Abstract
Type material of Fragilaria pinnata var. subcapitata Frenguelli, a diatom originally described from diatomite in northern Chile, has been examined using light and scanning electron microscopy. Its valve morphology is described and comparisons to the original description, additional reports and closely related taxa are provided. Morphological features of this taxon confirm its transfer to the genus Staurosirella as S. subcapitata. Since Frenguelli did not formally designate a type, we selected one of the examined specimens as lectotype.
References
<p>Almeida, P.D., Wetzel, C.E., Morales, E.A., Ector, L. & Bicudo, D.C. (2015) <em>Staurosirella acidophila</em> sp. nov., a new araphid diatom (Bacillariophyta) from southeastern Brazil: ultrastructure, distribution and autecology. <em>Cryptogamie Algologie </em>36: 255–270. https://dx.doi.org/10.7872/crya/v36.iss3.2015.255</p>
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<p>Barber, H.G. & Haworth, E.Y. (1981) A guide to the morphology of the diatom frustule with a key to the British freshwater genera. <em>Freshwater Biological Association, Scientific Publication</em> 44: 1–112.</p>
<p>Ehrenberg, C.G. (1843) Verbreitung und Einflufs Einfluʃs des mikroskopischen Lebens in Süd-und Nord-Amerika. <em>Abhandlungen der Königlichen Akademie der Wissenschaften zu Berlin</em> 1841 (Erster Theil): 291–446, 4 pls.</p>
<p>Frenguelli, J. (1930) Diatomeas contenidas en una muestra de trípoli de Calama, en Chile. <em>Revista Chilena de Historia Natural</em> 34: 195–199. [https://rchn.biologiachile.cl/pdfs/1930/1/Frenguelli_1930b.pdf]</p>
<p>Frenguelli, J. (1934) Diatomeas del trípoli de San Pedro de Atacama. <em>Revista Chilena de Historia Natural</em> 38: 159–163. [https://rchn.biologiachile.cl/pdfs/1934/1/Frenguelli_1934.pdf]</p>
<p>Frenguelli, J. (1935) Análisis diatomológico de trípolis chilenos. <em>Revista Chilena de Historia Natural </em>39: 147–152. [https://rchn.biologiachile.cl/pdfs/1935/1/Frenguelli_1935.pdf]</p>
<p>Frenguelli, J. (1942) XVII Contribución al conocimiento de las diatomeas Argentinas. Diatomeas del Neuquén (Patagonia). <em>Revista del Museo La Plata (n. s.) Botánica</em> 5: 73–219.</p>
<p>García, M.L., Echazú, D.M., Romero, O.E. & Maidana, N.I. (2018) <em>Cocconeis neuquina</em> Frenguelli (Bacillariophyta): emended description, lectotypification, ecology, and geographical distribution. <em>Diatom Research</em> 33: 219–228. https://doi.org/10.1080/0269249X.2018.1485596 </p>
<p>Gorriti, G., Sala, S.E. & Guerrero, J.M. (2000) Sobre la validez taxonómica de <em>Epithemia zebra</em> var. <em>elongata</em> (Epithemiaceae, Bacillariophyceae). <em>Darwiniana</em> 38: 285–289. [https://www.jstor.org/stable/i23223883]</p>
<p>Kützing, F.T. (1844) <em>Die kieselschaligen Bacillarien oder Diatomeen</em>. W. Köhne, Nordhausen, 152 pp., 30 pls. [https://www.algaebase.org/search/bibliography/?authors=K%C3%BCtzing&first_author=&year=1844&title=&journal=&abstract=&doi=]</p>
<p>Lyngbye, H.C. (1819) <em>Tentamen hydrophytologiae danicae continens omnia hydrophyta cryptogama Daniae, Holsatiae, Faeroae, Islandiae, Groenlandiae hucusque cognita, systematice disposita, descripta et iconibus illustrata, adjectis simul speciebus norvegicis</em>. Hafniae [Copenhagen]: typis Schultzianis, in commissis Librariae Gyldendaliae, pp. [i]–xxxii, [1]–248, 70 pls. [https://www.algaebase.org/search/bibliography/?authors=lyngbye&first_author=&year=&title=&journal=&abstract=&doi=]</p>
<p>Morales, E.A. (2005) Observations of the morphology of some known and new fragilarioid diatoms (Bacillariophyceae) from rivers in the USA. <em>Phycological Research</em> 53: 113–133. https://doi.org/10.1111/j.1440-183.2005.00378.x </p>
<p>Morales, E.A. & Manoylov, K.M. (2006a) <em>Staurosirella</em> <em>incognita</em> Morales et Manoylov sp. nov., a non-spiny species from North America, with an emended description of <em>Staurosirella</em> Williams et Round (Bacillariophyceae).<em> In:</em> Witkowski, A. (Ed.) <em>Eighteenth International Diatom Symposium 2004.</em> Miedzyzdrojc, Poland. Biopress Limited, Bristol. pp. 325–336.</p>
<p>Morales, E.A. & Manoylov, K.M. (2006b) Morphological studies on selected taxa in the genus <em>Staurosirella</em> Williams et Round (Bacillariophyceae) from rivers in North America. <em>Diatom Research</em> 21: 343–364. https://doi.org/10.1080/0269249X.2006.9705674</p>
<p>Morales, E.A., Guerrero, J.M., Wetzel, C., Sala, S.E. & Ector, L. (2013) Unraveling the identity of <em>Fragilaria pinnata</em> Ehrenberg and <em>Staurosira pinnata</em> Ehrenberg: research in progress on a convoluted story. <em>Cryptogamie Algologie</em> 34: 89–102. https://doi.org/10.7872/crya.v34.iss2.2013.89 </p>
<p>Morales, E.A., Wetzel, C.E., Haworth, E.Y. & Ector, L. (2019) Ending a 175-year taxonomic uncertainty: Description of <em>Staurosirella neopinnata</em> sp. nov. (Bacillariophyta) to accommodate <em>Fragilaria pinnata</em>, a highly misconstrued taxon with a purported worldwide distribution. <em>Phytotaxa</em> 402: 75–87. https://doi.org/10.11646/phytotaxa.402.2.1 </p>
<p>Potapova, M. (2013) The types of 22 <em>Navicula</em> (Bacillariophyta) species described by Ruth Patrick. <em>Proceedings of the Academy of Natural Sciences of Philadelphia</em> 162: 1–23. https://doi.org/10.1635/053.162.0101</p>
<p>Reimer, C.W. (1966) Consideration of fifteen diatom taxa (Bacillariophyta) from the Savannah River, including seven described as new. <em>Notulae Naturae</em> 397: 1–15.</p>
<p>Ross, R., Cox, E.J., Karayeva, N.I., Mann, D.G., Paddock, T.B.B., Simonsen, R. & Sims, P.A. (1979) An amended terminology for the siliceous components of the diatom cell. <em>Beihefte zur Nova Hedwigia</em> 64: 513–533.</p>
<p>Round, F.E., Crawford, R.M. & Mann, D.G. (1990) <em>The Diatoms: Biology and Morphology of the Genera</em>. Cambridge University Press, Cambridge, 747 pp.</p>
<p>Sala, S.E. & Maidana, N.I. (2003) Morphology and taxonomy of <em>Amphora atacamae</em> Frenguelli (Bacillariophyceae). <em>Diatom Research</em> 18: 69–78. https://doi.org/10.1080/0269249X.2003.9705574 </p>
<p>Sunesen, I., Tardivo Kubis, J.A. & Sar, E.A. (2017) A re-investigation of three Frenguelli’s <em>Caloneis</em> taxa (Pinnulariaceae, Bacillariophyta) from Argentina. <em>Phytotaxa</em> 305: 165–178. https://doi.org/10.11646/phytotaxa.305.3.4 </p>
<p>Turland, N.J., Wiersema, J.H., Barrie, F.R., Greuter, W., Hawksworth, D.L., Herendeen, P.S., Knapp, S., Kusber, W.-H., Li, D.-Z., Marhold, K., May, T.W., McNeill, J., Monro, A.M., Prado, J., Price, M.J. & Smith, G.F. (Eds.) (2018) <em>International Code of Nomenclature for algae, fungi, and plants (Shenzhen Code) adopted by the Nineteenth International Botanical Congress Shenzhen, China, July 2017</em>. Regnum Vegetabile 159. Glashütten: Koeltz Botanical Books. https://doi.org/10.12705/Code.2018</p>
<p>Vouilloud, A.A., Sala, S.E. & Heguilor, S. (2018) Revision of the type material of <em>Diploneis</em> <em>zannii</em> Frenguelli (Bacillariophyceae). <em>Phytotaxa</em> 351: 239–245. https://doi.org/10.11646/phytotaxa.351.3.5 </p>
<p>Wetzel, C.E., Sar, E.A., Sunesen, I., Van de Vijver, B. & Ector, L. (2017) New combinations and typification of Neotropical <em>Cosmioneis</em> species (Cosmioneidaceae). <em>Diatom Research</em> 32: 229–240. https://doi.org/10.1080/0269249X.2017.1316776 </p>
<p>Williams, D.M. & Round, F.E. (1987) Revision of the genus <em>Fragilaria</em>. <em>Diatom Research</em> 2: 267–288. https://doi.org/10.1080/0269249X.1987.9705004 </p>
<p>Williams, D.M. & Round, F.E. (1988) <em>Fragilariforma</em>, nom. nov., a new generic name for <em>Neofragilaria</em> Williams & Round. <em>Diatom Research</em> 3: 265–266. https://doi.org/10.1080/0269249X.1988.9705039 </p>
<p><br></p>
<p>Anonymous (1975) Proposals for a standardization of diatom terminology and diagnoses. <em>Beihefte zur Nova Hedwigia</em> 53: 323–354.</p>
<p>Barber, H.G. & Haworth, E.Y. (1981) A guide to the morphology of the diatom frustule with a key to the British freshwater genera. <em>Freshwater Biological Association, Scientific Publication</em> 44: 1–112.</p>
<p>Ehrenberg, C.G. (1843) Verbreitung und Einflufs Einfluʃs des mikroskopischen Lebens in Süd-und Nord-Amerika. <em>Abhandlungen der Königlichen Akademie der Wissenschaften zu Berlin</em> 1841 (Erster Theil): 291–446, 4 pls.</p>
<p>Frenguelli, J. (1930) Diatomeas contenidas en una muestra de trípoli de Calama, en Chile. <em>Revista Chilena de Historia Natural</em> 34: 195–199. [https://rchn.biologiachile.cl/pdfs/1930/1/Frenguelli_1930b.pdf]</p>
<p>Frenguelli, J. (1934) Diatomeas del trípoli de San Pedro de Atacama. <em>Revista Chilena de Historia Natural</em> 38: 159–163. [https://rchn.biologiachile.cl/pdfs/1934/1/Frenguelli_1934.pdf]</p>
<p>Frenguelli, J. (1935) Análisis diatomológico de trípolis chilenos. <em>Revista Chilena de Historia Natural </em>39: 147–152. [https://rchn.biologiachile.cl/pdfs/1935/1/Frenguelli_1935.pdf]</p>
<p>Frenguelli, J. (1942) XVII Contribución al conocimiento de las diatomeas Argentinas. Diatomeas del Neuquén (Patagonia). <em>Revista del Museo La Plata (n. s.) Botánica</em> 5: 73–219.</p>
<p>García, M.L., Echazú, D.M., Romero, O.E. & Maidana, N.I. (2018) <em>Cocconeis neuquina</em> Frenguelli (Bacillariophyta): emended description, lectotypification, ecology, and geographical distribution. <em>Diatom Research</em> 33: 219–228. https://doi.org/10.1080/0269249X.2018.1485596 </p>
<p>Gorriti, G., Sala, S.E. & Guerrero, J.M. (2000) Sobre la validez taxonómica de <em>Epithemia zebra</em> var. <em>elongata</em> (Epithemiaceae, Bacillariophyceae). <em>Darwiniana</em> 38: 285–289. [https://www.jstor.org/stable/i23223883]</p>
<p>Kützing, F.T. (1844) <em>Die kieselschaligen Bacillarien oder Diatomeen</em>. W. Köhne, Nordhausen, 152 pp., 30 pls. [https://www.algaebase.org/search/bibliography/?authors=K%C3%BCtzing&first_author=&year=1844&title=&journal=&abstract=&doi=]</p>
<p>Lyngbye, H.C. (1819) <em>Tentamen hydrophytologiae danicae continens omnia hydrophyta cryptogama Daniae, Holsatiae, Faeroae, Islandiae, Groenlandiae hucusque cognita, systematice disposita, descripta et iconibus illustrata, adjectis simul speciebus norvegicis</em>. Hafniae [Copenhagen]: typis Schultzianis, in commissis Librariae Gyldendaliae, pp. [i]–xxxii, [1]–248, 70 pls. [https://www.algaebase.org/search/bibliography/?authors=lyngbye&first_author=&year=&title=&journal=&abstract=&doi=]</p>
<p>Morales, E.A. (2005) Observations of the morphology of some known and new fragilarioid diatoms (Bacillariophyceae) from rivers in the USA. <em>Phycological Research</em> 53: 113–133. https://doi.org/10.1111/j.1440-183.2005.00378.x </p>
<p>Morales, E.A. & Manoylov, K.M. (2006a) <em>Staurosirella</em> <em>incognita</em> Morales et Manoylov sp. nov., a non-spiny species from North America, with an emended description of <em>Staurosirella</em> Williams et Round (Bacillariophyceae).<em> In:</em> Witkowski, A. (Ed.) <em>Eighteenth International Diatom Symposium 2004.</em> Miedzyzdrojc, Poland. Biopress Limited, Bristol. pp. 325–336.</p>
<p>Morales, E.A. & Manoylov, K.M. (2006b) Morphological studies on selected taxa in the genus <em>Staurosirella</em> Williams et Round (Bacillariophyceae) from rivers in North America. <em>Diatom Research</em> 21: 343–364. https://doi.org/10.1080/0269249X.2006.9705674</p>
<p>Morales, E.A., Guerrero, J.M., Wetzel, C., Sala, S.E. & Ector, L. (2013) Unraveling the identity of <em>Fragilaria pinnata</em> Ehrenberg and <em>Staurosira pinnata</em> Ehrenberg: research in progress on a convoluted story. <em>Cryptogamie Algologie</em> 34: 89–102. https://doi.org/10.7872/crya.v34.iss2.2013.89 </p>
<p>Morales, E.A., Wetzel, C.E., Haworth, E.Y. & Ector, L. (2019) Ending a 175-year taxonomic uncertainty: Description of <em>Staurosirella neopinnata</em> sp. nov. (Bacillariophyta) to accommodate <em>Fragilaria pinnata</em>, a highly misconstrued taxon with a purported worldwide distribution. <em>Phytotaxa</em> 402: 75–87. https://doi.org/10.11646/phytotaxa.402.2.1 </p>
<p>Potapova, M. (2013) The types of 22 <em>Navicula</em> (Bacillariophyta) species described by Ruth Patrick. <em>Proceedings of the Academy of Natural Sciences of Philadelphia</em> 162: 1–23. https://doi.org/10.1635/053.162.0101</p>
<p>Reimer, C.W. (1966) Consideration of fifteen diatom taxa (Bacillariophyta) from the Savannah River, including seven described as new. <em>Notulae Naturae</em> 397: 1–15.</p>
<p>Ross, R., Cox, E.J., Karayeva, N.I., Mann, D.G., Paddock, T.B.B., Simonsen, R. & Sims, P.A. (1979) An amended terminology for the siliceous components of the diatom cell. <em>Beihefte zur Nova Hedwigia</em> 64: 513–533.</p>
<p>Round, F.E., Crawford, R.M. & Mann, D.G. (1990) <em>The Diatoms: Biology and Morphology of the Genera</em>. Cambridge University Press, Cambridge, 747 pp.</p>
<p>Sala, S.E. & Maidana, N.I. (2003) Morphology and taxonomy of <em>Amphora atacamae</em> Frenguelli (Bacillariophyceae). <em>Diatom Research</em> 18: 69–78. https://doi.org/10.1080/0269249X.2003.9705574 </p>
<p>Sunesen, I., Tardivo Kubis, J.A. & Sar, E.A. (2017) A re-investigation of three Frenguelli’s <em>Caloneis</em> taxa (Pinnulariaceae, Bacillariophyta) from Argentina. <em>Phytotaxa</em> 305: 165–178. https://doi.org/10.11646/phytotaxa.305.3.4 </p>
<p>Turland, N.J., Wiersema, J.H., Barrie, F.R., Greuter, W., Hawksworth, D.L., Herendeen, P.S., Knapp, S., Kusber, W.-H., Li, D.-Z., Marhold, K., May, T.W., McNeill, J., Monro, A.M., Prado, J., Price, M.J. & Smith, G.F. (Eds.) (2018) <em>International Code of Nomenclature for algae, fungi, and plants (Shenzhen Code) adopted by the Nineteenth International Botanical Congress Shenzhen, China, July 2017</em>. Regnum Vegetabile 159. Glashütten: Koeltz Botanical Books. https://doi.org/10.12705/Code.2018</p>
<p>Vouilloud, A.A., Sala, S.E. & Heguilor, S. (2018) Revision of the type material of <em>Diploneis</em> <em>zannii</em> Frenguelli (Bacillariophyceae). <em>Phytotaxa</em> 351: 239–245. https://doi.org/10.11646/phytotaxa.351.3.5 </p>
<p>Wetzel, C.E., Sar, E.A., Sunesen, I., Van de Vijver, B. & Ector, L. (2017) New combinations and typification of Neotropical <em>Cosmioneis</em> species (Cosmioneidaceae). <em>Diatom Research</em> 32: 229–240. https://doi.org/10.1080/0269249X.2017.1316776 </p>
<p>Williams, D.M. & Round, F.E. (1987) Revision of the genus <em>Fragilaria</em>. <em>Diatom Research</em> 2: 267–288. https://doi.org/10.1080/0269249X.1987.9705004 </p>
<p>Williams, D.M. & Round, F.E. (1988) <em>Fragilariforma</em>, nom. nov., a new generic name for <em>Neofragilaria</em> Williams & Round. <em>Diatom Research</em> 3: 265–266. https://doi.org/10.1080/0269249X.1988.9705039 </p>
<p><br></p>