, G.F. (2020d) Typification of the infrageneric names published in Kalanchoe (Crassulaceae subfam. Kalanchooideae) by Alwin Berger. Phytotaxa 453 (1): 52–54. https://doi.org/10.11646/phytotaxa.453.1.6</span></span></span>
<p align="justify"><span style="color: #000000;"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, serif;"><span style="font-size: small;">Smith, G.F. (2020e) Kalanchoe ×estrelae (Crassulaceae subfam. Kalanchooideae): a new nothospecies for the hybrid between K. luciae and K. sexangularis. Phytotaxa 441 (2): 225–228. https://doi.org/10.11646/phytotaxa.441.2.11</span></span></span>
<p align="justify"><span style="color: #000000;"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, serif;"><span style="font-size: small;">Smith, G.F. (2020f) Character inheritance in Kalanchoe ‘Vivien’ Bischofberger (Crassulaceae subfam. Kalanchooideae), a cultivar derived from an interspecific hybrid between two southern African species (K. luciae Raym.-Hamet × K. sexangularis N.E.Br.). Bradleya 38: 3–13. https://doi.org/10.25223/brad.n38.2020.a1</span></span></span>
<p align="justify"><span style="color: #000000;"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, serif;"><span style="font-size: small;">Smith, G.F. (2020g) Zwei Neuzugänge im Kalanchoe-Gartenbau: K. ×estrelae and K. ×gunniae. / Two recent additions to Kalanchoe horticulture: K. ×estrelae and K. ×gunniae. Avonia 38 (4): 322–327.</span></span></span>
<p align="justify"><span style="color: #000000;"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, serif;"><span style="font-size: small;">Smith, G.F. (2021a) Reinstatement of Kalanchoe [subg. Bryophyllum] sect. Alatae (Crassulaceae subfam. Kalanchooideae) for K. porphyrocalyx and K. uniflora, two Madagascan endemics. Bradleya 39: 177–181. https://doi.org/10.25223/brad.n39.2021.a17</span></span></span>
<p align="justify"><span style="color: #000000;"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, serif;"><span style="font-size: small;">Smith, G.F. (2021b) Meet the kalanchoe people. New South African kalanchoe hybrids have been named in honour of key figures in our botany and horticulture. Veld & Flora 107 (2): 40–43.</span></span></span>
<p align="justify"><span style="color: #000000;"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, serif;"><span style="font-size: small;">Smith, G.F. (2021c) Kalanchoe ×leistneri (K. sexangularis × K. winteri) (Crassulaceae subfam. Kalanchooideae), a new southern African nothospecies. Phytotaxa 509 (2): 248–254. https://doi.org/10.11646/phytotaxa.509.2.8</span></span></span>
<p align="justify"><span style="color: #000000;"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, serif;"><span style="font-size: small;">Smith, G.F. (2022a) Notes on Kalanchoe subg. Bryophyllum (Crassulaceae subfam. Kalanchooideae) and the kalanchoes of Sijfert H. Koorders (1919). Phytotaxa 549 (1): 87–96. https://doi.org/10.11646/phytotaxa.549.1.7</span></span></span>
<p align="justify"><span style="color: #000000;"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, serif;"><span style="font-size: small;">Smith, G.F. (2022b) Kalanchoe sect. Raveta (Crassulaceae subfam. Kalanchooideae) of Raymond-Hamet (1916): a long-overlooked name in K. subg. Kalanchoe. Phytotaxa 550 (2): 208–212. https://doi.org/10.11646/phytotaxa.550.2.10</span></span></span>
<p align="justify"><span style="color: #000000;"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, serif;"><span style="font-size: small;">Smith, G.F. & Crouch, N.R. (2021) Kalanchoe benbothae (K. subg. Fernandesiae; Crassulaceae subfam. Kalanchooideae), a new southern African species endemic to KwaZulu-Natal in the Maputaland-Pondoland Region of Endemism. Phytotaxa 521 (2): 105–112. https://doi.org/10.11646/phytotaxa.521.2.4</span></span></span>
<p align="justify"><span style="color: #000000;"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, serif;"><span style="font-size: small;">Smith, G.F., Crouch, N.R. & Figueiredo, E. (2016) Reinstatement of Kalanchoe montana Compton (Crassulaceae), a distinctive species from the Barberton Center of Endemism, eastern southern Africa. Haseltonia 22: 64–72. https://doi.org/10.2985/026.022.0112</span></span></span>
<p align="justify"><span style="color: #000000;"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, serif;"><span style="font-size: small;">Smith, G.F., Crouch, N.R. & Figueiredo, E. (2021c) Kalanchoe crouchii. Crassulaceae subfam. Kalanchooideae. Mpumalanga, South Africa. Flowering Plants of Africa 67: 60–68, plate 2366. https://doi.org/10.25223/brad.n39.2021.a16</span></span></span>
<p align="justify"><span style="color: #000000;"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, serif;"><span style="font-size: small;">Smith, G.F. & Figueiredo, E. (2018a) The infrageneric classification and nomenclature of Kalanchoe Adans. (Crassulaceae), with special reference to the southern African species. Bradleya 36: 162–172. https://doi.org/10.25223/brad.n36.2018.a10</span></span></span>
<p align="justify"><span style="color: #000000;"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, serif;"><span style="font-size: small;">Smith, G.F. & Figueiredo, E. (2018b) Kalanchoe crouchii Gideon F.Sm. & Figueiredo (Crassulaceae), a new species from the dolomites of the Wolkberg Centre of Endemism, Mpumalanga Province, South Africa. Haseltonia 25: 84–90. https://doi.org/10.2985/026.025.0107</span></span></span>
<p align="justify"><span style="color: #000000;"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, serif;"><span style="font-size: small;">Smith, G.F. & Figueiredo, E. (2021a) (2852) Proposal to reject the name Kalanchoe aleurodes (Crassulaceae: Kalanchooideae). Taxon 70 (6): 1371–1372. https://doi.org/10.1002/tax.12632</span></span></span>
<p align="justify"><span style="color: #000000;"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, serif;"><span style="font-size: small;">Smith, G.F. & Figueiredo, E. (2021b) Kalanchoe pumila. Crassulaceae: Kalanchooideae. Madagascar. Flowering Plants of Africa 67: 92–102, plate 2369. https://doi.org/10.25223/brad.n39.2021.a22</span></span></span>
<p align="justify"><span style="color: #000000;"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, serif;"><span style="font-size: small;">Smith, G.F. & Figueiredo, E. (2021c) The floristics and phytogeography of Kalanchoe Adans. (Crassulaceae subfam. Kalanchooideae) in the Waterberg Biosphere Reserve, northern South Africa. Bradleya 39: 207–220. https://doi.org/10.25223/brad.n39.2021.a22</span></span></span>
<p align="justify"><span style="color: #000000;"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, serif;"><span style="font-size: small;">Smith, G.F. & Figueiredo, E. (2022a) Lectotypification of the name Kalanchoe wildii (Crassulaceae subfam. Kalanchooideae). Phytotaxa 538 (2): 157–162. https://doi.org/10.11646/phytotaxa.538.2.8</span></span></span>
<p align="justify"><span style="color: #000000;"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, serif;"><span style="font-size: small;">Smith, G.F. & Figueiredo, E. (2022b) Clarifying the typification of the name Kalanchoe orgyalis (Crassulaceae subfam. Kalanchooideae). Phytotaxa 543 (1): 99–102. https://doi.org/10.11646/phytotaxa.543.1.11</span></span></span>
<p align="justify"><span style="color: #000000;"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, serif;"><span style="font-size: small;">Smith, G.F. & Figueiredo, E. (2022c) Nomenclatural and taxonomic notes on the names published in Kalanchoe (Crassulaceae subfam. Kalanchooideae) by Drake del Castillo in 1903. Phytotaxa 547 (2): 158–166. https://doi.org/10.11646/phytotaxa.547.2.3</span></span></span>
<p align="justify"><span style="color: #000000;"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, serif;"><span style="font-size: small;">Smith, G.F. & Figueiredo, E. (2023a) Kalanchoe luciae. Crassulaceae subfam. Kalanchooideae. Southern and south-tropical Africa (South Africa, Eswatini, Mozambique, Zimbabwe). Flowering Plants of Africa 68. [In press]</span></span></span>
<p align="justify"><span style="color: #000000;"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, serif;"><span style="font-size: small;">Smith, G.F. & Figueiredo, E. (2023b) Kalanchoe orgyalis. Crassulaceae subfam. Kalanchooideae. Madagascar. Flowering Plants of Africa 68. [In press]</span></span></span>
<p align="justify"><span style="color: #000000;"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, serif;"><span style="font-size: small;">Smith, G.F., Figueiredo, E. & Crouch, N.R. (2019a) Kalanchoe winteri. Crassulaceae. South Africa. Flowering Plants of Africa 66: 62–69, plate 2348. https://doi.org/10.25223/brad.n37.2019.a9</span></span></span>
<p align="justify"><span style="color: #000000;"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, serif;"><span style="font-size: small;">Smith, G.F., Figueiredo, E. & Van Wyk, A.E. (2019b) Kalanchoe (Crassulaceae) in southern Africa. Classification, biology, and cultivation. Academic Press, an imprint of Elsevier, London, San Diego, Cambridge (USA), and Oxford, 328 pp. https://doi.org/10.1016/B978-0-12-814007-9.00003-7</span></span></span>
<p align="justify"><span style="color: #000000;"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, serif;"><span style="font-size: small;">Smith, G.F. & Hahn, N. (2019) Kalanchoe crundallii I.Verd. (Crassulaceae), the chameleon kalanchoe, a little-known South African endemic from the Soutpansberg, Limpopo Province, with notes on its conservation status. Bradleya 37: 112–117. https://doi.org/10.25223/brad.n37.2019.a5</span></span></span>
<p align="justify"><span style="color: #000000;"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, serif;"><span style="font-size: small;">Smith, G.F. & Hankey, A. (2021) Kalanchoe ×forbesiae (Crassulaceae subfam. Kalanchooideae) derived from K. lubangensis × K. sexangularis: towards improved horticultural material. Phytotaxa 528 (5): 290–300. https://doi.org/10.11646/phytotaxa.528.5.3</span></span></span>
<p align="justify"><span style="color: #000000;"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, serif;"><span style="font-size: small;">Smith, G.F., Klein, D.-P. & Shtein, R. (2021b) A revision of the Malagasy Kalanchoe subg. Kitchingia (Crassulaceae subfam. Kalanchooideae): history, taxonomy, and nomenclature. Phytotaxa 507 (1): 67–80. https://doi.org/10.11646/phytotaxa.507.1.3</span></span></span>
<p align="justify"><span style="color: #000000;"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, serif;"><span style="font-size: small;">Smith, G.F. & Monro, A.M. (2022a) The nomenclature and taxonomy of Crassulaceae subfam. Kalanchooideae resolved. Phytotaxa 555 (3): 241–251. https://doi.org/10.11646/phytotaxa.555.3.3</span></span></span>
<p align="justify"><span style="color: #000000;"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, serif;"><span style="font-size: small;">Smith, G.F. & Monro, A.M. (2022b) (2908) Proposal to reject the name Crassulaceae subfam. Cotyledonoideae (Crassulaceae). Taxon 71 (4): 910–911. https://doi.org/10.1002/tax.12778</span></span></span>
<p align="justify"><span style="color: #000000;"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, serif;"><span style="font-size: small;">Smith, G.F., Shtein, R. & Klein, D.-P. (2021a) Kalanchoe subg. Alatae (Crassulaceae subfam. Kalanchooideae), a new rank for K. sect. Alatae. Phytotaxa 509 (2): 255–258. https://doi.org/10.11646/phytotaxa.509.2.9</span></span></span>
<p align="justify"><span style="color: #000000;"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, serif;"><span style="font-size: small;">Stearn, W.T. (1931a [15 June]) Notes from the University Herbarium, Cambridge. I. A new Rhodesian Kalanchoe. The Journal of Botany, British and Foreign LXIX [69]: 164–165.</span></span></span>
<p align="justify"><span style="color: #000000;"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, serif;"><span style="font-size: small;">Stearn, W.T. (1931b) Plants new or noteworthy. Kalanchoe aleurodes. Gardeners’ Chronicle[: a weekly illustrated journal of horticulture and allied subjects] 3rd ser., LXXXIX [89]: 464 [fig. 239], 475.</span></span></span>
<p align="justify"><span style="color: #000000;"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, serif;"><span style="font-size: small;">Suessenguth, K. & Merxmueller, H. (1951 ) A contribution to the flora of the Marandellas District, Southern Rhodesia, being an elaboration of the Dehn Collection, with an introduction on the geography and general vegetation of the area, by H. Wild. Transactions of the Rhodesia Scientific Association XLIII [43]: 75–160.</span></span></span>
<p align="justify"><span style="color: #000000;"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, serif;"><span style="font-size: small;">Thiers, B. (2022) [continuously updated] Index herbariorum: a global directory of public herbaria and associated staff. New York Botanical Garden’s Virtual Herbarium. Available from: http://sweetgum.nybg.org/ih/ (accessed 2022).</span></span></span>
<p align="justify"><span style="color: #000000;"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, serif;"><span style="font-size: small;">Tölken, H.R. (1978) Two new species and a new combination in the genus Kalanchoe. Journal of South African Botany 44: 89–91. Available from: https://archive.org/stream/journalofsouthaf44unse#page/90/mode/2up (accessed 6 October 2022)</span></span></span>
<p align="justify"><span style="color: #000000;"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, serif;"><span style="font-size: small;">Tölken, H.R. (1985) Crassulaceae. 3166, 4. Kalanchoe. 3166a, 5. Bryophyllum. In: O.A. Leistner (ed.) Flora of Southern Africa 14. Botanical Research Institute, Department of Agriculture and Water Supply, place of publication not stated, likely Pretoria, pp. 61–74.</span></span></span>
<p align="justify"><span style="color: #000000;"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, serif;"><span style="font-size: small;">Turland, N.J., Wiersema, J.H., Barrie, F.R., Greuter, W., Hawksworth, D.L., Herendeen, P.S., Knapp, S., Kusber, W.-H., Li, D.-Z., Marhold, K., May, T.W., McNeill, J., Monro, A.M., Prado, J., Price, M.J. & Smith, G.F. (2018) International Code of Nomenclature for algae, fungi, and plants (Shenzhen Code) adopted by the Nineteenth International Botanical Congress Shenzhen, China, July 2017. Koeltz Botanical Books, Glashütten. [Regnum Vegetabile 159], 254 pp. https://doi.org/10.12705/Code.2018</span></span></span>
<p align="justify"><span style="color: #000000;"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, serif;"><span style="font-size: small;">Tutin, F. (1931 [4 July]) Kalanchoe aleurodes. Gardeners’ Chronicle[: a weekly illustrated journal of horticulture and allied subjects] 3<sup>rd</sup> ser., XC [90]: 9.</span></span></span>
<p align="justify"><span style="color: #000000;"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, serif;"><span style="font-size: small;">Uhl, C.H. (1948 ) Cytotaxonomic studies in the subfamilies Crassuloideae, Kalanchoideae [sic, Kalanchooideae], and Cotyledonoideae of the Crassulaceae. American Journal of Botany 35 (10): 695–706. https://doi.org/10.2307/2438149</span></span></span>
<p align="justify"><span style="color: #000000;"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, serif;"><span style="font-size: small;">Verdoorn, I.C. (1946) Kalanchoe crundallii. Transvaal. Crassulaceae. The Flowering Plants of Africa 25: t. 967. Available from: https://archive.org/details/floweringplantso25unse/page/n39/mode/2up (accessed 6 October 2022)</span></span></span>
<p align="justify"><span style="color: #000000;"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, serif;"><span style="font-size: small;">Baker, J.G. (1881 [21 February]) Notes on a collection of flowering plants made by L. Kitching, Esq., in Madagascar in 1879 (Plates VII. & VIII.). Journal of the Linnean Society, Botany 18: 264–281. https://doi.org/10.1111/j.1095-8339.1881.tb01257.x</span></span></span>
<p align="justify"><span style="color: #000000;"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, serif;"><span style="font-size: small;">Baker, J.G. (1882) Contributions to the flora of central Madagascar (continued from p. 70 and to be continued). Journal of Botany, British and Foreign. London 20: 109–114.Available from: https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/35873#page/125/mode/1up (accessed 6 October 2022)</span></span></span>
<p align="justify"><span style="color: #000000;"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, serif;"><span style="font-size: small;">Berger, A. (1903) Kalanchoe elizae sp. nov. Monatsschrift für Kakteenkunde (Berlin) 1903: 69–70. [https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/page/14068116#page/79/mode/1up]</span></span></span>
<p align="justify"><span style="color: #000000;"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, serif;"><span style="font-size: small;">Berger, A. (1930 [Mai]) Crassulaceae. Unterfam. II. Kalanchoideae [sic, Kalanchooideae]. 6. Kalanchoe Adanson. 7. Kitchingia Baker. 8. Bryophyllum Salisb. In: Engler, A. & Prantl, K. (eds.) Die natürlichen Pflanzenfamilien, ed. 2, 18a. Verlag von Wilhelm Engelmann, Leipzig, pp. 402–412.</span></span></span>
<p align="justify"><span style="color: #000000;"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, serif;"><span style="font-size: small;">Braun, K.P., Dlamini, S.D., Mdlala, D.R., Methule, N.P., Dlamini, P.W. & Dlamini, M.S. (Comp.) (2004) Swaziland flora checklist. Swaziland National Herbarium & National Botanical Institute, South Africa. Southern African Botanical Diversity Network Report No. 27. Southern African Botanical Diversity Network (SABONET), Pretoria, i–x, 113 pp.</span></span></span>
<p align="justify"><span style="color: #000000;"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, serif;"><span style="font-size: small;">Brown, N.E. (1913) 1436. Kalanchoe sexangularis, N. E. Brown [Crassulaceae]. In: Diagnoses Africanae LIII. Bulletin of Miscellaneous Information, Kew 1913 (3): 118–123. https://doi.org/10.2307/4115096</span></span></span>
<p align="justify"><span style="color: #000000;"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, serif;"><span style="font-size: small;">Compton, R.H. (1967) Plantae novae Africanae. Series XXXII. Journal of South African Botany 33: 293–304.</span></span></span>
<p align="justify"><span style="color: #000000;"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, serif;"><span style="font-size: small;">Compton, R.H. (1976 [6 August]) The Flora of Swaziland. In: Rycroft, H.B. (ed.) Journal of South African Botany Supplementary Volume No. 11. Trustees of the National Botanic Gardens of South Africa, Kirstenbosch, Cape Town, 684 pp.</span></span></span>
<p align="justify"><span style="color: #000000;"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, serif;"><span style="font-size: small;">Crouch, N.R., Smith, G.F., Walters, M. & Figueiredo, E. (2016) Kalanchoe winteri Gideon F.Sm., N.R.Crouch & Mich.Walters (Crassulaceae), a new species from the Wolkberg Centre of Endemism, South Africa. Bradleya 34: 217–224. https://doi.org/10.25223/brad.n34.2016.a9</span></span></span>
<p align="justify"><span style="color: #000000;"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, serif;"><span style="font-size: small;">Descoings, B. (2003) Kalanchoe. In: U. Eggli (ed.) Illustrated handbook of succulent plants: Crassulaceae. Springer-Verlag, Berlin, pp. 143–181.</span></span></span>
<p align="justify"><span style="color: #000000;"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, serif;"><span style="font-size: small;">Fernandes, R.B. (1978) Crassulaceae africanae novae vel minus cognitae. Boletim da Sociedade Broteriana (sér. 2.<sup>a</sup>) 52: 165–220. https://doi.org/10.1080/01463377809369280</span></span></span>
<p align="justify"><span style="color: #000000;"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, serif;"><span style="font-size: small;">Fernandes, R.B. (1980) Notes sur quelques espèces du genre Kalanchoe Adans. Boletim da Sociedade Broteriana (sér. 2.<sup>a</sup>) LIII: 325–442.</span></span></span>
<p align="justify"><span style="color: #000000;"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, serif;"><span style="font-size: small;">Fernandes, R.[B.] (1983) 67. Crassulaceae. In: E. Launert (ed.) Flora zambesiaca 7 (1). Managing Committee on behalf of the contributors to Flora zambesiaca, London, pp. 3–71.</span></span></span>
<p align="justify"><span style="color: #000000;"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, serif;"><span style="font-size: small;">Ferreira, O.J.O. (2013) Diocleciano Fernandes das Neves (1829–1883): his residence in Mozambique and his visit to the Transvaal. Tormentoso, Gordon’s Bay & Jeffreys Bay, 139 pp.</span></span></span>
<p align="justify"><span style="color: #000000;"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, serif;"><span style="font-size: small;">Figueiredo, E. & Smith, G.F. (2021a) Women in the first three centuries of formal botany in southern Africa. Blumea 66 (3): 275–307. https://doi.org/10.3767/blumea.2021.66.03.10</span></span></span>
<p align="justify"><span style="color: #000000;"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, serif;"><span style="font-size: small;">Figueiredo, E. & Smith, G.F. (2021b) An overview of plant collecting in Angola from 1690 to 2000. Phytotaxa 523 (1): 32–54. https://doi.org/10.11646/phytotaxa.523.1.2</span></span></span>
<p align="justify"><span style="color: #000000;"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, serif;"><span style="font-size: small;">Forbes, H. (1941) Kalanchoe albiflora H. Forbes, sp. nov., pp. 37–39. In: Anonymous, Newly described species and new combinations. Bothalia 4: 37–41, + plate on p. 39. https://doi.org/10.4102/abc.v4i1.1709</span></span></span>
<p align="justify"><span style="color: #000000;"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, serif;"><span style="font-size: small;">Gunn, M.[D.] & Codd, L.E.[W.]. (1981) Botanical exploration of southern Africa. An illustrated history of early botanical literature on the Cape flora. Biographical accounts of the leading plant collectors and their activities in southern Africa from the days of the East India Company until modern times. A.A. Balkema, Cape Town, 400 pp.</span></span></span>
<p align="justify"><span style="color: #000000;"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, serif;"><span style="font-size: small;">Hamet, R. (1907) Monographie du genre Kalanchoe. Bulletin de l’Herbier Boissier, sér. 2, 7: 869–900. Available from: https://www biodiversitylibrary.org/item/105267#page/939/mode/1up (accessed 6 October 2022)</span></span></span>
<p align="justify"><span style="color: #000000;"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, serif;"><span style="font-size: small;">Hamet, R. (1908a) Kalanchoe luciae sp. nov. Bulletin de l’Herbier Boissier, sér. 2, 8: 254–257. Available from: https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/104945#page/290/mode/1up (accessed 6 October 2022)</span></span></span>
<p align="justify"><span style="color: #000000;"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, serif;"><span style="font-size: small;">Hamet, R. (1908b) Monographie du genre Kalanchoe (Suite et fin.). Bulletin de l’Herbier Boissier, sér. 2, 8: 17–48. Available from: https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/104945#page/31/mode/1up (accessed 6 October 2022)</span></span></span>
<p align="justify"><span style="color: #000000;"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, serif;"><span style="font-size: small;">Hamet, R. (1910 [Janvier]) Sur quelques Kalanchoe peu connus. Bulletin de la Société Botanique de France [Tome Cinquante-Septième], Quatrième serie—Tome X) Quatrième series 57: 18–24. https://doi.org/10.1080/00378941.1910.10832158</span></span></span>
<p align="justify"><span style="color: #000000;"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, serif;"><span style="font-size: small;">Harvey, W.H. (1862) Order LIII. Crassulaceae, D.C. VIII. Kalanchoe, Adans. In: W.H. Harvey & O.W. Sonder, Flora capensis [being a systematic description of the plants of the Cape Colony, Caffraria, & Port Natal], Vol. 2. L. Reeve & Co., Ltd, Kent, pp. 378–380.Available from: https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/15233#page/386/mode/1up (accessed 6 October 2022)</span></span></span>
<p align="justify"><span style="color: #000000;"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, serif;"><span style="font-size: small;">Hawksworth, D.L. (Comp.) (2010) Terms used in bionomenclature. The naming of organisms (and plant communities). Including terms used in botanical, cultivated plant, phylogenetic, phytosociological, prokaryote (bacteriological), virus, and zoological nomenclature. Global Biodiversity Information Facility, Copenhagen, 215 pp. Available from: https://books.google.com.au/books?id=Qky7_6-UcQQC&pg=PA68&lpg=PA68#v=onepage&q&f=false (accessed 6 October 2022)</span></span></span>
<p align="justify"><span style="color: #000000;"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, serif;"><span style="font-size: small;">IPNI. (2022) [continuously updated] The International Plant Names Index. Available from: https://www.ipni.org/ (accessed 2022).</span></span></span>
<p align="justify"><span style="color: #000000;"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, serif;"><span style="font-size: small;">Kemp, E.S. (1981 [June]) Additions and name changes for The Flora of Swaziland. The Swaziland National Trust Commission, place of publication not stated, 74 pp.</span></span></span>
<p align="justify"><span style="color: #000000;"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, serif;"><span style="font-size: small;">Kemp, E.[S.] (1983) A flora checklist for Swaziland. Occasional Paper No 2. The Swaziland National Trust Commission, Lobamba, 101 pp.</span></span></span>
<p align="justify"><span style="color: #000000;"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, serif;"><span style="font-size: small;">Koorders, S.H. (1919 [Mai] [24 October 1918]) Beitrag zur Kenntniss der Flora von Java No. 18. Beschreibung von Kalanchoë Schumacheri vom Idjen-Plateau und Revision der Crassulaceae von Java. (Mit 2 lithographischen Tafeln.). Bulletin du Jardin Botanique de Buitenzorg sér. 3, 1 (3): 169–180, Figures 14 and 15. Available from: https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/27173#page/205/mode/1up (text); https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/27173#page/243/mode/1up (figures) (accessed 6 October 2022)</span></span></span>
<p align="justify"><span style="color: #000000;"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, serif;"><span style="font-size: small;">Kuligowska, K., Lütken, H., Christensen, B., Skovgaard, I., Linde, M., Winkelmann, T. & Müller, R. (2015) Evaluation of reproductive barriers contributes to the development of novel interspecific hybrids in the Kalanchoë genus. BMC Plant Biology 15: a15 [15 pp]. https://doi.org/10.1186/s12870-014-0394-0</span></span></span>
<p align="justify"><span style="color: #000000;"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, serif;"><span style="font-size: small;">Linnaeus, C. (1753) Species plantarum, exhibentes plantas rite cognitas, ad generarelatas, cum differentiis specificis, nominibus trivialibus, synonymis selectis, locis natalibus, secundum systema sexuale digestas. Vol. 1. Salvius, Stockholm, 560 pp. https://doi.org/10.5962/bhl.title.669</span></span></span>
<p align="justify"><span style="color: #000000;"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, serif;"><span style="font-size: small;">Mapaura, A. & Timberlake, J. (eds.) (2004) A checklist of Zimbabwean vascular plants. Southern African Botanical Diversity Network Report No. 33. Southern African Botanical Diversity Network (SABONET), Pretoria and Harare, 148 pp.</span></span></span>
<p align="justify"><span style="color: #000000;"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, serif;"><span style="font-size: small;">Phillips, E.P. (1929 [July]) Kalanchoe thyrsiflora. Cape Province, Basutoland, Transvaal. Crassulaceae. In: Pole Evans, I.B. (ed.) The Flowering Plants of South Africa 9 (3): t. 341. Available from: https://archive.org/details/floweringplantso09unse/page/n89/mode/2up (accessed 6 October 2022)</span></span></span>
<p align="justify"><span style="color: #000000;"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, serif;"><span style="font-size: small;">Raymond-Hamet. (1916) Sur un groupe de transition reliant le genre Kalanchoe au genre Cotyledon. Revue Générale de Botanique, Paris XXVIII: 80–84. Available from: https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/45180#page/83/mode/1up (accessed 6 October 2022)</span></span></span>
<p align="justify"><span style="color: #000000;"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, serif;"><span style="font-size: small;">Raymond-Hamet. (1933) Observations sur le Kalanchoe uniflora (Stapf) Raymond-Hamet. Bulletin de la Société Botanique de France 80 (4): 542–548. https://doi.org/10.1080/00378941.1933.10833878</span></span></span>
<p align="justify"><span style="color: #000000;"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, serif;"><span style="font-size: small;">Raymond-Hamet. (1956) Crassulacearum icones selectae. Fascicle 2. Published by the author, Paris, plates 21–40.</span></span></span>
<p align="justify"><span style="color: #000000;"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, serif;"><span style="font-size: small;">Raymond-Hamet & Marnier-Lapostolle, J. (1964) Le genre Kalanchoe au Jardin Botanique “Les Cèdres”. Archives du Muséum National d’Histoire Naturelle Septième Série, Tome VIII: 1–110; Plates I–XXXVII. Available from: https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/280857#page/21/mode/1up (accessed 6 October 2022)</span></span></span>
<p align="justify"><span style="color: #000000;"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, serif;"><span style="font-size: small;">Salisbury, R.A. (1805 [1 June 1805]) The Paradisus Londinensis: or coloured figures of plants cultivated in the vicinity of the metropolis 1. Published by William Hooker, No. 6, Frith Street, city not stated, presumably London, 157 pp. & 117 plates. https://doi.org/10.5962/bhl.title.53520</span></span></span>
<p align="justify"><span style="color: #000000;"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, serif;"><span style="font-size: small;">Smith, G.F. (2020a) Kalanchoe Adans. subg. Fernandesiae Gideon F.Sm. (Crassulaceae subfam. Kalanchooideae), a new subgenus from southern and south-tropical Africa. Haseltonia 27: 2–7. https://doi.org/10.2985/026.027.0101</span></span></span>
<p align="justify"><span style="color: #000000;"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, serif;"><span style="font-size: small;">Smith, G.F. (2020b) Plant smart. The big easy. Gardening with Kalanchoe. Veld & Flora 106 (3): 40–43.</span></span></span>
<p align="justify"><span style="color: #000000;"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, serif;"><span style="font-size: small;">Smith, G.F. (2020c) The kalanchoes (Crassulaceae subfam. Kalanchooideae) of Raymond-Hamet (1890–1972). Bradleya 38: 120–140. https://doi.org/10.25223/brad.n38.2020.a15</span></span></span>
<p align="justify"><span style="color: #000000;"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, serif;"><span style="font-size: small;">Smith, G.F. (2020d) Typification of the infrageneric names published in Kalanchoe (Crassulaceae subfam. Kalanchooideae) by Alwin Berger. Phytotaxa 453 (1): 52–54. https://doi.org/10.11646/phytotaxa.453.1.6</span></span></span>
<p align="justify"><span style="color: #000000;"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, serif;"><span style="font-size: small;">Smith, G.F. (2020e) Kalanchoe ×estrelae (Crassulaceae subfam. Kalanchooideae): a new nothospecies for the hybrid between K. luciae and K. sexangularis. Phytotaxa 441 (2): 225–228. https://doi.org/10.11646/phytotaxa.441.2.11</span></span></span>
<p align="justify"><span style="color: #000000;"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, serif;"><span style="font-size: small;">Smith, G.F. (2020f) Character inheritance in Kalanchoe ‘Vivien’ Bischofberger (Crassulaceae subfam. Kalanchooideae), a cultivar derived from an interspecific hybrid between two southern African species (K. luciae Raym.-Hamet × K. sexangularis N.E.Br.). Bradleya 38: 3–13. https://doi.org/10.25223/brad.n38.2020.a1</span></span></span>
<p align="justify"><span style="color: #000000;"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, serif;"><span style="font-size: small;">Smith, G.F. (2020g) Zwei Neuzugänge im Kalanchoe-Gartenbau: K. ×estrelae and K. ×gunniae. / Two recent additions to Kalanchoe horticulture: K. ×estrelae and K. ×gunniae. Avonia 38 (4): 322–327.</span></span></span>
<p align="justify"><span style="color: #000000;"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, serif;"><span style="font-size: small;">Smith, G.F. (2021a) Reinstatement of Kalanchoe [subg. Bryophyllum] sect. Alatae (Crassulaceae subfam. Kalanchooideae) for K. porphyrocalyx and K. uniflora, two Madagascan endemics. Bradleya 39: 177–181. https://doi.org/10.25223/brad.n39.2021.a17</span></span></span>
<p align="justify"><span style="color: #000000;"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, serif;"><span style="font-size: small;">Smith, G.F. (2021b) Meet the kalanchoe people. New South African kalanchoe hybrids have been named in honour of key figures in our botany and horticulture. Veld & Flora 107 (2): 40–43.</span></span></span>
<p align="justify"><span style="color: #000000;"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, serif;"><span style="font-size: small;">Smith, G.F. (2021c) Kalanchoe ×leistneri (K. sexangularis × K. winteri) (Crassulaceae subfam. Kalanchooideae), a new southern African nothospecies. Phytotaxa 509 (2): 248–254. https://doi.org/10.11646/phytotaxa.509.2.8</span></span></span>
<p align="justify"><span style="color: #000000;"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, serif;"><span style="font-size: small;">Smith, G.F. (2022a) Notes on Kalanchoe subg. Bryophyllum (Crassulaceae subfam. Kalanchooideae) and the kalanchoes of Sijfert H. Koorders (1919). Phytotaxa 549 (1): 87–96. https://doi.org/10.11646/phytotaxa.549.1.7</span></span></span>
<p align="justify"><span style="color: #000000;"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, serif;"><span style="font-size: small;">Smith, G.F. (2022b) Kalanchoe sect. Raveta (Crassulaceae subfam. Kalanchooideae) of Raymond-Hamet (1916): a long-overlooked name in K. subg. Kalanchoe. Phytotaxa 550 (2): 208–212. https://doi.org/10.11646/phytotaxa.550.2.10</span></span></span>
<p align="justify"><span style="color: #000000;"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, serif;"><span style="font-size: small;">Smith, G.F. & Crouch, N.R. (2021) Kalanchoe benbothae (K. subg. Fernandesiae; Crassulaceae subfam. Kalanchooideae), a new southern African species endemic to KwaZulu-Natal in the Maputaland-Pondoland Region of Endemism. Phytotaxa 521 (2): 105–112. https://doi.org/10.11646/phytotaxa.521.2.4</span></span></span>
<p align="justify"><span style="color: #000000;"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, serif;"><span style="font-size: small;">Smith, G.F., Crouch, N.R. & Figueiredo, E. (2016) Reinstatement of Kalanchoe montana Compton (Crassulaceae), a distinctive species from the Barberton Center of Endemism, eastern southern Africa. Haseltonia 22: 64–72. https://doi.org/10.2985/026.022.0112</span></span></span>
<p align="justify"><span style="color: #000000;"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, serif;"><span style="font-size: small;">Smith, G.F., Crouch, N.R. & Figueiredo, E. (2021c) Kalanchoe crouchii. Crassulaceae subfam. Kalanchooideae. Mpumalanga, South Africa. Flowering Plants of Africa 67: 60–68, plate 2366. https://doi.org/10.25223/brad.n39.2021.a16</span></span></span>
<p align="justify"><span style="color: #000000;"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, serif;"><span style="font-size: small;">Smith, G.F. & Figueiredo, E. (2018a) The infrageneric classification and nomenclature of Kalanchoe Adans. (Crassulaceae), with special reference to the southern African species. Bradleya 36: 162–172. https://doi.org/10.25223/brad.n36.2018.a10</span></span></span>
<p align="justify"><span style="color: #000000;"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, serif;"><span style="font-size: small;">Smith, G.F. & Figueiredo, E. (2018b) Kalanchoe crouchii Gideon F.Sm. & Figueiredo (Crassulaceae), a new species from the dolomites of the Wolkberg Centre of Endemism, Mpumalanga Province, South Africa. Haseltonia 25: 84–90. https://doi.org/10.2985/026.025.0107</span></span></span>
<p align="justify"><span style="color: #000000;"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, serif;"><span style="font-size: small;">Smith, G.F. & Figueiredo, E. (2021a) (2852) Proposal to reject the name Kalanchoe aleurodes (Crassulaceae: Kalanchooideae). Taxon 70 (6): 1371–1372. https://doi.org/10.1002/tax.12632</span></span></span>
<p align="justify"><span style="color: #000000;"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, serif;"><span style="font-size: small;">Smith, G.F. & Figueiredo, E. (2021b) Kalanchoe pumila. Crassulaceae: Kalanchooideae. Madagascar. Flowering Plants of Africa 67: 92–102, plate 2369. https://doi.org/10.25223/brad.n39.2021.a22</span></span></span>
<p align="justify"><span style="color: #000000;"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, serif;"><span style="font-size: small;">Smith, G.F. & Figueiredo, E. (2021c) The floristics and phytogeography of Kalanchoe Adans. (Crassulaceae subfam. Kalanchooideae) in the Waterberg Biosphere Reserve, northern South Africa. Bradleya 39: 207–220. https://doi.org/10.25223/brad.n39.2021.a22</span></span></span>
<p align="justify"><span style="color: #000000;"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, serif;"><span style="font-size: small;">Smith, G.F. & Figueiredo, E. (2022a) Lectotypification of the name Kalanchoe wildii (Crassulaceae subfam. Kalanchooideae). Phytotaxa 538 (2): 157–162. https://doi.org/10.11646/phytotaxa.538.2.8</span></span></span>
<p align="justify"><span style="color: #000000;"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, serif;"><span style="font-size: small;">Smith, G.F. & Figueiredo, E. (2022b) Clarifying the typification of the name Kalanchoe orgyalis (Crassulaceae subfam. Kalanchooideae). Phytotaxa 543 (1): 99–102. https://doi.org/10.11646/phytotaxa.543.1.11</span></span></span>
<p align="justify"><span style="color: #000000;"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, serif;"><span style="font-size: small;">Smith, G.F. & Figueiredo, E. (2022c) Nomenclatural and taxonomic notes on the names published in Kalanchoe (Crassulaceae subfam. Kalanchooideae) by Drake del Castillo in 1903. Phytotaxa 547 (2): 158–166. https://doi.org/10.11646/phytotaxa.547.2.3</span></span></span>
<p align="justify"><span style="color: #000000;"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, serif;"><span style="font-size: small;">Smith, G.F. & Figueiredo, E. (2023a) Kalanchoe luciae. Crassulaceae subfam. Kalanchooideae. Southern and south-tropical Africa (South Africa, Eswatini, Mozambique, Zimbabwe). Flowering Plants of Africa 68. [In press]</span></span></span>
<p align="justify"><span style="color: #000000;"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, serif;"><span style="font-size: small;">Smith, G.F. & Figueiredo, E. (2023b) Kalanchoe orgyalis. Crassulaceae subfam. Kalanchooideae. Madagascar. Flowering Plants of Africa 68. [In press]</span></span></span>
<p align="justify"><span style="color: #000000;"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, serif;"><span style="font-size: small;">Smith, G.F., Figueiredo, E. & Crouch, N.R. (2019a) Kalanchoe winteri. Crassulaceae. South Africa. Flowering Plants of Africa 66: 62–69, plate 2348. https://doi.org/10.25223/brad.n37.2019.a9</span></span></span>
<p align="justify"><span style="color: #000000;"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, serif;"><span style="font-size: small;">Smith, G.F., Figueiredo, E. & Van Wyk, A.E. (2019b) Kalanchoe (Crassulaceae) in southern Africa. Classification, biology, and cultivation. Academic Press, an imprint of Elsevier, London, San Diego, Cambridge (USA), and Oxford, 328 pp. https://doi.org/10.1016/B978-0-12-814007-9.00003-7</span></span></span>
<p align="justify"><span style="color: #000000;"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, serif;"><span style="font-size: small;">Smith, G.F. & Hahn, N. (2019) Kalanchoe crundallii I.Verd. (Crassulaceae), the chameleon kalanchoe, a little-known South African endemic from the Soutpansberg, Limpopo Province, with notes on its conservation status. Bradleya 37: 112–117. https://doi.org/10.25223/brad.n37.2019.a5</span></span></span>
<p align="justify"><span style="color: #000000;"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, serif;"><span style="font-size: small;">Smith, G.F. & Hankey, A. (2021) Kalanchoe ×forbesiae (Crassulaceae subfam. Kalanchooideae) derived from K. lubangensis × K. sexangularis: towards improved horticultural material. Phytotaxa 528 (5): 290–300. https://doi.org/10.11646/phytotaxa.528.5.3</span></span></span>
<p align="justify"><span style="color: #000000;"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, serif;"><span style="font-size: small;">Smith, G.F., Klein, D.-P. & Shtein, R. (2021b) A revision of the Malagasy Kalanchoe subg. Kitchingia (Crassulaceae subfam. Kalanchooideae): history, taxonomy, and nomenclature. Phytotaxa 507 (1): 67–80. https://doi.org/10.11646/phytotaxa.507.1.3</span></span></span>
<p align="justify"><span style="color: #000000;"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, serif;"><span style="font-size: small;">Smith, G.F. & Monro, A.M. (2022a) The nomenclature and taxonomy of Crassulaceae subfam. Kalanchooideae resolved. Phytotaxa 555 (3): 241–251. https://doi.org/10.11646/phytotaxa.555.3.3</span></span></span>
<p align="justify"><span style="color: #000000;"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, serif;"><span style="font-size: small;">Smith, G.F. & Monro, A.M. (2022b) (2908) Proposal to reject the name Crassulaceae subfam. Cotyledonoideae (Crassulaceae). Taxon 71 (4): 910–911. https://doi.org/10.1002/tax.12778</span></span></span>
<p align="justify"><span style="color: #000000;"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, serif;"><span style="font-size: small;">Smith, G.F., Shtein, R. & Klein, D.-P. (2021a) Kalanchoe subg. Alatae (Crassulaceae subfam. Kalanchooideae), a new rank for K. sect. Alatae. Phytotaxa 509 (2): 255–258. https://doi.org/10.11646/phytotaxa.509.2.9</span></span></span>
<p align="justify"><span style="color: #000000;"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, serif;"><span style="font-size: small;">Stearn, W.T. (1931a [15 June]) Notes from the University Herbarium, Cambridge. I. A new Rhodesian Kalanchoe. The Journal of Botany, British and Foreign LXIX [69]: 164–165.</span></span></span>
<p align="justify"><span style="color: #000000;"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, serif;"><span style="font-size: small;">Stearn, W.T. (1931b) Plants new or noteworthy. Kalanchoe aleurodes. Gardeners’ Chronicle[: a weekly illustrated journal of horticulture and allied subjects] 3rd ser., LXXXIX [89]: 464 [fig. 239], 475.</span></span></span>
<p align="justify"><span style="color: #000000;"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, serif;"><span style="font-size: small;">Suessenguth, K. & Merxmueller, H. (1951 ) A contribution to the flora of the Marandellas District, Southern Rhodesia, being an elaboration of the Dehn Collection, with an introduction on the geography and general vegetation of the area, by H. Wild. Transactions of the Rhodesia Scientific Association XLIII [43]: 75–160.</span></span></span>
<p align="justify"><span style="color: #000000;"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, serif;"><span style="font-size: small;">Thiers, B. (2022) [continuously updated] Index herbariorum: a global directory of public herbaria and associated staff. New York Botanical Garden’s Virtual Herbarium. Available from: http://sweetgum.nybg.org/ih/ (accessed 2022).</span></span></span>
<p align="justify"><span style="color: #000000;"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, serif;"><span style="font-size: small;">Tölken, H.R. (1978) Two new species and a new combination in the genus Kalanchoe. Journal of South African Botany 44: 89–91. Available from: https://archive.org/stream/journalofsouthaf44unse#page/90/mode/2up (accessed 6 October 2022)</span></span></span>
<p align="justify"><span style="color: #000000;"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, serif;"><span style="font-size: small;">Tölken, H.R. (1985) Crassulaceae. 3166, 4. Kalanchoe. 3166a, 5. Bryophyllum. In: O.A. Leistner (ed.) Flora of Southern Africa 14. Botanical Research Institute, Department of Agriculture and Water Supply, place of publication not stated, likely Pretoria, pp. 61–74.</span></span></span>
<p align="justify"><span style="color: #000000;"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, serif;"><span style="font-size: small;">Turland, N.J., Wiersema, J.H., Barrie, F.R., Greuter, W., Hawksworth, D.L., Herendeen, P.S., Knapp, S., Kusber, W.-H., Li, D.-Z., Marhold, K., May, T.W., McNeill, J., Monro, A.M., Prado, J., Price, M.J. & Smith, G.F. (2018) International Code of Nomenclature for algae, fungi, and plants (Shenzhen Code) adopted by the Nineteenth International Botanical Congress Shenzhen, China, July 2017. Koeltz Botanical Books, Glashütten. [Regnum Vegetabile 159], 254 pp. https://doi.org/10.12705/Code.2018</span></span></span>
<p align="justify"><span style="color: #000000;"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, serif;"><span style="font-size: small;">Tutin, F. (1931 [4 July]) Kalanchoe aleurodes. Gardeners’ Chronicle[: a weekly illustrated journal of horticulture and allied subjects] 3<sup>rd</sup> ser., XC [90]: 9.</span></span></span>
<p align="justify"><span style="color: #000000;"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, serif;"><span style="font-size: small;">Uhl, C.H. (1948 ) Cytotaxonomic studies in the subfamilies Crassuloideae, Kalanchoideae [sic, Kalanchooideae], and Cotyledonoideae of the Crassulaceae. American Journal of Botany 35 (10): 695–706. https://doi.org/10.2307/2438149</span></span></span>
<p align="justify"><span style="color: #000000;"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, serif;"><span style="font-size: small;">Verdoorn, I.C. (1946) Kalanchoe crundallii. Transvaal. Crassulaceae. The Flowering Plants of Africa 25: t. 967. Available from: https://archive.org/details/floweringplantso25unse/page/n39/mode/2up (accessed 6 October 2022)</span></span></span>