Abstract
Teucrium ekimii, T. pestalozzae and T. semrae are three endemic species of Turkey belonging to Teucrium sect. Teucrium. These species grow in the western Mediterranean region of the country and are morphologically similar to each other. In the present study, the three species underwent anatomical examination of the stems, leaves and palynological studies for a better characterization of the species and in search of additional diagnostic characters. Quantitative characters were subjected to one-way analysis of variance (ANOVA) and boxplot. In general, these species are anatomically similar, though there are significant differences in stem cuticle thickness, stem epidermis length and width, leaf lower epidermis width and midrib parenchyma width. Pollen grains of all three species are prolate, medium-sized and tricolpate. The exine ornamentation is microverrucate-perforate in T. ekimii, verrucate in T. pestalozzae and microverrucate in T. semrae. Considering palynological characters, polar axis and t (apocolpium) were identified as taxonomically significant characters.
References
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<p align="justify"><span style="color: #000000;"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, serif;"><span style="font-size: small;">Cramer<span lang="en-GB">,</span> L.H. (1981) Teucrium L. In: Dassanayake<span lang="en-GB">,</span> M.D. & Fosberg<span lang="en-GB">,</span> F.R. (eds.) A revised handbook to the flora of Ceylon 3. Oxford and IBH Publishing Co., New Delhi, pp. 193–194.</span></span></span>
<p align="justify"><span style="color: #000000;"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, serif;"><span style="font-size: small;">Dinç, M. & Do?u, S. (2012) Anatomical and micromorphological studies on Teucrium sect. Isotriodon (Lamiaceae) in Turkey with a taxonomic note. Biologia 67: 663–672. https://doi.org/10.2478/s11756-012-0049-2</span></span></span>
<p align="justify"><span style="color: #000000;"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, serif;"><span style="font-size: small;">Dinç, M., Do?u, S., Bilgili, B. & Ata?, A.D. (2007) Teucrium chamaedrys L. subsp. tauricolum Rech. fil. ve T. scordium L. subsp. scordioides (Schreber) Maire & Petitmengin (Labiatae) taksonlar? üzerinde anatomik ve mikromorfolojik çal??malar. Ot Sistematik Botanik Dergisi 14: 155–168.</span></span></span>
<p align="justify"><span style="color: #000000;"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, serif;"><span style="font-size: small;">Dinç, M., Do?u, S., Bilgili, B. & Duran, A. (2009) Comparative anatomical and micromorphological studies on Teucrium creticum and Teucrium orientale var. orientale (T. sect. Teucrium, Lamiaceae). Nordic Journal of Botany 27: 251–256. https://doi.org/10.1111/j.1756-1051.2008.00323.x</span></span></span>
<p align="justify"><span style="color: #000000;"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, serif;"><span style="font-size: small;">Dinç, M., Do?u, S., Koca, A.D. & Kaya, B. (2011) Anatomical and nutlet differentiation between Teucrium montanum and T. polium from Turkey. Biologia 66: 448–453. https://doi.org/10.2478/s11756-011-0035-0</span></span></span>
<p align="justify"><span style="color: #000000;"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, serif;"><span style="font-size: small;">Dinç, M., Duran, A., P?nar, M. & Öztürk, M. (2008) Anatomy, palynology and nutlet micromorphology of Turkish endemic Teucrium sandrasicum (Lamiaceae). Biologia 63: 637–641. https://doi.org/10.2478/s11756-008-0137-5</span></span></span>
<p align="justify"><span style="color: #000000;"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, serif;"><span style="font-size: small;">Dönmez, E.O., I?nceo?lu, Ö. & P?nar, M. (1999) Scanning electron microscopy study of pollen in some Turkish Teucrium L.(Labiatae). Turkish Journal of Botany 23: 379–382.</span></span></span>
<p align="justify"><span style="color: #000000;"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, serif;"><span style="font-size: small;">Duman, H. (1998) A new species of Teucrium L. (Labiatae) from South West Anatolia. Karaca Arboretum Magazine 4: 125–130.</span></span></span>
<p align="justify"><span style="color: #000000;"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, serif;"><span style="font-size: small;">Ecevit Genç, G., Büyükk?l?ç Alt?nba?ak, B., Özcan, T. & Dirmenci, T. (2018) Comparative anatomical studies of some Teucrium sect. Teucrium species: Teucrium alyssifolium Stapf, Teucrium brevifolium Schreb. and Teucrium pestalozzae Boiss. (Lamiaceae). PhytoKeys 96: 63–77. https://doi.org/10.3897/phytokeys.96.24498</span></span></span>
<p align="justify"><span style="color: #000000;"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, serif;"><span style="font-size: small;">Ekim T (1982) Teucrium L. In: Davis, PH. (ed.) Flora of Turkey and the East Aegean Islands, Vol. 7. Edinburgh University Press, Edinburgh, pp. 53–75.</span></span></span>
<p align="justify"><span style="color: #000000;"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, serif;"><span style="font-size: small;">Erdo?an, E., Akçiçek, E., Selvi, S. & Tümen, G. (2012) Comparative anatomical studies on the two Stachys species (sect. Eriostomum, subsect. Germanicae) growing in Turkey. African Journal of Pharmacy and Pharmacology 6: 1417–1427. https://doi.org/10.5897/AJPP12.267</span></span></span>
<p align="justify"><span style="color: #000000;"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, serif;"><span style="font-size: small;">Erdtman, G. (1945) Pollen morphology and plant taxonomy. IV. Labiatae, Verbenaceae, and Avicenniaceae. Svensk Botanisk Tidskrift 39: 279–285.</span></span></span>
<p align="justify"><span style="color: #000000;"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, serif;"><span style="font-size: small;">Erdtman, G. (1952) Pollen morphology and plant taxonomy: Angiosperms. Almquis and Wilksell, Stockholm, 539 pp.</span></span></span>
<p align="justify"><span style="color: #000000;"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, serif;"><span style="font-size: small;">Faegri, K. & Iversen, J. (1975) Textbook of pollen analysis. Munksgard, Copenhagen, 295 pp.</span></span></span>
<p align="justify"><span style="color: #000000;"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, serif;"><span style="font-size: small;">Harley, R.M., Atkins, S., Budanstev, A.L., Cantino, P.D., Conn, B.J., Grayer, R., Harley, M.M., (2004) Labiatae. In: Kubitzki, K. (ed.) The families and genera of vascular plants VII. Springer, Berlin/Heidelberg, pp. 167–275.</span></span></span>
<p align="justify"><span style="color: #000000;"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, serif;"><span style="font-size: small;">Johansen, D.A. (1944) Plant microtechnique. McGraw-Hill, New York, 523 pp.</span></span></span>
<p align="justify"><span style="color: #000000;"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, serif;"><span style="font-size: small;">Lakuši?, B., Stevanovi?, B., Jan?i?, R. & Lakuši?, D. (2010) Habitat-related adaptations in morphology and anatomy of Teucrium (Lamiaceae) species from the Balkan peninsula (Serbia and Montenegro). Flora - Morphology, Distribution, Functional Ecology of Plants 205: 633–646. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.flora.2010.04.018</span></span></span>
<p align="justify"><span style="color: #000000;"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, serif;"><span style="font-size: small;">Linnaeus, C. (1753) Species plantarum, vols. 1–2. Salvius, Stockholm, 1200 pp.</span></span></span>
<p align="justify"><span style="color: #000000;"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, serif;"><span style="font-size: small;">Marzouk, R.I., El-Darier, S.M. & Askar, A.B.M. (2017) Pollen morphology of Teucrium L. (Lamiaceae, Ajugoideae) in Libya. Bangladesh Journal of Plant Taxonomy 24: 219–226. https://doi.org/10.3329/bjpt.v24i2.35118</span></span></span>
<p align="justify"><span style="color: #000000;"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, serif;"><span style="font-size: small;">Metcalfe<span lang="en-GB">,</span> C.R. & Chalk<span lang="en-GB">,</span> L. (1950) Anatomy of the dicotyledons I. Oxford University Press., London, pp. 1041–1053.</span></span></span>
<p align="justify"><span style="color: #000000;"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, serif;"><span style="font-size: small;">Metcalfe, C.R. & Chalk, L. (1983) Anatomy of the dicotyledons II. Oxford University Press, London, pp. 82–91.</span></span></span>
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