Abstract
Macrofungal explorations undertaken to several Sal (Shorea robusta) dominated tropical forests of West Bengal and Jharkhand (India) yielded various wild mushrooms. Studies on these collections revealed an interesting and novel taxon of Lactifluus subg. Lactariopsis which is proposed herein as Lactifluus tropicalis. The new species is presented with both morphological and molecular data and is most closely related to L. leoninus, a species described from Papua New Guinea.
References
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<p align="justify"><span style="color: #000000;"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, serif;"><span style="font-size: small;">Kropp, B.R. (2016) Russulaceae in American Samoa: new species and further support for an Australasian origin for Samoan ectomycorrhizal fungi. Mycologia 108 (2): 405–413.</span></span></span>
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<p align="justify"><span style="color: #000000;"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, serif;"><span style="font-size: small;">Ronquist, F., Teslenko, M., van der Mark, P., Ayres, D.L., Darling, A., Höhna, S., Larget, B., Liu, L., Suchard, M.A. & Huelsenbeck, J.P. (2012) MrBayes 3.2: efficient Bayesian phylogenetic inference and model choice across a large model space. Systematic Biology 61: 539–542. https://doi.org/10.1093/sysbio/sys029</span></span></span>
<p align="justify"><span style="color: #000000;"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, serif;"><span style="font-size: small;">Roussel, H.F.A. (1806) Flore du Calvados et terrains adjacents, composée suivant la méthode de Jussieu. L.-J. Poisson, Caen, 372 pp.</span></span></span>
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<p align="justify"><span style="color: #000000;"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, serif;"><span style="font-size: small;">White, T.J., Bruns, T., Lee, S.S. & Taylor, J. (1990) Amplification and direct sequencing of fungal ribosomal RNA genes for phylogenetics. In: Innis, M.A., Gelfand, D.H., Sninsky, J.J. & White, T.J. (Eds.) PCR protocols: a guide to methods and applications. New York: Academic Press, pp. 315–322. https://doi.org/10.1016/B978-0-12-372180-8.50042-1</span></span></span>
<p align="justify"><span style="color: #000000;"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, serif;"><span style="font-size: small;">Bera, I. & Das, K. (2019) One new species and two new records in the Lactifluus volemus complex from India, Nordic Journal of Botany 37 (10). https://doi.org/10.1111/njb.02483</span></span></span>
<p align="justify"><span style="color: #000000;"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, serif;"><span style="font-size: small;">Clark, K., Karsch-Mizrachi, I., Lipman, D.J., Ostell, J. & Sayers, E.W. (2016) GenBank. Nucleic Acids Research 44: D67–D72. https://doi.org/10.1093/nar/gkv1276</span></span></span>
<p align="justify"><span style="color: #000000;"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, serif;"><span style="font-size: small;">Crous, P.W., et al. (2021) Fungal Planet description sheets: 1182–1283. Persoonia 46: 313–528. https://doi.org/10.3767/persoonia.2021.46.11</span></span></span>
<p align="justify"><span style="color: #000000;"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, serif;"><span style="font-size: small;">De Crop, E., Delgat, L., Nuytinck, J., Halling, R.E. & Verbeken, A. (2021) A short story of nearly everything in Lactifluus (Russulaceae). Fungal Systematics and Evolution 7 (1): 133–164. https://doi.org/10.3114/fuse.2021.07.07</span></span></span>
<p align="justify"><span style="color: #000000;"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, serif;"><span style="font-size: small;">De Crop, E., Nuytinck, J., Van de Putte, K., Wisitrassameewong, K., Hackel, J., Stubbe, D., Hyde, K.D., Roy, M., Halling, R.E., Moreau, P.-A., Eberhardt, U. & Verbeken, A. (2017) A multi-gene phylogeny of Lactifluus (Basidiomycota, Russulales) translated into a new infrageneric classification of the genus. Persoonia 38: 58–80. https://doi.org/10.3767/003158517X693255</span></span></span>
<p align="justify"><span style="color: #000000;"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, serif;"><span style="font-size: small;">Drummond, A.J., Ashton, B., Buxton, S., Cheung, M., Cooper, A., Heled J, Kearse, M., Moir, R., Stones-Havas, S., Sturrock, S., Thierer, T. & Wilson, A. (2010) Geneious v5.1. Available from: https://www.geneious.com (accessed 19 September 2022)</span></span></span>
<p align="justify"><span style="color: #000000;"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, serif;"><span style="font-size: small;">Duque Barbosa, J.A., Delgat, L., Galváo Elias, S., Verbeken, A., Neves, M.A. & Carvalho Jr, A.A.D. (2020) A new section, Lactifluus section Neotropicus (Russulaceae), and two new Lactifluus species from the Atlantic Forest, Brazil. Systematics and biodiversity 18 (4): 347–361.</span></span></span>
<p align="justify"><span style="color: #000000;"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, serif;"><span style="font-size: small;">Edler, D., Klein, J., Antonelli, A. & Silvestro, D. (2021) raxmlGUI 2.0: a graphical interface and toolkit for phylogenetic analyses using RAxML. Methods in Ecology and Evolution 12: 373–377. https://doi.org/10.1111/2041-210X.13512</span></span></span>
<p align="justify"><span style="color: #000000;"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, serif;"><span style="font-size: small;">Gardes, M. & Bruns, T.D. (1993) ITS primers with enhanced specificity for basidiomycetes-application to the identification of mycorrhizae and rusts. Molecular Ecology 2: 113–118. https://doi.org/10.1111/j.1365-294X.1993.tb00005.x</span></span></span>
<p align="justify"><span style="color: #000000;"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, serif;"><span style="font-size: small;">Hall, T.A. (1999) BioEdit: a user-friendly biological sequence alignment editor and analysis program for windows 95/98/NT. Nucleic Acids Symposium Series 41: 95–98.</span></span></span>
<p align="justify"><span style="color: #000000;"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, serif;"><span style="font-size: small;">Heilmann-Clausen, J., Verbeken, A. & Vesterholt, J. (1998) The genus Lactarius Vol. 2 – Fungi of Northern Europe. Svampetryk: Danish Mycological Society, Denmark.</span></span></span>
<p align="justify"><span style="color: #000000;"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, serif;"><span style="font-size: small;">Katoh, K., Rozewicki, R. & Yamada, K.D. (2019) MAFFT online service: multiple sequence alignment, interactive sequence choice and visualization. Briefings in Bioinformatics 20 (4): 1160–1166. https://doi.org/10.1093/bib/bbx108</span></span></span>
<p align="justify"><span style="color: #000000;"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, serif;"><span style="font-size: small;">Kõljalg, U., Nilsson, R.H., Abarenkov, K., Tedersoo, L., Taylor, A.F.S., Bahram, M., Bates, S.T., Bruns, T.D., Bengtsson-Palme, J., Callaghan, T.M., Douglas, B., Drenkhan, T., Eberhardt, U., Duenas, M., Grebenc, T., Griffith, G.W., Hartmann, M., Kirk, P.M., Kohout, P., Larsson, E., Lindahl, B.D., Lucking, R., Martin, M.P., Matheny, P.B., Nguyen, N.H., Niskanen, T., Oja, J., Peay, K.G., Peintner, U., Peterson, M., Poldmaa, K., Saag, L., Saar, I., Schu?ler, A., Scott, J.A., Sené, C., Smith, M.E., Suija, A., Taylor, D.L., Telleria, M.T., Wei?, M. & Larsson, K.H. (2013) Towards a unified paradigm for sequence-based identification of Fungi. Molecular ecology 22: 5271–5277. https://doi.org/10.1111/mec.12481</span></span></span>
<p align="justify"><span style="color: #000000;"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, serif;"><span style="font-size: small;">Kornerup, A. & Wanscher, J.H. (1978) Methuen handbook of colour, 3<sup>rd</sup> Edition. Methuen, London, 252 pp.</span></span></span>
<p align="justify"><span style="color: #000000;"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, serif;"><span style="font-size: small;">Kropp, B.R. (2016) Russulaceae in American Samoa: new species and further support for an Australasian origin for Samoan ectomycorrhizal fungi. Mycologia 108 (2): 405–413.</span></span></span>
<p align="justify"><span style="color: #000000;"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, serif;"><span style="font-size: small;">Kumar, S., Stecher, G. & Tamura, K. (2016) MEGA7: Molecular Evolutionary Genetics Analysis version 7.0 for bigger datasets. Molecular Biology and Evolution 33: 1870–1874. https://doi.org/10.1093/molbev/msw054</span></span></span>
<p align="justify"><span style="color: #000000;"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, serif;"><span style="font-size: small;">Lanfear, R., Frandsen, P.B., Wright, A.M., Senfeld, T. & Calcott, B. (2017) PartitionFinder 2: new methods for selecting partitioned models of evolution for molecular and morphological phylogenetic analyses. Molecular Biology and Evolution 34 (3): 772–773. https://doi.org/10.1093/molbev/msw260</span></span></span>
<p align="justify"><span style="color: #000000;"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, serif;"><span style="font-size: small;">Lee, H., Wissitrassameewong, K., Park, M.S., Fong, J.J., Verbeken, A., Kim, C. & Lim, Y.W. (2021) Taxonomic Revision of the Genus Lactifluus (Russulales, Basidiomycota) of South Korea. Mycobiology. https://doi.org/10.1080/12298093.2021.1943812</span></span></span>
<p align="justify"><span style="color: #000000;"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, serif;"><span style="font-size: small;">Liu, Y.L., Whelen, S. & Hall, B.D. (1999) Phylogenetic relationships among ascomycetes: evidence from an RNA polymerase II subunit. Molecular Biology and Evolution 16: 1799–1808. https://doi.org/10.1093/oxfordjournals.molbev.a026092</span></span></span>
<p align="justify"><span style="color: #000000;"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, serif;"><span style="font-size: small;">Matheny, P.B. (2005) Improving phylogenetic inference of mushrooms with RPB1 and RPB2 nucleotide sequences (Inocybe, Agaricales). Molecular Phylogenetics and Evolution 35: 1–20. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.ympev.2004.11.014</span></span></span>
<p align="justify"><span style="color: #000000;"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, serif;"><span style="font-size: small;">Miller, S.L., Aime, M.C. & Henkel, T.W. (2012) Russulaceae of the Pakaraima Mountains of Guyana 2. New species of Russula and Lactifluus. Mycotaxon 121: 233–253. https://doi.org/10.5248/121.233</span></span></span>
<p align="justify"><span style="color: #000000;"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, serif;"><span style="font-size: small;">Persoon, C.H. (1797) Tentamen dispositionis methodica fungorum in classes, ordines, genera et familias cum suppl. adjecta. Lipsiae. https://doi.org/10.5962/bhl.title.42674</span></span></span>
<p align="justify"><span style="color: #000000;"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, serif;"><span style="font-size: small;">Rambaut, A., Suchard, M.A., Xie, D. & Drummond, A.J. (2014) Tracer version 1.6. Available from: http://beast.bio.ed.ac.uk/tracer (accessed 19 September 2022)</span></span></span>
<p align="justify"><span style="color: #000000;"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, serif;"><span style="font-size: small;">Ronquist, F., Teslenko, M., van der Mark, P., Ayres, D.L., Darling, A., Höhna, S., Larget, B., Liu, L., Suchard, M.A. & Huelsenbeck, J.P. (2012) MrBayes 3.2: efficient Bayesian phylogenetic inference and model choice across a large model space. Systematic Biology 61: 539–542. https://doi.org/10.1093/sysbio/sys029</span></span></span>
<p align="justify"><span style="color: #000000;"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, serif;"><span style="font-size: small;">Roussel, H.F.A. (1806) Flore du Calvados et terrains adjacents, composée suivant la méthode de Jussieu. L.-J. Poisson, Caen, 372 pp.</span></span></span>
<p align="justify"><span style="color: #000000;"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, serif;"><span style="font-size: small;">Sharma, S., Atri, N.S., Saini, M.K. & Verma, B. (2018) Catalogue of Russulaceous Mushrooms of India. Nova Hedwigia 106 (3–4): 357–401. https://doi.org/10.1127/nova_hedwigia/2017/0437</span></span></span>
<p align="justify"><span style="color: #000000;"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, serif;"><span style="font-size: small;">Singer, R. (1952) Russulaceae of Trinidad and Venezuela. Kew Bulletin 7: 295–301. https://doi.org/10.2307/4109329</span></span></span>
<p align="justify"><span style="color: #000000;"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, serif;"><span style="font-size: small;">Talavera, G. & Castresana, J. (2007) Improvement of phylogenies after removing divergent and ambiguously aligned blocks from protein sequence alignments. Systematic Biology 56: 564–577. https://doi.org/10.1080/10635150701472164</span></span></span>
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